RYLE, Martin Vol1

RYLE_MARTIN_Vol1

Catalogue of the papers and correspondence of Sir Martin Ryle, FRS (1918-1984) VOLUME 1 Introduction Section A: Biographical Section B: War work Section C: Cambridge University Section E: Activism Section D: Research NCUACS catalogue no.176/7/09 By Anna-K. Mayer and Timothy E. Powell M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Title: Reference: GB 0014 RYLE Compiled by: Anna-K. Mayer and Timothy E. Powell Date of material: early 1920s-1998 Catalogue of the papers and correspondence of Sir Martin Ryle FRS (1918- 1984), astronomer NCUACS catalogue no. 176/7/09 © 2009 National Cataloguing Unit for the Archives of Contemporary Scientists, University of Bath Extent of material: ca 3,200 items Deposited in: Churchill Archives Centre, Cambridge M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 The work of the National Cataloguing Unit for the Archives of Contemporary Scientists in the production of this catalogue is made possible by the support of the Arts & Humanities Research Council M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 NOT ALL THE MATERIAL IN THIS COLLECTION MAY YET BE AVAILABLE FOR CONSULTATION. ENQUIRIES SHOULD BE ADDRESSED IN THE FIRST INSTANCE TO: THE ARCHIVIST CHURCHILL COLLEGE CHURCHILL ARCHIVES CENTRE CAMBRIDGE M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 LIST OF CONTENTS GENERAL INTRODUCTION SECTION A BIOGRAPHICAL SECTION B WAR WORK A.1-A.424 B.1-B.21 SECTION C CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY C.1-C.585 SECTION D RESEARCH SECTION E ACTIVISM SECTION F PUBLICATIONS D.1-D.461 E.1-E.224 F.1-F.296 SECTION G LECTURES AND CONFERENCES G.1-G.235 SECTION H H.1-H.443 J.1-J.406 SECTION K NON-TEXTUAL MEDIA K.1-K.203 SECTION J CORRESPONDENCE SOCIETIES AND ORGANISATIONS INDEX OF CORRESPONDENTS M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 GENERAL INTRODUCTION PROVENANCE The archive was received from the Churchill Archives Centre, Cambridge, in January 2009. It comprises a number of accessions presented to the Churchill Archives Centre between 1986 and 2002. The earlier accessions had been box listed to varying degrees of detail and the entries in this catalogue include cross-references to the reference numbers created thereby. OUTLINE OF THE CAREER OF SIR MARTIN RYLE Martin Ryle was born on 27 September 1918 in Brighton, Sussex. He was educated at Bradfield College in Berkshire, then Christ Church, Oxford, where he read physics. On graduating with First Class Honours in 1939, he was immediately recruited by his examiner, J.A. Ratcliffe, to join the ionosphere research group at the Cavendish Laboratory in Cambridge. Within months he followed Ratcliffe into the scientific war effort, joining the Telecommunications Research Establishment (TRE) to work on the problem of air defence. This was a mission for which his keen interest in amateur radio and attempted interference with V-2 rocket guidance. It has been said that the story of radio astronomy began with the return of physicists from wartime in a military context’.' Ryle is very much a case in point. Soon after his return to the Cavendish Laboratory in 1945, he shifted his research interest to a new phenomenon that had come to his spoof invasion, which played an important part in the success of the D-Day landings in June 1944, radar development ‘with their eagerness and ability to follow up certain discoveries made accidentally worked on radio counter-measures and deception. Ryle was involved in the electronic simulation of a became evident when he was given the leadership of one of the groups within the TRE division that A.C.B. Lovell would later recall, Ryle’s extraordinary inventiveness and scientific understanding soon amateur radio station — stood him in good stead. As fellow radar ‘boffin’ and future radio astronomer — he had built his own transmitter while still at school and at Oxford he helped set up the University 1976), ix. attention through a secret report on a war-time incident, suggesting that not all jamming of anti-aircraft waves under investigation originated. Together with D.D. Vonberg, he adapted surplus radar be needed to provide high enough angular resolution for locating the solar region from which the radio 'D.O. Edge and M. Mulkay, Astronomy Transformed. The Emergence of Radio Astronomy in Britain (John Wiley, radar was man-made, but potentially associated with radio emissions from the sun. In his investigations of the sun as a radio emitter, Ryle came up with an elegant solution to a difficulty posed by the equipment then available, namely that an aerial with a diameter of several hundred feet would M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 equipment, using two simple aerials that could easily be moved apart, and connecting them to the same receiver by cable. In effect Ryle created a radio analogue of the Michelson interferometer, and with it the forerunner of a whole series of increasingly complex and sophisticated radio interferometers with which he and his Cambridge colleagues would make their surveys of the distribution of radio sources coming from the sky. By 1957 these instruments required the radio observatory to relocate to a former Air Ministry bomb store five miles outside the centre of Cambridge at Lord’s Bridge. The facility was named the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory (MRAO), in acknowledgement of a substantial grant from the electronics company Mullard Ltd. Here succeeding generations of instruments were built which used ‘aperture synthesis’ technique, that is, they drew on an array of aerial elements to simulate a single telescope of large aperture, and then, with the advent of digital technology, employed the rotation of the earth to sweep out the aperture (described by Ryle as super-synthesis). By 1972 they included the One-Mile Telescope (completed in 1964) and the Five-Kilometre Telescope, whose eight parabolic reflectors arranged along a five-kilometre baseline became a familiar landmark in the area. The instrument was later renamed Ryle Telescope following a series of upgrades in the late 1980s. The instruments were employed in the creation of a succession of Cambridge Catalogues of Radio Sources, with Ryle principally involved in the Second (2C), published in 1955, and the Third (3C), published in 1959. Following the early work on sunspots, Ryle and his research team moved progressively towards the ensued controversy, both with proponents of the steady state theory, in particular with the Cambridge astronomer Fred Hoyle, and with radio astronomers in Sydney, whose surveys of the southern sky did not bear out the Cambridge results. Subsequent statistical analysis of the Cambridge survey and the number counts revealed a large excess of faint sources, suggesting that there had been many more sources in the distant past. In a paper published by the Royal Society in July 1955, Ryle and P.A.G. Scheuer presented an interpretation of these findings that flew in the face of the steady state theory, according to which the universe had the same overall appearance at all cosmic epochs. There discovery in 1965 of cosmic microwave background radiation by A.A. Penzias and R.W. Wilson in the compact ‘radio stars’ (as they were then still called) outside the solar system. By the mid-1950s their research and development programme at Lord’s Bridge to construct wind-powered generators. Ryle’s colleague Antony Hewish were jointly awarded the Nobel prize for physics ‘for pioneering the new With the advent of the oil crisis in the early 1970s Ryle became increasingly preoccupied with the problem of long-term energy supply, emerging as both a public critic of nuclear power and a passionate advocate of alternative energy sources. The latter pursuit involved him in a successful United States substantiated the claim of an evolving universe. In 1974 Ryle and his Cambridge science of radio-astrophysics’. The citation explicitly described the development of aperture synthesis as Ryle’s major contribution. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 social conscience also prompted him to campaign against nuclear weapons, notably through his monograph Towards the Nuclear Holocaust (1981) and support of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament and allied organisations, and to speak out on a range of associated current affairs issues such as potential threats to individual liberty posed by computer-aided surveillance techniques and the Falklands war. In 1948 Ryle was made a lecturer in Physics. He was Director of the MRAO, 1957-1982, Professor of Radio Astronomy, 1959-1982, and in 1972 was appointed Astronomer Royal, the first to hold the post after it was separated from the office of Director of the Royal Observatory. For the period 1964-1967 he served as President of Commission 40 (Radio Astronomy) of the International Astronomical Union. In addition to the Nobel prize, honours and awards accorded to Ryle included election to the Fellowship of the Royal Society (1952), Foreign Memberships of the Soviet Academy of Sciences (1971) and the Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher Leopoldina (1974), and Foreign Associateship of the National Academy of Sciences, USA (1975). He received the Royal Society's Hughes Medal (1954), Bakerian Lecturership (1958) and Royal Medal (1973), the Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society (1964), the Holweck Prize of the Société Frangaise de Physique (1965), the Faraday Medal of the Institution of Electrical Engineers (1971) and the Popov Medal of the Soviet Academy of Sciences (1971). He was knighted in 1966. the following recollections: F. Graham Smith, ‘Early work on radio stars at Cambridge’, and P.A.G. Astronomy, ed. W. T. Sullivan III (Cambridge 1984), pp. 237-248 and pp. 249-265 respectively. Ryle married Ella Rowena Palmer in 1947. They had two daughters and a son. He died on 14 October 1984. The above summary is greatly indebted to the following accounts of Ryle’s life and work: F. Graham Smith, ‘Martin Ryle, 27 September 1918-14 October 1984’, Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Scheuer, ‘The development of aperture synthesis at Cambridge’, both in The Early Years of Radio Astronomical Society, vol. 26 (1985), pp. 358-368; M.S. Longair’s entry for Ryle in the DNB; and to Royal Society, vol. 32 (1986), pp. 496-524; A.C.B. Lovell, ‘Martin Ryle’, Quarterly Journal of the Royal of wind energy and as a leading anti-nuclear campaigner. The material covers the period from the early 1920s to 1998. It presents wide-ranging and extensive DESCRIPTION OF THE COLLECTION documentation of Ryle’s activities as a scientist and engineer of the very highest calibre, as a pioneer M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Section A, Biographical, presents obituaries, tributes, memoirs (including material assembled for the Royal Society biographical memoir by F. Graham Smith), profiles and interviews. There is also material relating to the posthumous publication of Martin Ryle’s Letter, Menard Press (1985), which presented Ryle’s views on nuclear weapons and the arms race. Ryle’s education is covered in the form of school and undergraduate notebooks, and honours and awards documented include election to the Fellowship of the Royal Society (1952), knighthood (1966) and the award of the Nobel prize (1974). Other biographical material includes appointment diaries, family letters including childhood correspondence with his parents, and documentation of interests in amateur radio and sailing. Section B, War work, is by far the smallest section in this collection, documenting Ryle’s contribution to the scientific war effort only very sketchily. It includes a set of technical notebooks, a flying log- book, and his reminiscences of the Battle of Britain and the Normandy Landings. Section C, Cambridge University, forms the most substantial section in this archive. It is dominated by two subsections documenting related aspects of radio-astronomical work at Cambridge: the direction, oversight and coordination of the activities of the Cavendish Laboratory Radio Astronomy Group, and the creation and operation of the radio-astronomical observatories. Material on the former includes Governing Body meetings; memoranda and notes on Group meetings offering detailed insight into the Group’s research and publication programme and ongoing technical and theoretical considerations, 1960-1982; colloquia and seminars, 1955-1974; Ryle’s undergraduate and postgraduate lectures, and Bridge, including the construction of the first major radio telescopes at the site. There is particularly Section D, Research, presents material relating both to Ryle’s astronomical studies and to his later extensive coverage of the design, building, operation and management of the Five-Kilometre includes information about various proposals for reforms. Records pertaining to Ryle’s work as Grange Road Field Station and the foundation of the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory at Lord’s Telescope 1964-c.1980. Also documented are investigations on sources of radio interference, visitors to the facility, humour etc. A comparatively minor group of papers on the Cavendish Laboratory also courses given by colleagues. The subsection on the observatories contains records of the early particular note is the notebook at D.7 which records Ryle’s thoughts on discovering ‘radio stars’ of the end of the Second World War to the 1970s. It thus includes the immediate post-war plans for with Ryle’s involvement in the second (2C) and third (8C) being particularly well-represented. Of research into ‘cosmic noise’ and solar radiation, as well as the radio-astronomical surveys carried out at Cambridge, initially at the Grange Road Field Station/Old Rifle Range (with the Michelson Interferometer) and then at Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory at Lord’s Bridge (One-Mile and Five-Kilometre Telescopes). It documents the successive Cambridge Catalogues of Radio Sources, lecturer and examiner for the University's Bachelor of Medicine degree, 1948-1949, can be found in another small group of papers covering the university more broadly. interests in harnessing wind and tide power. His active astronomical research is documented from M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 smaller intensity and on the design of new radio telescopes. There are also the observations of Ryle’s team of the Soviet satellite Sputnik 1 in 1957. Among the other researchers whose work is represented here are P.A.G. Scheuer and J.R. Shakeshaft. Wind power research from the mid 1970s is documented in the form of design, construction and testing of equipment, reports on progress and on Cambridge and collaborative research efforts, correspondence, shorter publications and background material. There is also a little material relating to Ryle’s interest in the use of tide power, chiefly a Patent Specification of 1977 for ‘Improvements in or relating to a device for the utilisation of the flow of water’. Section E, Activism, brings together letters to the press about nuclear arms, nuclear power, correspondence with individuals (including prominent politicians) and organisations, and extensive background material. There is particularly extensive material relating to the campaign of CEGB physicist R.V. Hesketh to expose links between plutonium and US nuclear weapons. The material presented here testifies to Ryle’s vehement opposition to the nuclear industry, his strenuous campaigning against nuclear weapons, his anger at the use of scientists in military projects and indeed his increasing distrust of much scientific endeavour. Section F, Publications, opens with an extensive series of drafts and related material for Ryle’s streak. This supplements similar material in section E. There is also some editorial correspondence, book reviews and a set of drafts by colleagues, the bulk of which date from around 1949 to 1959. transcripts of a BBC Series on ‘Theories of the universe’, 1959. Section G, Lectures and conferences, documents Ryle’s speaking engagements in two substantial spectrum of audiences ranging from fellow experts to undergraduate scientific societies and the public at large. Also included are a series of invitations declined and some lectures by others, among them war (1976-1986). This is followed by letters to the media 1975-1984, further revealing his activist covered here are dedicated to some aspect of radio astronomy, and they encompass a wide chronological series covering three decades from 1946. All of the lectures, speeches and addresses publications on radio astronomy (1948-1977) and on alternative energy, nuclear power and nuclear (Radio Astronomy), and the International Union of Radio Science (URSI), in particular the 1948 URSI research councils, the Department for Scientific and Industrial Research and then the Science Research Council, the Precision Approach Radar Inquiry of the Board of Trade (1964-1978), and the Section H, Societies and organisations, is large section. Among the British bodies represented are Working Party on the Contamination of Space (also dubbed the ‘Rainbow Bomb Committee’), which reported to the Office of the Minister of Science on the impact of a high-altitude nuclear test conducted by the US in 1962. International involvements are also documented. Especially prominent are the International Astronomical Union, 1951-1978, which he served as President of Commission 40 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 General Assembly held in Stockholm, and Ryle’s involvement with URSI Commission V (Radio Astronomy). Section J, Correspondence, consists chiefly of three sequences of letters. There are Ryle’s original correspondence files covering 1948-1958, another sequence assembled by W.T. Sullivan II| covering 1943-1977, and a third grouping assembled from letters found loose and ranging from 1960 to 1984. The letters in all three sequences range from highly specialized scientific and engineering correspondence with colleagues in the UK and around the world, to correspondence with members of the general public, for example, picking up on news reports of the latest radio-astronomical discoveries. Later correspondence shows Ryle’s environmental and social concerns becoming increasingly prominent. There is also a set of letters from the Venezuelan amateur quantum theorist J. Lazzero (1977), and a smaller body of references and recommendations. Section K, Non-textual media, presents much visual material. There are many photographs which feature Ryle, the Cambridge observatory and its equipment, and occasions at which Ryle was present. There is also a set of original data readings, most dating from 1950 to 1958. A small series of original figures includes annotated graphs from Ryle’s 1955 paper with P.A.G. Scheuer, which challenged the steady state theory. There are a few slides, a video recording and a set of stamps featuring iconic objects of satellite communication. There is also an index of correspondents. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS the Royal Astronomical Society, 1985. We are grateful to Professors Malcolm S. Longair and John E. Baldwin for help with the identification of material, in particular photographs, and to Peter D. Hingley of the Royal Astronomical Society for help in obtaining A.C.B. Lovell’s account of Ryle’s life and work, published in the Quarterly Journal of background of the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory. The original is at F.106. Anna-K. Mayer and Timothy E. Powell Bath, 2009 The photograph on the title page shows one of Ryle’s wind turbines in the foreground against the M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 SECTION A BIOGRAPHICAL, A.1-A.424 early 1920s- 1998 A.1-A.106 BIOGRAPHICAL ACCOUNTS AND MEMORIALS A.107-A.189 EDUCATION A.190-A.331 CAREER, HONOURS AND AWARDS A.332-A.345 DIARIES A.346-A.368 FAMILY A.369-A.380 PERSONAL CORRESPONDENCE A.381-A.389 AMATEUR RADIO A.390-A.402 SAILING A.1-A.106 1945-1998 Obituaries and tributes A.403-A.414 PROPERTY AND FINANCE A.417-A.424 MEMORABILIA A.415, A.416 HEALTH BIOGRAPHICAL ACCOUNTS AND MEMORIALS The Observatory, December 1984. The Guardian, by A.C.B. Lovell, 1984 (from Acc. 769/1). Obituaries The Times, 16 October 1984. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 Copy of obituary by Jennifer Armstrong, Sizewell Journal, October/November 1984 This focuses on Ryle’s anti-nuclear views and activities. Original at A.85. From Acc 788/59. Address by Donald Parry, Memorial Service, Trumpington Parish Church, 20 October 1984, Cambridge Review, December 1984 of Cambridge Review, with Includes December issue photocopies of the East Anglian Daily Times ‘Better alternative [to nuclear power]’, October 1981, and of ‘Statement’ by Ryle beginning ‘Our world is one’ ca 1983- 1984 interleaved at p.212. letter to From Acc 1200. Recollections of Ryle 1985-1987 From Acc 1128/2. From Acc 1128/2. of Martin Ryle’ by Rosemary (Baldwin) See also A.12-A.21. Letter to Lady Ryle from J.A. Ratcliffe, September 1985 ‘Recollections Coffin, February/March 1985 From Acc 1183. The letter encloses Ratcliffe’s ‘Notes on Martin’, and two letters to Ratcliffe from J.A. Ryle (father), 1941 and 1946. Account of Ryle’s early years by J.A. Ratcliffe. Photocopy manuscript. ca 1985 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 ‘Alison concern’ [Ryle]’s account of Martin’s growing & widening From Acc 1128/2. Letter to Lady Ryle from J.A. Ratcliffe, September 1985 The letter encloses two letters from T.M. Charlton on ‘the aerial that blew down’ (in November 1957). From Acc 1128/2. Letters of condolence 1984, 1985 Unindexed. From Acc 788/53 and Acc 1128/2. Material duplicated elsewhere in this A.10-A.37 Royal Society Biographical Memoir From Acc 769/1. section has been discarded. Papers and correspondence assembled in the preparation and publication of ‘Sir Martin Ryle 27 September 1918-14 October 1984’ by Sir Francis Graham-Smith, Biographical Memoirs of the Fellows of the Royal Society vol 32 (1986), 497-524. 10 folders. Correspondence with Royal Society re preparation and publication of the memoir A.12-A.21 Recollections of Ryle List of publications 1984-1988 1984-1986 1984-1986 1984-1985 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 In alphabetical order. At A.16-A.18 is material, including two accounts, from A.C.B. Lovell. At A.20 is account by Graham-Smith of Ryle’s contribution to radio astronomy. At A.21_ postwar research. D.D. Vonberg account early by of is A.22, A.23 Manuscript notes on Ryle and his family background 1984-1985 2 folders. Photocopied and printed background material Includes ‘Proposed programme for investigation of solar and cosmic noises’, November 1945; Ryle’s ‘Personal memories of 24-28 May 1944’, ca 1983; and extract from ‘The World’s Most Romantic Men’ in which the actress Tuesday Weld nominates alongside Leonardo Da Vinci, ca 1960. Martin Ryle, Sir A.25-A.27 Typescript draft of Memoir 3 folders. 3 folders. A.28-A.30 A.31, A.32 Published Memoir Comments on draft In alphabetical order. recollections of Ryle produced for the memoir Offprint from Biographical Memoirs of the Fellows of the Royal Society (A.31); 1987 reprint for wider circulation (A.32). Includes list of those to receive offprints. Post-publication correspondence Correspondence 1984, 1987 re archival 1986-1988 material, including the 1986, 1987 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 A.35-A.37 Cassette audiotapes A.35 ‘Ratcliffe talking to FGS about Martin Ryle Jan 1985’ TDK AD90 tape. ‘Feb 1985 Peter Hall interviewed by FG Smith (on Ryle)’ Agfa C90 tape. Both sides used. talks Hall Telecommunications Research Establishment. wartime Ryle’s' about work at the ‘F.G. Smith talking to Paul Scott about Ryle’s work on energy’ Agfa C90 tape. Part of side 1 used only. 1996, 1997 her A.39-A.71 Profiles and interviews 1960-1997 From Acc 1200. Entry for Dictionary of National Biography The entry on Ryle for the DNB was written by M.S. Longair. Letters to Lady Ryle from M.S. Longair; notes on suggested amendments; copy of entry as sent to DNB. From Acc 1128. ‘Martin Ryle. Looking out to the edges of the universe’, by Timothy Johnson, Illustrated London News, 30 October 1965 ‘Martin Ryle’s Unseen Universe’, Image, May 1960 From Acc 1125. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 R. Hobart Ellis Interview by for article ‘Britons seek closer relations between industry and university’, Physics Today, January 1968 Jr 1967-1968 From Acc 1183. this how the world began?, Observer magazine, 2 ‘Is February 1969 From Acc 1183. Entry for Central Office of Information 1972-1973 Covering letter; corrected draft; 1973; etc. list of publications 1947- From Acc 1183. Entry for Ryle from Current Biography, vol 34, September 1973 From Acc 1200. From Acc 748 and Acc 1183. A.44-A.46 A.44-A.54 Interview by D.O. Edge, May 19771, Partly corrected transcript, with covering letter from Edge. This interview was used for Astronomy Transformed: the emergence of radio astronomy in Britain by D.O. Edge and M.J. Mulkay (New York, 1976). 1971-1972 At A.47 are Ryle’s manuscript notes. A.47-A.50 Draft of chapter 8. 3 folders. From Acc 748. 4 folders. From Acc 1183. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 A.51-A.54 Draft of chapter 10 8 folders. Correspondence from Edge at A.51. From Acc 1183. Interview by P.G. Westphal, 1974 In German. This interview was for a television programme for Zweites Deutsches Fernsehen. From Acc 1183. Letter from the captions for illustrations of Ryle’s work National Geographic Society, USA, re The illustrations were for the book The Amazing Universe. From Acc 1183. profile of Ryle issued by the British From Acc 788/58. From Acc 748 and Acc 1125. Interview by W.T. Sullivan III], August 1976 Biographical Information Services, March 1976 2 folders. Transcript of interview, with manuscript corrections ‘Ryle’s Group at the Cavendish’ 1976, 1986- 1987 3 folders. From Acc 1125. A.58-A.63 A.58-A.60 A.61, A.62 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 From Acc 1125. This was a draft chapter for Sullivan’s ‘A History of Radio Astronomy’. It drew heavily on the interview conducted in 1976. Correspondence with Lady Ryle 1986-1987 Includes letter to Sullivan in which Lady Ryle describes her husband’s spiritual outlook. From Acc 1125. Profile Higher Educational Supplement intellectual Ryle’s on influences, for the Times Request for article, Ryle’s rough manuscript draft. From Acc 1183. by D. for the ‘Science Show’, From Acc 1200. to ‘Living Guardian, 30 September 1982 fight another way’, interview with Interview Australian Broadcasting Corporation, 1982 Crawford, The Best of the Science Show was a book based on interviews for Australian Broadcasting Corporation. ‘Martin Ryle’, photocopied extract from The Best of the Science Show, ed. R. Williams (Nelson, 1983). From Acc 788/61. ‘One Cambridge Evening News, 1 October 1982 This article marked Ryle’s retirement. This article marked Ryle’s retirement. From Acc 788/61. M. Walker, man who made charting universe possible’, M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 Account by Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory, September 1995 D.D. Vonberg for 50th Anniversary of the From Acc 1200. ‘Thoughts by Sir Martin Ryle, FRS, on War and Peace’ Account L. manuscript notes by Ryle, n.d. transcribed by Brettingham, from rough From Acc 1200. Miscellaneous correspondence re interviews etc From Acc 788/57, Acc 1125, Acc 1183. Entries for biographical directories 1974-1981, n.d. 1965, 1976, n.d. From Acc 788/61 and Acc 1183. by M. See also F.183. A.72-A.85 a the a_ Carlos Chagas, President [1983]-1985 light after Ryle’s death. ‘Martin Ryle’s last testament’ in Martin Ryle’s Letter, Menard Press, 1985 Some duplicate material has been discarded. letter from ‘Martin Ryle’s Letter’ was Ryle’s reply to Pontifical Professor of The Academy of Sciences, sent to him in January 1983. It was first reply only came to published as the New Scientist, 14 February 1985 and then republished with an introduction personal It also appeared in memoir by Anthony Rudolf (publisher). Resurgence no the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. [1983] Photocopy of Ryle’s reply to Chagas Rowan-Robinson and 112 (see F.183) and a leaflet of From Acc 1183. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 New Scientist, 14 February 1985, featuring ‘Martin Ryle’s last testament’ From Acc 1183. Miscellaneous found inside A.73. manuscript notes, correspondence etc 1981-1985 Includes ‘Scientist battled to keep the peace’, profile of Ryle in Cambridge Evening News, 19 November 1985, following publication of Martin Ryle’s Letter, and photocopy of ‘View from the bottom’, a response to Ryle’s letter, New Scientist, 11 April 1985. From Acc 1183. ‘Letters (about Scientist/Vatican Chagas Letter)’ replied to Martin & the New Ryle A.76-A.79 ‘4st’, July 1985 From Acc 788/58. From Acc 788/58 and Acc 788/59. Chiefly Contents of Lady Ryle’s envelope so inscribed. correspondence re posthumous invitations to to advise on Danish United Nations Association film on global problems, and to attend conference of the International Organization for the Study of Group Tensions. Drafts of ‘Introduction’ to Martin Ryle’s Letter by M. Rowan- Robinson inscribed: Contents correspondence with Rowan Robinson; copy of first draft with alterations by family members; second draft. Michael Rowan Robinson’s Draft ‘2nd Introductory Biography of Martin’ letters and re From Acc 788/59. A.77, A.78 of Lady Ryle’s envelope so __ 2 folders. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 From Acc 788/59. ‘3rd draft August 1985’ From Acc 788/58. ‘Correspondence with Anthony Rudolf (after Michael Rowan Robinson’ ‘84) and 1981-1985 Contents of Lady Ryle’s envelope so inscribed. Includes photocopies of responses to ‘Martin Ryle’s last testament’ in the New Scientist, 28 February and 7 March 1985; draft of Rudolf’s personal memoir of Ryle. 2 folders. From Acc 788/58. ‘My & other letters related to M.R.R.’s Intr. Biogr of M.’ Contents of Lady Ryle’s envelope so inscribed. From Acc 788/59. Contents of Lady Ryle’s envelope so inscribed. From Acc 788/58. ‘A. Rudolfs 1) Message [2) New Scientist piece (deleted)] 3) Letter’ From Acc 788/59. Includes ‘Martin’s definition of unilateralism’, used by the St Neot’s branch of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament. Also duplicates of material at A.2, A.3 and A.73. Miscellaneous biographical items found with Martin Ryle’s Letter material 1984, 1985 Published copy of Martin Ryle’s Letter From Acc 1128/3. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 A.86-A.101 Newspaper cuttings 1945-1978 Cuttings of biographical, scientific and historical interest. From Acc 769/12 and Acc 1183. A.86-A.92 ‘Newspaper cuttings = 26. Pt’ 1945-1961 At A.86 are 1945 cuttings Contents of folder so inscribed. At re contribution to the war effort of ‘boffins’, radar etc. reporting the announcement by A.90-A.92 are Ryle and his team of evidence to back the ‘Big Bang’ theory, February 1961, the arguments against from Hoyle, and subsequent discussion. cuttings 7 folders. From Acc 769/12. A.93-A.99 1948-1966 7 folders. of folder so_ inscribed: chiefly re_ From Acc 769/12. ‘Newspaper cuttings = 26. Pt Il. 1957-61 (plus one 1948)’ Cuttings duplicating those at A.86-A.92 have not been retained. Contents the announcement by Ryle and his team of evidence to back the ‘Big Bang’ theory in February 1961. Also includes coverage of Cambridge’s new radio astronomy telescope and work of Ryle tracking Soviet satellite, 1957. 1985-1998 Other newspaper cuttings Memorials and archives A.102-A.106 2 folders. From Acc 1183. A.100, A.101 1959-1978 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 From Acc 788/59, Acc 1128/1 and Acc 1200. A.102, A.103 Archives 1987-1998 See also A.34. From Acc 1128/1 and Acc 1200. Correspondence between Lady Ryle, Archives archives Centre others and re staff of Churchill Ryle’s of disposition 1987-1998 From Acc 1128/1 and Acc 1200. Correspondence re location of items in the Ryle archives 1987-1988 of talk 1958 Ryle’s concerns correspondence 10 February 1961 Bakerian The lecture and his to the Royal Astronomical Society ‘An examination of the steady-state model in the light of some recent observations of radio sources’. Ryle’s original manuscript draft of the latter was presented to Trinity College Cambridge. A copy is included here. on of Latin with plaque, English inscription From Acc 1200. From Acc 1200. Copy translation. Plaque, Chapel of Trinity College Cambridge ca 1983-1984 A note on the envelope by Lady Ryle records, ‘1987 - My feeling is that Martin’s scribble on this should be framed + go to Cavendish + be put up where it can be seen!’. Original manuscript of ‘Statement’ by Ryle beginning ‘Our world is one’ Folder also reflections by Ryle on back of card. includes short manuscript autobiographical Found with A.104. From Acc 1200. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 The Martin Ryle Trust, Scientists Against Nuclear Arms (SANA) The Trust was established auspices of SANA. by M.J. Pentz under the From Acc 788/59. A.107-A.189 EDUCATION A.107-A.123 early 1930s- 1948 early 1930s- 1936 Ryle attended Gladstone’s Preparatory School in London before going on to Bradfield College, Berkshire at the age of 13: This material is chiefly science notebooks from Ryle’s time at Bradfield College. Many have loose notes intercalated within them. 1931x1936 hardback notebook inscribed inside front cover Red HianioO Used for chemistry notes. From Acc 769/29, Acc 769/30 and Acc 1128/2. Hardback notebook inscribed ‘Botany’ on front cover 1931x1936 Used for chemistry notes, chiefly on salts. Red hardback notebook From Acc 769/30. From Acc 769/30. From Acc 769/30. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 Red hardback notebook Used for chemistry notes. From Acc 769/30. Red hardback notebook Used for chemistry notes. Loose referring to Ryle’s plans for the future. two manuscript back are at 1931x1936 1931x1936 notes apparently From Acc 769/30. Green hardback ‘Physics Book’ inscribed on ‘1.10.35 Wireless & Electrical Experiments, & Circuits’ first page At back is suppliers. list of ‘Adresses’ [sic] of electrical equipment From Acc 769/29. 1935x1936 1931x1936 Book’ inscribed on head ‘1 From Acc 769/33. From Acc 769/29. Green hardback ‘Physics Electricity (I)’ Green hardback ‘Physics Book’ inscribed on head ‘General Physics’ and inside ‘Sc: VIth’ 1931x1936 Green hardback ‘Physics Electricity (I1)’ Green hardback ‘Physics Book’ inscribed on head ‘3 Light’ From Acc 769/29. Book’ inscribed on From Acc 769/29 1931x1936 head ‘2 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 Green hardback ‘Physics Book’ inscribed on head ‘4 Heat’ 1931x1936 Also contains notes on Gases. From Acc 769/29. Book’ inscribed on head ‘5 1931x1936 Green hardback ‘Physics Properties of matter’ Most pages not used. From Acc 769/29. Green hardback ‘Physics Practical’ Book’ inscribed on head ‘6 ca 1935 Used for physics practicals. Some work from Spring term 1935. From Acc 769/29. From Acc 769/30. Higher School Certificates From Acc 1128/2. 1931x1936 Essay on resonance From Acc 769/30. A.120, A.121 Contents of binder Divided into two for ease of reference. Includes timetable; chemistry notes; question sheets for Senior Mathematics. 1934-1936 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 A.124-A.189 University 1936-1948 entered Ryle He graduated with First Class Honours in Physics in 1939 and received his MA in 1943. See also A.225. Church, Oxford, Christ 1936. in A.124-A.159 Notebooks 1936-1940, 1948 Science notebooks from College, within them. Most are undated. Oxford. Ryle’s time at Many have loose notes Christ Church intercalated The series begins with general physics and chemistry notebooks and the remainder are presented in alphabetical order by topic (as far as possible). Hardback notebook inscribed ‘General physics (Kealey)’ on front cover ca 1936 From Acc 769/32. 19.1.37’ on front ‘Physics From Acc 769/33. From Acc 769/31. Hardback notebook labelled cover and ‘Physics |’ on spine Hardback notebook labelled ‘Physics II’ on front cover and ‘Physics A’ on spine 1937x1939 Hardback notebook labelled ‘Physics A2 B’ on front cover and ‘Physics [illegible]’ on spine Hardback notebook inscribed ‘A3 (Collie)’ inside front cover From Acc 769/31. From Acc 769/32. 1937x1939 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 Hardback notebook inscribed first page ‘Practical (Clarendon)’ on Much intercalated material throughout. From Acc 769/34. Hardback notebook labelled ‘Chemistry 19.1.37’ on front cover and ‘Chemistry |’ on spine From Acc 769/33. Hardback notebook labelled ‘Chem: II’ on front cover 1937x1939 From Acc 769/33. Hardback notebook labelled ‘Pract. Chem 19.1.37’ on front cover and ‘Pract. Chem’ on spine From Acc 769/31. From Acc 769/33. From Acc 769/32. ‘Crystallography on_ front 1936x1939 Used for notes on electricity. Hardback notebook inscribed ‘A.C.’ on front cover Hardback notebook labelled cover 1936x1939 Hardback notebook inscribed ‘Electricity. Practical’ on front cover Much intercalated material throughout. Hardback notebook inscribed ‘Electricity & Magnetism 1936x1939 1936x1939 From Acc 769/33. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 (Prof. Townsend)’ on front cover From Acc 769/32. Hardback notebook inscribed ‘Abraham Elect. Jeans ?’ inside front cover & Mag. 1936x1939 Used for notes on electricity and magnetism. From Acc 769/32. Hardback Magnetism)’ on first page notebook inscribed ‘Practical (Electricity & Much intercalated material throughout. From Acc 769/33. Softback notebook 1936x1939 From Acc 769/32. Used for notes ?on electricity practical work. From Acc 769/34. Hardback notebook inscribed ‘Electricity in Gases’ on front cover 1936x1939 Included in the material intercalated is a manuscript notice for the Oxford University Physical Society, by Ryle. 1936x1939 Hardback notebook inscribed ‘Electromagnetism’ on first page Hardback notebook inscribed ‘Infrared Spectroscopy’ on front cover Loose at front are jottings on verso of Royal Astronomical Society 1948 Committee membership list. From Acc 769/31. 1936x1939, 1948 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 From Acc 769/31. Hardback notebook Used for notes on Light. From Acc 769/31. 1936x1939 Hardback notebook inscribed ‘Magnetism’ on front cover 1936x1939 From Acc 769/34. Hardback notebook 1936x1939 Used for notes on mathematical physics. From Acc 769/32. From Acc 769/31. From Acc 769/31. 1936x1939 1936x1939 Hardback notebook inscribed ‘Meteorological Physics’ on front cover 1936x1939 Hardback notebook inscribed ‘Nuclear Quantum + Wave- Mechanics’ on front cover Hardback notebook inscribed ‘Nuclear Physics’ on front cover 1936x1939 Notes at rear on ‘Kinetic theory’. From Acc 769/31. Hardback notebook inscribed ‘Optics’ on front cover From Acc 769/33. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 Hardback Photoelectricity’ on first page notebook inscribed ‘Photometry & 1936x1939 From Acc 769/31. Hardback notebook 1936x1939 Used at front for notes on ‘Rhombic array’. At back are notes taken at ‘Signal School 12/12/39’. From Acc 769/33. Hardback notebook inscribed ‘Spectroscopy’ on first page 1936x1939 From Acc 769/32. Hardback notebook inscribed ‘Theoretical Physics (Collie)’ on first page 1936x1939 1936x1939 From Acc 769/32. Most pages not used. From Acc 769/33. Used at the back for ‘Transformations of partial differential coefficients of the first order’. Hardback notebook inscribed ‘Thermodynamics’ on front cover 1936x1939 Used for notes on experiments on specific heat of copper at low temperatures, and light. Hardback notebook inscribed ‘Valves & Valve circuits’ on first page 1936x1939 From Acc 769/34. Hardback notebook Most pages not used. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 From Acc 769/34. Hardback notebook Used for physics notes. From Acc 769/34. Hardback notebook Used for physics notes. Most pages not used. From Acc 769/31. 1936x1939 1936x1939 Softback notebook 1936x1939 Most pages not used. From Acc 769/32. ‘K.G. Budden. St John’s 1939-1940 Intercalated Cambridge Library physics, dated November 1939. material includes Ryle’s application to University research for on Hardback notebook inscribed College Cambridge’ inside front cover Used from 25 November 1939-February 1940. Most notes in Budden’s hand, a few later notes in Ryle’s hand. Loose at front are Clarendon Laboratory test papers Hilary Term 1939. 1936-1939 Contents of envelope so inscribed by Lady Ryle. ‘Some of Martin’s Oxford (Student) papers’ use radio A.160-A.166 From Acc 769/32. From Acc 769/35. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 A.160-A.165 Manuscript notes, jottings etc 6 folders. Oxford memberships, etc memorabilia re academic’ studies, club A.167-A.170 Contents of binder 1936x1939 Physics essays by Ryle. marked. Most of the essays have been 4 folders. From Acc 769/30. A.171-A.175 Contents of ring binder titled ‘Martin’s book’ 21936x1939 The title is in Lady Ryle’s hand. A.176, A.177 21936x1939 2 folders. From Acc 769/34. 5 folders. From Acc 788/60. Contents of ring binder Manuscript notes on mechanics, elasticity, viscosity etc. Manuscript notes, jottings etc on physics and mathematics. From Acc 1183. Manuscript sheets Contents of ring binder notes on chemistry; duplicated typescript A.178-A.188 ?1936x1939 11 folders. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 Miscellaneous documentation official University and College 1936-1945 Includes entrance, College dues, graduation and MA. From Acc 769/27, Acc 769/35, Acc 788/60 and Acc 1128/2. A.190-A.331 CAREER, HONOURS AND AWARDS 1939-1984 Appointment to and service with Establishment Establishment) (later Telecommunications Air Ministry Research Research 1939-1945 From Acc 769/16, Acc 788/60 and Acc 1128/2. ICI Fellowship 1945, 1947 Also includes rough draft of application letter to Institution of Electrical Engineers for Associate Member status. Hamilton Prize for 1947 From Acc 769/3. From Acc 788/60 and Acc 1128/2. Ryle received this Cambridge University prize for radio research jointly with D.D. Vonberg. Ryle successfully applied for an ICI Fellowship to study at Cambridge. He resigned the Fellowship in 1947 on his appointment as Lecturer. Ryle’s citation records that he was ‘Leader of a research team which has obtained results of the greatest importance in radio astronomy. Distinguished for his work both on the theoretical and experimental sides. By ingenious design of simple aerial arrangements and by using phase-switch methods has obtained very high resolving power with his Michelson-type inferometer for locating radio stars. Fertile in new ideas both for elegant and simple experimental devices, and for new theories of the origin of the radiations, A.192-A.196 Fellowship of the Royal Society M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 this he has obtained world-wide recognition as a leading expert in In charge of group responsible for design of radar jamming equipment for Bomber Command during the last war.’ interesting and important branch of science. From Acc 769/13. Notes of newly elected Fellows etc., newspaper cutting, list of letters sent in reply to congratulations A.193-A.196 Letters of congratulation With drafts of Ryle’s replies to some. Retained in order found, not indexed. 4 folders. A.197-A.199 Royal Society Hughes Medal for 1954 From Acc 769/13 and Acc 769/27. Not indexed. From Acc 769/27. Announcement From Acc 769/27. Ryle received the Hughes Medal ‘for his distinguished and original experimental researches in radio astronomy’. three-year delay in the award of the prize. Disruption caused by the Second World War had caused a Cambridge Philosophical Society Hopkins Prize for 1954 Letters of congratulation Drafts of letters of reply From Acc 769/13. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 From Acc 769/27. Appointment to Chair in Radio Astronomy, University of Cambridge Letters of congratulation. Not indexed. From Acc 769/13. Royal Astronomical Society Gold Medal From Acc 788/58 and Acc 1183. US National Academy of Sciences Henry Draper Medal Ryle was unable to collect the prize in person. collected on his behalf by E.C. Bullard. It was From Acc 1183. Institute Holweck Prize of Physics and Société Physique de Frangais The Prize was presented at the meeting of the Société Physique de Frangais, September 1965. Includes typescript of Ryle’s paper ‘Radio Galaxies’ and group photograph of the meeting at the Observatoire de Haute Provence (includes Ryle). From Acc 788/54, Acc 788/61 and Acc 1128/2. A.205-A.217 Knighthood, 1966 A.205 Arrangements for investiture See also K.150. From Acc 769/9, Acc 788/61 and Acc 1183. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 A.206-A.213 Letters of congratulation Retained in order found, not indexed. 8 folders. From Acc 769/27. A.214-A.216 Letters of congratulation to Lady Ryle Contents of two envelopes. Not indexed. 3 folders. From Acc 788/54. Menu for Dinner in Honour of Ryle given by the Mullard Company, 18 October 1966 The menu is signed on the back by those present. From Acc 769/27. From Acc 769/15. 1967-1968 of speech on See also D.24, K.151-K.153. University of Strathclyde, Honorary Doctor of Science, 1968 Correspondence and programme, draft behalf of the graduands, list of publications. Foreign Member, Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and Letters, 1968 From Acc 1183. Appointment for 1968. Ryle served as Professor for only one year. Professor of Astronomy, City University, 1968, 1969 From Acc 1183. Gresham’s London M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 Establishment of Martin Ryle Society, Bradfield College From Acc 1183. A.222-A.225 Honorary Doctor of Science, University of Oxford, 1969 1945, 1968- 1969 From Acc 788/58. Invitation and correspondence 1968-1969 Programme for encaenia, 25 June and related events Addresses for honorary graduands and Oratio Creweiana In English and in Latin. 1945, 1969 1970-1971 American Academy of Arts and 1970-1971 Degree certificates Correspondence, certificate. BA, MA (1945) and DSc (1969). Foreign Sciences, 1970 Member, Also includes certificate of attendance at Christ Church (1945). 1969-1971 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Morris N. Liebmann Memorial Prize Award Institution of Electrical Engineers Faraday Medal, 1971 A.228-A.230 From Acc 1183. Correspondence. From Acc 1183. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 The Liebmann Award was for ‘Important contributions to radio and allied arts recognized during the preceding three calendar years’. his contributions in applying aperture synthesis to extend the capabilities of radio telescopes, thereby increasing man’s knowledge of the Universe’. He received it at the AGM of the UK and Ireland Section, London, 11 February 1971. It was presented to Ryle, ‘For 1969-1970 From Acc 769/19 and Acc 1183. Correspondence From Acc 1183. Manuscript draft of speech of thanks. From Acc 1183. Programme; announcement in IEE News From Acc 769/19 and Acc 1183. 1971, 1977 the radio Medal ‘For his interferometer A.231, A.232 received of Michelson Medal, Franklin Fellow and Albert A. From Acc 769/27 and Acc 1183. Life Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA of development Ryle in techniques measurement, his particular the techniques of aperture synthesis; for preparation of charts of radio sources of greatly improved resolution and accuracy; and for his scientific leadership’. It was received on his behalf by the British Consul General in Philadelphia at the Institute’s Medal Day Dinner on 20 October 1971 on which occasion Ryle was also elected Life Fellow. 1971,.1977 Letter of 1977 encloses membership card. Includes portrait photograph of Ryle. From Acc 769/27 and Acc 1183. Correspondence M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 Medal citation, Life Fellow membership certificate From Acc 769/27 and Acc 1183. A.233, A.234 Foreign Member and A.S. Popov Gold Medal, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, 1971 1968-1972 Ryle was elected to the Academy of Sciences of the USSR in 1971 and awarded the Popov Medal the same year. He received the Medal at a formal ceremony at the Soviet Embassy. Correspondence re arrangements. 2 folders. From Acc 788/58 and Acc 1183. A.235-A.242 Astronomer Royal, 1972 1972, 1973, 1982 Ryle succeeded Sir Richard Woolley as Astronomer Royal. He retired from the post in 1982. From Acc 788/54 and Acc 1183. Appointment as Astronomer Royal From Acc 1183. Retained in order found, not indexed. 6 folders. From Acc 788/54. A.236-A.241 Letters of congratulation etc Clockmakers, 1972 Copy of letter from Ryle informing the Prime Minister of his retirement from the post from September 1982 Freeman and Liveryman of the Worshipful Company of 1972-1973 From Acc 1183. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 A.246-A.248 Biographical, A.1-A.424 Invitation to become a member of the Company. From Acc 1183. Honorary Member, Radio Society of Great Britain From Acc 1183. Honorary Member, Royal Astronomical Society of Canada, 1973 From Acc 1183. Honorary University, Torun, Poland, 1973 Doctor Science, of Nicolaus Copernicus From the late 1950s Ryle had advised the University on radio-astronomical large interferometer for its Observatory. building work and on _ a_ From Acc 1183. From Acc 788/58 and Acc 1128/1. Correspondence re arrangements From Acc 788/58, Acc 1128/1 and Acc 1183. Programmes in English and Polish, citation, etc The award was received on Ryle’s behalf by the British Ambassador to Poland. From Acc 1183. Two photographs of award ceremony; one of student of Ryle’s. Three photographs, inscribed on back a Polish M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 A.249-A.251 Royal Society Royal Medal for 1973 1973-1974 Ryle received the award for his ‘distinguished contributions to radio astronomy’. From Acc 769/27. Correspondence re arrangements 1973-1974 A.250, A.251 Letters of congratulation Retained in order found, not indexed. 2 folders. Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Catherine Wolfe Bruce Gold Medal 1973-1974 Ryle received this Medal from Geoffrey Burbidge during the course of a Conference on Origin and Abundances of Chemical at of Astronomy, August 1974. Cambridge Elements Institute the Deutsche Akademie der Naturforscher 1974, 1977 is Medal 1 folder, 1 box. From Acc 1183. 325th Anniversary A.253, A.253A commemorating A.253A (1977). From Acc 1200, Acc 1183. Member, Leopoldina, Cambridge Honorary President, Astronomical Society of Glasgow From Acc 1183. Honorary Member, Trinity Mathematical See also H.1. Society, M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 Invitation to become a member. From Acc 1183. Honorary Fellow, Institute of Physics 1974 From Acc 1127 and Acc 1183. A.257-A.319 Nobel Prize for Physics, 1974 1963-1984 Duplicate material (e.g. typescripts and printed copies of Ryle’s Nobel Lecture) has not been retained. The 1974 Nobel Prize for Physics was awarded to Ryle and Antony Hewish ‘for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars’. From Acc and Acc 1183. From Acc 1183. 2 folders. From Acc 788/54 and Acc 1183. Nomination 1963-1968 A.258, A.259 Announcement and arrangements Ryle appears to have been first considered as a possible recipient in 1963. 1974-1975 Ryle was advised by his doctor not to travel to Sweden for the prize-giving on 10 December. The prize was received on his behalf by Hewish who also read his Lecture. Ryle also received and declined invitations to associated events in Sweden. Biographical statement and list of scientific papers A.260-A.262 Biographical information From Acc 788/54 and Acc 1183. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 From Acc 1183. Russian language biographies of Ryle and Hewish From Acc 788/54. Photographs Photographs of Ryle, Hewish, Ryle and Hewish together, and the Mullard Observatory. 7 photographs. From Acc 1183. A.263-A.286 Letters of congratulation 1974-1975 These were found a number of separate folders, envelopes and loose. Some have carbon copies of Ryle’s replies. in Not indexed. 3 folders. From Acc 788/54. A.263-A.265 ‘Answered’ ‘Some Nobel letters’ From Acc 788/54, Acc 788/61 and Acc 1183. From Acc 788/54. ‘Nobel prize letters’ A.267, A.268 2 folders. From Acc 788/54. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 A.269-A.272 ‘Needing answer (Nobel)’ 4 folders. From Acc 788/54. Hand-drawn card of congratulation citing Patrick Moore, ‘It isn’t really a telescope’ From Acc 788/61. A.274-A.276 ‘Nobel’ 3 folders. From Acc 1183. A.277-A.284 ‘Nobel filing’ 8 folders. From Acc 1183. 2 folders. From Acc 1183. A.287-A.304 Nobel Lecture A.285, A.286 Loose letters From Acc 769/9. Ryle’s Nobel lecture was titled, ‘Radio telescopes of large resolving power’ and reviewed the history of and progress at Cambridge. It was in field, Much of the delivered in material the lecture. From Acc 769/9, Acc 788/54 and Acc 1183. the subsequent publication focusing Ryle’s absence by Hewish. work on 1974-1976, 1984 relates to of the Manuscript draft M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 Typescript draft From Acc 1183. A.289-A.291 Prepublication copy and proofs Lecture as published by the Nobel 3 folders. From Acc 1183. Copy of Foundation Nobel From Acc 1183. Figures From Acc 1183. From Acc 1183. From Acc 1183. publication by the Royal Swedish Correspondence re publication in Science Correspondence re Physics Correspondence re Academy of Sciences From Acc 788/54 and Acc 1183. Correspondence re in including copy of ‘shortened version’. publication in Reviews of Modern publication Europhysics News, 1974-1975 From Acc 1183. 1974-1755 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 Correspondence re publication of extracts in Adventures in Experimental Physics, be included of pieces to including drafts From Acc 1183. Shorter unidentified publication typescript version of Nobel Lecture ?for 1974/1975 From Acc 1183 Manuscript draft ‘The 5km R.T. 15 Oct. 1974’ Found with Nobel Lecture material and probably used in the writing of it. From Acc 1183. Manuscript notes From Acc 1183. From Acc 1183. 1975-1976 1976, 1984 Correspondence re publication. Chinese and Japanese language editions of lecture Swedish language and Czech language editions of lecture Found with Nobel Lecture material and probably used in the writing of it. 1975, 1976 Correspondence re Japanese edition, copy of Chinese edition sent to Lady Ryle in 1984 From Acc 788/54 and Acc 1183. Russian language edition of lecture Correspondence, published copy. From Acc 1183. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 A.305-A.309 Newspaper cuttings 5 folders. From Acc 769/27 and Acc 1183. A.310-A.318 Correspondence and papers arising 1974-1983 From Acc 1183. Requests for photographs A.311-A.314 Requests for autographs 4 folders. Cambridge celebrations 1974-1979 1974-1979 A.317, A.318 Miscellaneous letters and invitations arising Visit to Cambridge by the King of Sweden, 12 July 1975 1974-1975 The visit included a tour of the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory. See also C.513. Invitation to supper at University Centre, 8 January; speech in Ryle’s honour at the ‘annual Trinity College Nobel Prize party’, January; correspondence re reception at Cambridge Guildhall, 27 February. 1974-1983 Includes note by Ryle on possible distribution of Nobel Prize money; photographs of Ryle and Hewish. Correspondence re arrangements. 2 folders. Miscellaneous From Acc 769/27, Acc 788/54 and Acc 1183. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 Foreign Associate, US National Academy of Sciences Includes autobiographical outline. From Acc 1183. Honorary Life Member, New York Academy of Sciences 1975-1976 From Acc 1183. Academician, Pontifical Academy of Sciences Includes French and list of papers. autobiographical information in English and From Acc 769/27 and Acc 1183. Institute of Measurement and Control Sir George Thomson Gold Medal for 1978 Dr Bruce From Acc 1183. the Albert Einstein Society, Karachi, From Acc 1183. Membership of Pakistan, 1982 Foreign Fellow, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei, Italy The Medal was received on Ryle’s behalf by Elsmore. From Acc 1183. Honorary Member, Kungliga Sdallskapet (Royal Society), Sweden From Acc 1183. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 Retirement from Professorship From Acc 1183. Honorary Telecommunication Engineers, India Fellowship, Institution From Acc 769/27. Honours declined From Acc 1183. of Electronics and 1969, 1970 Honorary degrees declined 1974-1977 From Acc 1183. Letters of congratulation for unidentified awards 1956, 1958 From Acc 1183. A.332-A.345 DIARIES From Acc 769/37 and Acc 1128. For diary 1950-1951 see D.62. With the exception of A.333, all are pocket diaries. 1941-1975 Heffer’s Diary 1947-8 Collins Diary 1941 From Acc 769/37. From Acc 769/37. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 Collins Diary 1949 From Acc 769/37. Cambridge 1952-1953 From Acc 1128. Cambridge 1953-1954 From Acc 769/37. Cambridge 1955-1956 From Acc 1128. Cambridge 1956-1957 From Acc 769/37. From Acc 1128. Cambridge 1959-1960 From Acc 1128. From Acc 769/37. Cambridge 1958-1959 Cambridge 1957-1958 From Acc 1128. Cambridge 1960-1961 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 Cambridge 1962-1963 From Acc 769/37. Cambridge 1965-1966 From Acc 1128. Cambridge 1974-1975 From Acc 769/37. A.346-A.368 FAMILY 1920s-1994, n.d. See also A.5. A.346-A.350 early 1920s- 1940s ‘The Botany Book’ early 1920s The envelope was also inscribed ‘Ask Anthony M’s wasp + marmite stories! (+ others)’. Contents of Lady Ryle’s envelope so inscribed. ‘Martin’s early letters + holiday diary 1924 (from among his mother’s things)’ 1941-1945 Letters written while an undergraduate 1936x1939 Letters written from Bradfield College 1931x1936 From Acc 1128/2. Holiday diary 15 August-14 September 1924 Wartime letters M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 Correspondence with parents 1930s-n.d. Includes letters home from school. From Acc 1128/2 Correspondence from J.A. Ryle, father From Acc 769/2 and Acc 769/3. A.353-A.357 Correspondence from M. Ryle, mother 1945-1979 5 folders. From Acc 769/2, Acc 769/3, Acc 788/50, Acc 788/61, Acc 1128/3 and Acc 1183. Biography of J.A. Ryle A.359-A.365 7 folders. From Acc 769/27. and Humanism’, ‘Moral note ‘Essays by John Ryle From Acc 1128/3. Essays by J.A. and J.C. Ryle Found (Martin’s father) c 1949’. in envelope with The drafts and published pieces A.359-A.361 seem to have been intended as chapters in a book of essays by They are philosophical in tone and J.A. Ryle (father). include ‘Science Diathesis’, ‘Juvenile crime: the study of causes’ and reports of the Institute of Social Medicine, Oxford. A.362-A.365 is ‘Some medical aspects of fear, Ryle (elder brother) written on wartime observations on board Royal Navy vessels. Obituary of J.A. Ryle, British Medical Journal, 11 March 1950 a thesis by J.C. From Acc 769/16. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 Poems by Lady Ryle 1965, 1967 Includes manuscript of ‘My love song for Martin’. From Acc 1128/1. Miscellaneous items from children and grandchildren From Acc 788/53 and Acc 1128/1. A.369-A.380 PERSONAL CORRESPONDENCE 1945-1987 A.369-A.375 Correspondence to Robert Reynolds 1945-1984 Reynolds was a friend of Martin’s from his undergraduate days at Oxford. In reverse chronological order. Includes a little posthumous correspondence. In chronological order. 4 folders. 7 folders. From Acc 1128/1. A.376-A.379 Miscellaneous personal correspondence 1945-1987, The letters chiefly report on work, family, holidays and other domestic news. n.d. From Acc 788/50, Acc 788/58, Acc 1125, Acc 1128/2 and Acc 1183. Includes manuscript copy of Martin’s letter to ‘Byph and Graham’ outlining some of his philosophy, 1982. Drafts of letters etc From Acc 1128/2. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 A.381-A.389 AMATEUR RADIO 1936-1966, n.d. Ryle was an enthusiastic amateur radio ‘ham’ in the 1930s with the call sign G3CY. As an undergraduate he was a leading member of the Oxford University Wireless Society (call sign G3MM). ‘Log Book of Amateur Radio Station G3CY. From 12 Jun 1938’ 1938-1949 Used June 1938-August 1939 and February 1948-May 1949. From Acc 1183. Call sign cards and other material found at front of Log book (A.381). 1948-1951 From Acc 1183. From Acc 1128/2. From Acc 788/60. Senior Physics suitability Ryle’s Master, for a Bradfield From Acc 788/58, Acc 788/60 and Acc 1128/2. Certificates of membership of the American Radio Relay League College, Letter from confirming wireless transmitting licence; certificate of election to the Incorporated Radio Society of Great Britain, November 1936 1966 Radio Amateur Call Book Magazine. Winter 1938-1939 From Acc 788/58 and Acc 1128/2. Call sign cards 1938, 1939, 1938-1942 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 Commercial literature From Acc 788/60, Acc 1128/2. Miscellaneous material 1938-1955 Includes badge from ‘Inventory of...effects removed from Wireless Room, 5 Herschel Road to storage’, May 1942. convention 1938, and From Acc 788/60, Acc 1125, and Acc 1128/2. Glass photographic slide showing Ryle’s radio transmitter From Acc 1128/2. A.390-A.402 SAILING See also D.12. 1950s-1983, n.d. Some loose material intercalated. From Acc 769/37. Hardback notebook 1959-1968 From Acc 769/37, Acc 788/52, Acc 788/58, Acc 1200 and Acc 1183. Used from the front for notes, chiefly re construction of experimental hydrofoil, from September 1959. At the back are notes on radio source work. From Acc 1183. ‘Avocet and Triton - two trimaran designs’ by Martin Ryle and Anthony Ryle Avocet was designed by Ryle, Triton by his brother. Typescript draft. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 ‘Avocet and Triton’, Outriggers 1959 This was publication number 29 of the Amateur Yacht Research Society. Avocet features on the cover. Published version of A.391. From Acc 788/45. Update for members of Society on progress with Avocet the Amateur Yacht Research Typescript draft. From Acc 788/58. ‘Martin’s boats. Letter & articles and ideas’ 1961-1962 of envelope Contents Ryle: correspondence and notes chiefly re design and trials of Avocet. inscribed Lady by so From Acc 788/52. 1964-1966 1952-1983, n.d. From Acc 788/58 and Acc 1183 Contents of envelope so inscribed by Lady Ryle. Correspondence re sailing interests and boat design ‘Letters from Radhakrishna sailing in Cygnus A 1964-66’ From Acc 788/52 and Acc 1183. Contents of envelope so inscribed by Lady Ryle. Miscellaneous manuscript notes on boats ‘Some Trimaran plans’ 1961, 1965 From Acc 1183. From Acc 788/52. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 A.399-A.402 Background material A.399-A.401 are Saunders-Roe Ltd reports on hydrofoil design. 4 folders. From Acc 788/52 and Acc 1200. A.403-A.414 PROPERTY AND FINANCE A.403-A.405 Finance 1939-1983, n.d. 1939-1976 Miscellaneous notes etc on finances 1939-1976 From Acc 788/60 and Acc 1200. From Acc 1200. From Acc 769/16, Acc 788/60 ‘Accounts’ 1947-1949 Income tax material 1942-1954 Notebook used for household accounts 1947-1949. First pages previously used for elementary music notes by ‘John Palmer’. n.d. From Acc 788 (unlisted), Acc 788/49, Acc 788/58 and Acc AQT 3 folders (chiefly work on 5 Herschel Road in 1946-1949) A.406-A.410 5 Herschel Road 1945-1983, A.406-A.414 Property 1945-1983, n.d. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 and 2 rolls (plan of part of 5 Herschel Road, A.409, and design of kitchen interior A.410). 5 Herschel Road was originally owned by Ryle’s father. 1946 it was divided into flats. Ryle retained 5A. In From Acc 788 (unlisted), Acc 788/49, Acc 788/58 and Acc AZT. ‘Rifle Range Inquiry May ‘83’ envelope Contents correspondence development on site of Old Rifle Range, Grange Road. proposed inscribed papers Lady and so by re of Ryle: housing From Acc 1127. A.412-A.414 Motor vehicles 1941-1968, n.d. Documents re purchase, insurance, repair of motor cycles and cars. 3 folders. HEALTH 1939-1944 A.415, A.416 From Acc 1127 and Acc 1183. From Acc 769/36, Acc 788/56, Acc 788/58, Acc 788/60, and Acc 1128/2. 1939, 1943 National Health & Pensions Insurance card 1939; Medical Card 1943 X-ray photographs of Ryle’s chest From Acc 1127. From Acc 1183. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 A.417-A.424 MEMORABILIA 1931-1961, n.d. From Acc 788/50, Acc 788/60 and Acc 1183. Boy Scouts Membership Card From Acc 1183. Electrotechnics. Game-Box of Science Electrotechnics by W. Le Gay Directions for the use of the Faraday From Acc 1183. Character references December 1936 for J.A. Ryle and Martin Ryle, Possibly for visit abroad. From Acc 1183. Slide Rule From Acc 1183. typescript. Two copies, each differently From Acc 788/60. Song of the Radio Group Originally belonging to J.F. Miller. Duplicated annotated by Ryle's children. From Acc 1183. Knott's Four Figure Mathematical Tables Annotated ‘Radio Grp Cav. Lab’. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Biographical, A.1-A.424 Four Figure Tables Annotated ‘The Astronomer Royal’s’. From Acc 1183. Miscellaneous manuscript notes Includes ‘Unusual Bronze Age find’, ‘Ray Allen’s sighting of EO: From Acc 788/50 and Acc 788/60. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 SECTION B WAR WORK, B.1-B.21 1940-1995 the team which research Ryle was recruited into the scientific war effort from the Laboratory, radio Cambridge, immediately after graduating from Oxford in 1939. During his time at the Telecommunications Research Establishment (TRE), he was concerned chiefly with radio counter-measures and deception. Cavendish of had joined he obtain information From June 1942 he was leader of Group 5 of the TRE Radio Countermeasure (RCM) Division, whose task it was to provide jamming transmitters for German radar. To about changes German radar operators might be able to make to avoid jamming, parts of German radar sets were analyzed, such as those of a Wurzburg radar station captured in the Bruneval raid in February 1942, ‘Wurzburg’ being the British code name for identified operating unit. the device prior to capture of first the not in Among other things Ryle’s war work involved him in the electronic simulation of a mock invasion, misleading the Germans into believing that the main D-Day invasion Straits would be across the of Dover. These efforts played a in the success of the Normandy landings in June 1944. vital role ‘for use softback paginated, notebooks, From Acc 769/36. Inscribed ‘M. Ryle’ on front cover Royal Air Force Rough Notebooks Used for notes on experiments re yagi antenna, etc. 10 Laboratories and Workshops’. 1940x1945 Starts 30/7/41. Used from front and back for notes and drawings of ?circuit diagrams etc. Used for notes and calculations, including an intercalated sheet dated 8/10/40 with a table re ‘50 cm C.H.L. Array’. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 War work, B.1-B.21 Inscribed ‘KT 66’ and ‘807’ on front cover, drawing of circuit diagram on back. Used for notes on ‘AIS Monitor MkIl’, ‘AIS Monitor Type A’ and ‘Type B’. Includes intercalated material re ‘Mk IV Receiver’ and notes echo’, ‘Reversible Yagi’, ‘ASV Receiver’, ‘Al Receiver’ etc. ‘Reinartz ‘Artificial double loop’, re Includes diagram of plane showing location of equipment, notes and drawings re ‘Modulator’, ‘Junction Box’ etc. Also used from back Includes notes on ‘“?Magnetron’ Used for notes, drawings and calculations 1943-1953 missing. Used chiefly for drawings (circuit Air Force Navigator's, Air Bomber’s and Air Cover diagrams etc.). Used chiefly for drawings. Some intercalated material ‘Royal Gunner's Flying Log Book’ Hardback notebook (blue), inscribed ‘M. Ryle 1944-45’ on front cover. Notes inside back cover list types of aircraft. Sample of stationary used at the Telecommunications Entries run from 12 December 1943 to addition, including Astronomical Union (IAU) in Rome, Italy. 7 July 1945. In thereafter, International ‘American Laboratory’ Ryle continued to 1953 the From Acc 769/36. record of flights the 1942x1945 Laboratory of Radio Research to meeting British M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 War work, B.1-B.21 Research Establishment. From Acc 1183. Personal memories of the Battle of Britain Handwritten account and transcript (posthumous). Also includes a photograph. 1940x1945, 1995, n.d. 2 folders. From Acc 1128/3. Personal memories of the Normandy landings as_ only (one accounts photocopy) incomplete, other Handwritten preserved anti-radar component of the Normandy landings. Also includes a transcript with annotations in ?Rowena Ryle’s hand. Further includes notes by Ryle re the Oxford physicist D.A. Jackson, who distinguished himself in air defence during the war years. the the of 2 folders. From Acc 1183. From Acc 788/53. Timeline of the planning of the Normandy landings 2 copies. Also includes correspondence with D. Fairhall (the defence correspondent of the Guardian) re the range of B17 and B24 bombers. 1981, 1984 Ryle had acquired the equipment in question following a postwar visit in Denmark as a member of an assessment team. The captured equipment was offered to university research groups. Includes correspondence with Imperial War Museum and the Ministry of Defence re use for filming and transfer to museum facilities of historic radar equipment (including a Wirzburg). a German radar Correspondence 1972, 1979- to control centre M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 War work, B.1-B.21 2 folders. From Acc 788/61, Acc 1125 and Acc 1183. B.20, B.21 Miscellaneous material Includes TRE personnel lists and a copy of Radar. A Report on Science at War (1945). From Acc 769/36 and Acc 1125. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 SECTION C CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY, C.1-C.585 1946-1985 of end the Second World War, Ryle Following the returned to the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, to resume his research on the ionosphere. However, he soon shifted his interest to investigations of radio waves emitted radio astronomical research team. heavenly bodies, setting by up a_ 1948 he became a In He was subsequently Director of the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory (MRAO) 1957-1982 and Professor of Radio Astronomy 1959-1982. physics. lecturer in C.1-C.244 RADIO ASTRONOMY GROUP AT THE CAVENDISH LABORATORY C.245-C.529 CAMBRIDGE RADIO ASTRONOMIES C.530-C.548 CAVENDISH LABORATORY C.549-C.585 UNIVERSITY GENERAL C.238-C.244 C.32-C.92 C.93-C.102 Teaching C.1-C.244 CA-Gi7 C.8-C.31 1946-1985 Group meetings General material Governing Body meetings RADIO ASTRONOMY GROUP AT THE CAVENDISH LABORATORY Miscellaneous Future directions of radio astronomy Vacancies in Radio Astronomy Colloquia and seminars Research students Research grants C.201-C.215 C.216-C.222 C.234-C.237 C.103-C.200 C.223-C.233 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 General material Contents of a folder. From Acc 704 ‘RYLE 2’. 1956-1974, n.d. ‘The Radio Research Section of the Cavendish’ 1956-1974, n.d. with appendices Introduction, of Cavendish of October 1970 and 1974, ‘Lord’s Bridge call signs’ and ‘The One-Mile Telescope’. ‘Constitution Group’ Astronomy Laboratory Radio on 4 folders. Miscellaneous 1956-1968 ‘Rules for of 3 folders. in the radio section’, telescope 1957-1980 From Acc 1183. Governing Body meetings ‘Safety Includes precautions radio astronomy records’, ‘Literature in Mr Ratcliffe’s office’, ‘Radio section workshop and darkroom’. operators’, ‘Storage Material relating to meetings of the Radio Astronomy Section Governing Body. Notebooks and loose material. 1960 So inscribed on front cover. Hardback notebook, green. Not paginated, with intercalated material at entry for 9 February 1959 and inside back cover. Used to record research discussions about progress, instrument design, the Group’s publication schedule, lectures, administrative matters etc. 1 October 1957-26 April ‘Governing Body Decisions’ 1957-1962 Notebooks problems and _ M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 Red notebook Not paginated, Hardback notebook. intercalated material throughout and inside back cover. Used similarly to Intercalated material includes correspondence and detailed research notes. C.8. with C.10-C.31 Notes on Governing Body meetings with mostly material, typescript, Loose occasional annotations including list of distribution. In chronological order, as follows: 1962 (C.10), 1963 (C.11), 1964 (C.12), 1965 (C.13), 1968 (C.16, C.17), 1969 (C.18), 1970 (C.19), 1971 (C.20, C.21), 1972 (€:22; G23), 1975 (C.27, C.28), 1976 (C.29), 1977 (C.30) and 1980 (C.31). 1973 (C24), 1966 (C.14), 1967 (C.15), ©€26), (C:.25; 1974 At C.17 is extensive manuscript notes, mostly undated. There is no material dating from 1978 and 1979. 22 folders. 2 January 1960-8 March 1962 September 1962- December 1980 C.32-C.92 Group meetings 1960-1982, n.d. Group Meetings, 1960-1961 From Acc 1183 unless stated otherwise. Material (mostly typescript) relating to meetings of the Radio Astronomy Group. In chronological order. See also C.202-C.205, C.214, C.322-C.328. 1962, n.d. Notes and memoranda including ‘Discussion of optical identification the extra-galactic continuum’, ‘Meeting about bits and pieces’, ‘Notes on super on polarisation’, ‘Notes on digital circuitry’, ‘Notes on galactic spectrum’, ‘Notes on control tape programme’ (C.34), Typescript ‘Note on systems’ and ‘Radio stars and identification. A proposal’. the signal/noise ratio synthesis programme’ Group Meetings, 1962 of different ‘Discussion 1960, 1961 C.33-C.38 (C.33), work’, ‘Meeting ... on M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 tape reader’, ‘Meeting on electronic bits and pieces’, ‘Notes on low- frequency observations’ (C.35), ‘Notes on control panel and on EDSAC programmes’, ‘Meeting on 178 Mc/s programme’ (C.36), ‘Tests of new telescope equipment’, ‘Meeting on optical identification’, ‘Notes on electronic bits and pieces’ and ‘Notes on space programme’ (C.37). ‘Notes at Undated material low periodicity sections at the beginning and end of super synthesis’, and manuscript notes (not by Ryle) on ‘RF amplifier system’. postgraduate ‘Suggested lectures’, ‘Analysis includes C.38 of 6 folders. the EDSAC (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator) was electronic computer. It was built at the Cambridge Mathematical Laboratory and ran its first programme in May 1949. stored-program practical first C.39-C.48 Group meetings, 1963 21 is on by on on RF bits HiFi’, ‘Notes on of UK2’, ‘Meeting ‘Meeting ‘Analysis ‘Possible cm line use receiver’, of D.C. 178 Mc/s Notes and memoranda including ‘Notes on programme’, meeting’, ‘Polarization ‘Meeting on source papers’, ‘Meeting on circuit boxes’ (C.39), ‘Notes on EDSAC programmes’, ‘Supersynthesis test, February 1963’, ‘Meeting on RF components’ (C.40), ‘Notes on electronic ‘Notes on boxes’, classroom radio astronomy’, ‘Notes on 38 Mc/s aerial’ (C.41), ‘Notes on 178 Mc/s programme’, ‘Notes on RF bits and pieces’ (C.42), ‘Notes on equipment including DSIR application’ (C.43), and pieces’, ‘Re-equipping of workshop and replacement of electronic test equipment’ (C.44), aerial circuits’, ‘Brief notes on 178 Mc/s meeting’, ‘Notes on new aerial boxes’ (C.45), ‘21 cm hydrogen line receiver’, ‘Notes on 178 Mc/s super synthesis’, ‘Notes on galactic programme’, ‘New programming work’, ‘low frequency programme’, ‘178 programme’ (C.46), ‘Noise sources etc.’, ‘Lunar occultation’, ‘Data tapes’, ‘Notes on low noise amplifiers’, ‘Notes on low-frequency observations’ and ‘Notes on RF boxes’ (C.47). 10 folders. C.48 new telescope installation’, ‘Lunar occultation programmes’, ‘Notes on optical identification work’, ‘Synthesis tests’, correlation ‘Thoughts and ‘Arguments against Hoyle’s new theory’. quantized receivers’ including undated material ‘Notes on M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 C.49-C.54 Group meetings, 1964 1964, n.d. and radio ‘Penticton telescope’, Notes and memoranda, including ‘Notes on 178 Mc/s’, ‘Notes on diameter measurement with a pencil beam system’, ‘Notes on sidelobe computations’, note re D.W. Sciama’s galactic model for the sources and ‘Notes on 178 Mc/s T programme’ (C.49), ‘Notes on RF bits and pieces’, ‘New aerial programming problems’ (C.50), ‘Discussion of 4C paper’, ‘Notes on programming’, ‘Rail clearance etc.’, ‘Notes on ‘Discussion with electronic Havelock programming’, ‘Programming etc.’, ‘Discussion on radio sources’ and ‘Discussion on possible future programme’ (C.52), ‘Some thoughts heads’, ‘Occultation programme’ and ‘T programme’ (C.53), ‘Notes on future programmes’, ‘Notes on lunar occultation observations of the galactic centre region’, ‘Notes on RF components’ and ‘Two theoretical problems’ (C.54). boxes’ and polarization’, Clephan’, galactic (C.51), ‘Notes ‘Jobs’ and on_ on_- ‘RF 6 folders. C.55-C.62 Group meetings, 1965 future (C.57), programmes’ Notes and memoranda, including ‘Meeting [on] Log N Log S etc.’, ‘Optical identification’, ‘Notes on RF bits- and pieces’ and ‘Progress report on Log N/Log S’ (C.55), ‘Discussion on 81.5 Mc/s programmes’, ‘RF bits and pieces’ and ‘Meeting of programming’ (C.56), ‘First draft [-telescope operators etc.]’, ‘Draft: maintenance of the telescope’, ‘Meeting on research students’ and ‘Notes on 178 ‘New _ aerial programming’, ‘Hi-Fi records’, ‘[On the problems in the theory of extragalactic radio sources]’, ‘Analysis of Hi-Fi runs’, ‘CTA 102’ and ‘Control tape numbering’ (C.58), ‘Notes on 178 Mc/s T programme’, ‘RF bits and pieces’, ‘81.5 Mc/s aerials’, ‘Literature, etc. for Open Day’, ‘Notes on pointing accuracy’ and ‘The lease of Lord’s Bridge’ (C.59), ‘Programming’, ‘Post-graduate lectures next year’, ‘1407 work’, ‘Notes on Christmas Lectures’, ‘Notes on RF bits and pieces’ and ‘Meeting on spectra’ (C.60), ‘Discussion on 81.5 Mc/s systems’, ‘Nature of the flat spectrum sources in 839’, ‘Missing components in grating synthesis maps’ and ‘Notes on JEB/JRS aerial, RF etc.’ (C.61), ‘Notes on programming’, ‘The half-mile telescope, 7.12.65’, ‘RF bits and half-mile telescope, 13.12.65’ and ‘New aerial papers’ (C.62). ‘Discussion on identification parametric’, systems’, JEB/JRS 8 folders. pieces ‘The for M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 C.63-C.65 Group meetings, 1966 work’, including ‘Possible discussion’, memoranda, ‘Meeting programmes for on Notes and identification new research students’, ‘C.D. Mackay’, ‘178 Mc/s T papers’ and ‘Half-mile radio telescope, notes on aerial mounting’ (C.63), ‘Present state of identification’, ‘Grating sources’, problems ‘Identification ‘Easy discussion’ and phase stability bits: high- discussion on frequency analogue ‘Future computing needs’, ‘Aerial geometry’ and ‘[Note re letters to Nature re theoretical work inspired by the Jodrell paper]’ (C.65). held background methods of Mc/s discussion’ mile telescope observations’, synthesis (C.64), and ‘Discussion reduction’, ‘Thoughts 8.11.66’, RF on_ of one source ‘Radio ‘81.5 on 3 folders. C.D. Mackay was a research student. C.66-C.75 Group meetings, 1967 1967’, and ‘One the and ‘Grating matters’ surveys’ including ‘Methods _ identification ‘Discussion on of weak sources’, of 3C sources] (C.66), memoranda, rot’ [with ‘6 of Notes accelerating 9 rot’ referring to the angle of rotation], ‘2700/5000 Mc/s RF components’, ‘Notes on frequency multipliers’, ‘Memo: re buildings etc at Lord’s Bridge’ and ‘[Re analysis of extant information on the 9th structure February, mile telescope: grating source papers’ (C.67), ‘Repairs and improvements at Lord’s Bridge’ (C.68), ‘Memo: % mile telescope cable’, ‘The unfinished works of D.M.A.W.’, ‘Observing programme discussion - 8 March, 1967’ and ‘Notes on RF bits and pieces’ (C.69), ‘One mile telescope papers - meeting 15 March 1967’, ‘Notes on meeting 17.3.67: ‘Feed rotator (electronics), ‘Source structure papers’ and ‘One-mile telescope on 2700/5000 MHz system’, ‘Notes for paper on ‘uminosity function’, ‘Memo: Radio astronomy technical officers’ and ‘Half-mile/one-mile (C.71), ‘Progress meeting on 2700/5000 MHz system’, ‘Memo: [re image tube spectrograph for Isaac Newton (C.72), telescope]? ‘One-mile 1967’, ‘Sources: discussion of 18th October 1967’, ‘Sources: discussion of 1 November 1967’ and ‘Thoughts on the evolution minutes radio of ae. geometry’, ‘Source structure 10.11.67’, ‘Memo on meeting’, mile telescope [meeting]’ (C.74). mile telescope matters’ Oct-Dec and ‘One observing receiver discussion’ co-ordination programme: ‘Progress meeting’ sources’ meeting (C.70), and ‘One ‘Digital (C.73), ‘3 mile M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 C.75 is undated material, including ‘Grating programme - summer 1967’ and loose manuscript notes. 10 folders. C.76-C.79 Group meetings, 1968 for one day’s ‘One-mile observing’, Notes and memoranda, including ‘One mile telescope’, ‘A plea telescope observing programme’, ‘Progress meeting on 2700/5000 MHz system’ and ‘Recording systems for pulsars’ (C.76), ‘Source structure session’, ‘Radio source structure’, ‘One- mile (C.77), ‘Luminosity ‘A method for improving LO phase stability’ and ‘Detection of pulsars’ (C.78), ‘Scintillating discussion, 26.9.68’ and ‘Pulsar discussion - 2.10.68’ (C.79). observations’ etc.’, and ‘Pulsars’, ‘Clustering’ discussion functions 25.9.68’, ‘Pulsar GHz 5 - 4 folders. Includes material from Acc 769/15. and ‘On and ‘The radio including C.81-C.83 telescope’, memoranda, Group meetings, 1970 Group meetings, 1969 Notes and memoranda: ‘Supernova remnants-questions arising from a discussion on 4.3.69’, ‘Pulsar programme review’, ‘Maps from two-dimensional synthesis’ and ‘[Re 5 GHZ sources]’. 3 folders. Notes spectracon electronographic tube’, ‘Approximate characteristics of Cambridge of supersynthesis observing programme’ (C.81), ‘Preliminary allocation of research students’, 3C279/273 general relativity experiment, held on 30 July 1970’ and ‘Frequency multiplier investigation by (C.82), ‘Analogue synthesis’, ‘Future programme with Roger Whitcomb and a spectracon’, ‘Pulsars, Seyferts and radio galaxies’ and ‘Radio astronomy computing needs’ (C.83). the ‘Future telescopes’ ‘Discussion sensitivity proposed |1.D.G.G.’ of the M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 Group meetings, 1971 and memoranda: Notes ‘Radio astronomy research students meeting’ and ‘Meeting on the progress of RF bits for the half and one mile telescopes’. Group meetings, 1972 Notes and memoranda: ‘Visitors to Lord’s Bridge’, ‘Feed setting of aerial 1’, ‘5 km programme’ and ‘Extragalactic radio sources’. C.86, C.87 Group meetings, 1973 Notes and memoranda, including ‘Technical problems’, ‘5 km at 15 GHz’ and ‘Extragalactic radio sources’ (C.86), ‘5 km km telescope’ look: radio astrometrical instrument’ (C.87). receiver system the case for meeting’, ‘Forward ‘New and the for 5 a 2 folders. C.88-C.90 1974, n.d. 3 folders. radio 5 June ‘Bent ‘Summary: ‘SRC in Group meetings, 1974 memoranda, 73-Jan including 74’, components 33 grants-capital galaxies’, km’ and C.89 is undated notes, some manuscript. C.90 is a manuscript draft ‘Composite structure of extra-galactic radio sources’. Notes and calibrations expenditure’, ‘Meeting to discuss 5 Gc/s receivers for ‘Extragalactic radio sources’ (C.88). Notes and memoranda, including ‘1 cm meeting 13 June Notes and memoranda, including ‘15 GHz reduction etc.’, ‘Decisions and jobs’ and ‘Further thoughts on JEB’s ideas to wreck the 5 km!’. Group meetings, 1977-1982 1977-1982, n.d. Group meetings, 1976 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 1977’, [Use of the replacement of the horror’. 5 km control building’] and ‘The 5 km correlation by some digital C.93-C.102 Future directions of radio astronomy 1965-1982 Typescripts, in chronological order. From Acc 1183. ‘Long term plans at Cambridge’ 8 June 1965 Response to the Fleck Report on radio astronomy. extent The Fleck Report was the report of the Radio Astronomy Planning Committee appointed by the Lord President of the Council under the chairmanship of Lord Fleck, 1961- 1964. Its brief was ‘to consider and advise on the nature and Majesty's Government in research in radio-astronomy; in particular to and organisation required to support the United Kingdom interest in research in radio-astronomy both nationally and internationally.’ programmes, participation consider facilities, funds Her the the of of by the Science Research ‘Opportunity for participation in space flight investigations’ Memorandum circulated Council (SRC), with a covering letter from A.C.B. Lovell. The memorandum proposed to launch spacecraft with 30 foot diameter paraboloids attached. It originated in the US. November 1976. Typescript dated 4 November 1976. See also C.543, C.544. Correspondence re the upcoming visit of the Panel on 29 Visit of the SRC Panel to Review Radio Astronomy ‘Radio astronomy in Cambridge: the next 15 years’ November 1976 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 The Panel had been set up by the Astronomy, Space and Radio Board of the SRC to look into the future of radio astronomy research in the UK. Re a proposed UK millimetre-wave instrument Typescript memorandum outlining Ryle’s position. 21 November 1980 ‘MRAO manpower in millimetre-wave astronomy’ 28 May 1982 Typescript. ‘Discussion paper: the microwave background telescope project’ 12 July 1982 Typescript. 2 folders. 2 folders. Radio Linked C.100, C.101 July 1982, n.d. July-August 1982 ‘MERLIN and the one-mile telescope’ ‘Future programme for the 5 km telescope and the micro- wave background proposals’ Typescript, by Ryle. Also includes a memorandum ‘On the possible use of MERLIN with the OMT’. Typescript, outlining Ryle’s position. Includes an undated appendix ‘The microwave background telescope project’, by M. Birkinshaw and S.F. Gull. One-Mile Telescope. MERLIN (Multi-Element Interferometer Network) was an array of radio telescopes distributed around Bank refers to the Cambridge Observatory, Cheshire. 'OMT' Great Britain operated by the Jodrell M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 C.103-C.200 Teaching 1946-1976 C.103-C.131 Undergraduate teaching 21949-1976 Chiefly lecture notes. In chronological order. C.103, C.104 ‘Introduction to radio astronomy’ Manuscript lecture notes, paginated. 2 folders. From Acc 769/16. C.105-C.116 ‘Radio astronomy’ 1950-1958 From a folder inscribed ‘Lectures notes for Pt Il courses on radio astronomy, 1951-1957’ and ‘pages largely mixed up from year to year’. Manuscript lecture notes, in original order. 12 folders. From Acc 769/14. C.116 is exam questions 1951-1957 and n.d., some typescript, some manuscript, some printed. From Acc 1183. Manuscript notes for radio astronomical instruments, delivered in January 1970, followed by older notes (C.122, C.123). C.118-C.123 ‘Pt Il ?instr[uments]’ 4 lectures on 1960x1970 ‘Radio astronomy pt I! (1965)’ Manuscript lecture notes. From Acc 769/15. 6 folders. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 ‘Revised list of demonstrations’ Typescript. From Acc 769/10. November 1965 C.125-C.130 Pt Il radio astronomy, 1970 1966, 1970 Manuscript notes for 3 lectures. Includes a set of exam questions for 1966 at C.130. 6 folders. From Acc 1183. ‘Introd. lect. 1976 Oct’ Manuscript notes, so inscribed. From Acc 1183. sheet. Lecture notes, 5 folders. C.132-C.173 C.132-C.136 C.137-C.139 Postgraduate lectures 1947-1976, n.d. inscribed So manuscript and paginated. on attached From Acc 769/27 unless stated otherwise. ‘Fundamentals of circuit design (postgraduate lectures 1947)’ 3 folders. - So inscribed on attached sheet. Further inscribed ‘I engineering - plasma osc., trochotron, Haeff, Malmsfors’. Lecture notes, manuscript and paginated. ‘Random fluctuations March 1949’ in electrical systems’ and ‘Jan- noise, || physical noise M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 C.140-C.143 ‘Introduction to radio astronomy’ 1951x1952, n.d. So inscribed. With a note stating ‘1951 or early 1952 (~10 lectures), the astronomy one needs to know to interpret radio observations’ (authority Lecture notes, manuscript and paginated. C.143 is a separate script with the same title, undated. unclear). 4 folders. C.144-C.154 Various lecture notes a From ~1947-54’. Manuscript and paginated. inscribed folder ‘Postgraduate lecture 1947-c. 1954, n.d. notes As follows: ‘General introduction small noise signals ...’ with typescript ‘Noise in gas discharges’ (C.144), ‘Circuit noise’ and ‘Physical and astrophysical noise’ (C.145), and ‘Random processes in physics and astrophysics’ (C.146). C.147-C.153 is a much annotated and nearly complete typescript of Ryle’s article on radio astronomy (1950) lecture intercalated at C.152. C.154 is miscellaneous lecture notes. F.19-F.33), notes (see with for a _ 11 folders. 1954, 1955 C.155-C.159 C.160-C.163 ‘Circuit lectures’ ‘Techniques of radio astronomy’ So inscribed. Further inscribed ‘Post graduate lectures Jan 1954’. Lecture notes, manuscript and paginated. C.159 is an additional script, dated January 1955. given by Ryle and colleagues. Manuscript notes. From a folder so inscribed. With a note ascribing a date range of 1956x1960 (authority unclear). Lecture notes, manuscript and paginated to 11. a folder. Typescript overview of ‘Elements of radio astronomy’ C.164, C.165 Contents of 5 folders. 4 folders. 1956x1960 a course M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 The course was ‘intended to introduce new research students to current work at Cambridge’. 2 folders. From Acc 769/15. C.166-C.171 ‘Radio telescopes 1976-7 post-graduate] lect[ures]’ 1976-1977 Contents of an envelope so inscribed. Manuscript lecture notes, paginated. 6 folders. From Acc 769/23. ‘Radio telescopes’ Further inscribed ‘Post grad[uate] lect[ure]’ and ‘following AH’ notes, paginated. Manuscript Hewish). (Antony lecture 2 folders. From Acc 1183. C.174-C.186 Unidentified lectures From Acc 769/18. ‘Design of radio tel[escopes]’ So inscribed. Manuscript notes starting out ‘Continuation of Tony H[ewish] course - cover more practical problems of building R.T. for the actual jobs that want doing.’ From Acc 769/4. Notes for lectures given either to undergraduate or to postgraduate audiences. From a note so inscribed (uncertain authority). ‘Series academic year’ at Cavendish’ and ‘1946-1947 1946-71962, n.d. C.174, C.175 of 4 lectures 1946-1947 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 C.176, C.177 ‘Radio waves from galaxies’, ‘Radio stars’ 1957, 1959 So inscribed. Further inscribed ‘Nov. ‘57’ and ‘discarded’, and ‘1959’ and ‘discarded’. Manuscript notes of lectures Ill + IV of an unidentified course. 2 folders. From Acc 769/9. C1718; CA719 ‘Radio stars’ and ‘Jan [19]62’ 1962, n.d. Manuscript notes, with subsequent additions. Paginated. 2 folders. From Acc 769/18. C.180-C.182 ?Radio telescopes post 1962 3 folders. From Acc 1183. 2 folders. a for lectures II-V of an_ unidentified C.183, C.184 Lectures VII to X Annotated typescript of lectures VII-X of an unidentified course, with each lecture paginated separately. course. Notes Paginated. C.182 is partial alternative version of lecture V, intercalated in an offprint of M. Ryle and A.C. Neville, ‘A radio survey of the North Polar region with 4.5 minute of arc pencil beam system’, Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society vol. 125 (1962), 39-56. 2 folders. 3 sets of notes, manuscript. From Acc 769/18. C.185, C.186 Miscellaneous M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 From Acc 769/15. C.187-C.200 Lectures by others 1953-1976, n.d. Notes on lectures by colleagues. See also C.201, C.202- C.205. C.187-C.192 ‘J.A.R. Lectures’ and ‘J.B. Lectures’ 21953, 1956 1956. Used from the From a blue softback notebook so inscribed, paginated, with dated entries. Used from one end to record J.A. Ratcliffe’s lectures on Fourier analysis and correlation functions in diffraction and circuit theory, given in Lent term J.E. Baldwin’s lectures on astronomy for radio astronomers, likewise given in Lent term 1956. C.188 is loose notes found intercalated at Ratcliffe end, described as ‘Notes of uncertain). lectures Further includes a lecture handouts (C.189-C.192). (~1953)’ of Ratcliffe’s other end to (authority Ratcliffe record set by 6 folders. blue softback so _ notebook inscribed, From Acc 769/18 and Acc 769/23. ‘Extra-galactic nebulae (J. Shakeshaft Lectures)’ not Faded paginated, with dated entries. Used from the front to record J. Shakeshaft’s lectures on extragalactic nebulae, March-May 1956 (notes continued on loose sheets inside back cover and on inside of back cover). Used from the back to record ?seminars by R.L. Minkowski, R. v.d. R. Woolley and J. Oort, April-May 1956. Also intercalated is Ryle’s note ‘Survey programme’, listing 13 tasks with some crossed off. Manuscript notes of R.O. Redman’s lectures 1957. ‘Redman’ and ‘Structure of the galaxy’ From Acc 769/18. From Acc 769/13. in Lent M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 Light blue notebook | 1957-1959 Hardback notebook, not paginated, with dated entries. Used from one end to record an International Union of Radio Science discussion, followed by notes on lectures by J.E. Baldwin, A. Hewish, ?Ryle and J.R. Shakeshaft. Used from the other end for notes on P.A.G. Scheuer’s lecture on the model universe. From Acc 769/11. Green notebook 1959-1962 Hardback notebook, not paginated, with dated entries. Used from one end to record lectures by D.W. Dewhirst given in Lent 1959, Lent 1960 and July 1962. Used from the other end for notes on lectures by P.A.G. Scheuer on cosmology, Lent 1959, and a lecture by Davidson on radio observation and cosmology, given on 18 December 1961. From Acc 769/11. Dark blue notebook 1960-1972 From Acc 1183. by ?M. Casse, Light blue notebook II Hardback notebook, not paginated, with dated entries. Used to record the following: J.R. Shakeshaft’s lectures on extragalactic radio astronomy, given in Easter term 1960; A. Hewish’s lectures on ‘Aperture synthesis etc.’, 12 element given in Lent 1961; a ‘Progress report on R.T.’ 1967; seminars 1969-1972. Intercalated material throughout. From Acc 1183. Hardback notebook, not paginated, with dated entries. Used from one end for extensive notes on F. Graham- Smith’s lectures on ‘Noise ?generators’ etc., Michaelmas 1961. Used from the other end for notes on a ?seminar given by the Australian pioneer of radio astronomy J.L. Pawsey in October 1961. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 C.199, C.200 Miscellaneous Manuscript notes of the following: ‘Stan Evans pt II class 5-5-76’, P.A.G. Scheuer on ?extended sources?, ‘Martyn’ on the sun and (not in Ryle’s hand) notes on radio star lectures, annotated by Ryle. From Acc 1183. C.201-C.215 Colloquia and seminars 1954-1974, n.d. See also C.197. C.201-C.209 Notebooks 1955-1974 From Acc 1183 unless stated otherwise. Notebook April-August 1955 notes Black hardback notebook, not paginated. Used from back for F. Graham-Smith, F. Hoyle, and J.P. Wild). Used from front for notes on x-rays (undated). (including colloquia lectures and by of C.202-C.205 From Acc 769/13. Notebook 1965-1967 1965-1967, n.d. Hardback notebook, blue. Not paginated. Chiefly used from the back to record lectures and colloquia, 1965- 1967. Used similarly from the front, March-April 1965. With extensive notes by Ryle and others found inside back cover and transferred to C.203-C.205. 1967-1971 Hardback notebook, blue. Not paginated. Used for notes on colloquia. Intercalated material inside back cover and throughout. Notebook 1967-1971 4 folders. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 Notebook 1969-1971 1969-1971 Hardback notebook, blue. Not paginated. Used for notes on colloquia and lectures, including a symposium on ‘Neutral H in nearby spiral galaxies’, February 1971. Notebook 1972 and Hardback notebook, red. Not paginated. Used from both front ?progress meetings?, August and October 1972. Only few pages used. colloquia record back and to Notebook 1973-1974 1973-1974 Hardback notebook, red. Not paginated. Used from the front for notes on colloquia and seminars. Notes inside back cover. Some intercalated material. C.210-C.215 Miscellaneous 1954-1970 1954-1970, n.d. ‘Burke 18.8.55’ and ‘Heeschen 6.6.57’ Manuscript notes of ‘Pawsey, 24.9.54’ From Acc 769/16, Acc 769/19 and Acc 1183. Further notes on Ryle’s colloquia can be found at G.11, G.34, G.37 and G.188. 1955, 1957 An inscription on the back of one of the images suggests that the colloquium took place soon after the Chagan nuclear test in January 1965. Ryle’s colloquium ‘Programme of radio astronomy’, June 1959 3 monochrome photographs of Soviet astronomer V.L. Ginzburg Typescript ‘Notes on interstellar scintillation by QSOs, a presentation by the M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 OH sources, etc.’, by P.A.G. Scheuer, 20 July 1970 Manuscript notes inscribed ‘Dungey’ C.216-C.222 Research students 1966-1980 From Acc 1183. C.216-C.220 Correspondence and reports 1966-1980 Covers progress reports, placements etc. In chronological order. discussions research _ students, about new 5 folders. Notes on research students, 1972-1974 1972-1974 1967-1977 1962-1985 C.223-C.233 material throughout (manuscript Isaac Newton studentship Vacancies in radio astronomy Committee papers, reports on candidates, minutes. Hardback notebook, red. Not paginated. Used for notes on research students, group meetings and colloquia. Intercalated and typescript). chronological order. Correspondence recruitments positions, etc. In chronological order. Correspondence Research grants visits, upcoming From Acc 1183. and account statements, in C.234-C.237 1964-1976 re_ 11 folders. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 4 folders. From Acc 1183. C.238-C.244 Miscellaneous From Acc 1183 unless stated otherwise. 1954-1985, n.d. ‘Incoherent radio research, Lord Hailsham, etc.’ notes on telescopes, government Typescript, brackets’. with ‘more libellous remarks ... given in C.239, C.240 Staff matters 1966-1977, n.d. Correspondence etc. Not indexed. 2 folders. 2 folders. C.243, C.244 Various 1954, 1965 C.241, C.242 Correspondence re images and figures Chiefly with publishers. In chronological order. Includes Ryle’s notes from a literature review session. The Cambridge Radio Astronomy Group met on Saturday mornings for literature review sessions. the Cambridge radio astronomy research group. This was Radio astronomical equipment was crucial for the work of C.245-C.529 CAMBRIDGE RADIO OBSERVATORIES 2 folders. Includes material from Acc 769/16. 1973-1985 1949-1980, n.d. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 so not only in the trivial sense - that all science depends on instruments - but in the sense that members of the early radio astronomy group were intimately involved in the design and creation of the equipment for surveying the radio sky. A wartime background in radio engineering at Establishment proved immensely useful for some of the team. Telecommunications Research the The first radio observatory at Cambridge was the Grange Road Field Station. It used the Old Rifle Range of the local Officers Training Corps (OTC). In 1957 a new site opened of Cambridge. It was named the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory (MRAO), after electronics company Mullard Ltd that had provided funding for the facility. south-west Bridge, Lord’s miles the at 5 C.245-C.254 Grange Road Field Station C.255-C.298 Early Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory (MRAO) C.299-C.333 One Mile Telescope C.334-C.459 Five Kilometre Telescope C.517-C.519 C.529 C.245-C.254 C.460-C.502 Interference C.520-C.528 C.503-C.516 Visits to the MRAO Lord's Bridge humour Promotion of the MRAO Grange Road Field Station Miscellaneous correspondence 2 folders. 2 plans of the rifle range on Grange Road, Cambridge, showing aerial enclosures. Chiefly from ‘~1948-1951’. For photographs, see K.1-K.26. From Acc 769/3 unless stated otherwise. 1949-1952, n.d. Further inscribed a folder so inscribed. C.245, C.246 Site plans 1949, n.d. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 C.247, C.248 Laboratory plans 2 sets of drawings, one by Ryle (undated), the other by F.G. Smith. 2 folders. C.249, C.250 Equipment plans 1952. n1:G: Circuit diagram of ‘Power unit Mk Il’. Also includes copy of TRE technical note ‘An apparatus for the measurement of current noise in semi-conductors at audio frequencies’ (January 1952). 2 folders. The TRE technical note is from Acc 769/16. Proposal for increased land use 2 folders. ‘Reports from observatories’ C.252, C.253 Budgets Notes on a conversation re the future lease of the Old Rifle Range, typescript. The conversation involved the commandant of the OTC and emissaries of the radio astronomy group. Various estimates for equipment, housing and ground security. From Acc 769/16. Typescript activities 71952-71954. account of radio-astronomical observing M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 C.255-C.298 Early Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory (MRAO) 1954-1962 C.255-C.276 Creation of the MRAO 1954-1957 a From Observatory, Lords Bridge, 1954-1957’. inscribed ‘Mullard folder Radio Astronomy From Acc 769/7 unless stated otherwise. C.255-C.257 Future of radio astronomy at Cambridge typescript memoranda ‘The requirements of 3 radio astronomy at Cambridge’ (C.255), ‘Notes on the future of radio astronomy (August 1954)’ (C.256) and ‘Notes on move to new radio astronomy site (10.11.54) (C.257). 3 folders. C.258-C.260 Siting of the new observatory 1954-1955 of a site for the of the Also 3 folders. extension The Guinness booklet is from Acc 1200. Weatherhill Heath (referred to as Berner’s Heath in the site report) was selected as the most likely site among those inspected. Includes manuscript notes and typescript report ‘on the selection Radio Astronomy Section of the Cavendish Laboratory’ (C.258) and site plan of Weatherhill Heath near Icklingham in Suffolk (C.259) etc. includes copy of Guinness booklet What will they think of next?, a gift from the Earl of lveagh, who owned part of the Heath. 1954x1957 Further covers negotiations between the owner (the Air Ministry) and the farmer who held Lord’s Bridge under licence (C.267). 5 plans, annotated (C.261-C.165). Also includes manuscript notes delegating various tasks (‘Repair N fence (if we get it)’) to members of Ryle’s team. The Lord’s Bridge site C.261-C.267 7 folders. site M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 Radio Astronomy Building Committee Annotated minutes). committee papers (agendas and draft C.269-C.276 MRAO Opening, 25 July 1957 Includes guest list and biographical information re the Mullard representatives; typescript draft (annotated and used on back for draft correspondence and drawings) of Ryle's essay on the new observatory, published in Nature on 20 July; offprint; booklet and photographs from the ceremony (C.273); photograph of the celebratory dinner at Gonville and Caius College; and typescripts of toasts by further photographs, see also K.91-K.112. Sir Edward Appleton and Mott. N.F. For 8 folders. Photographs of the opening ceremony from Acc 1200. C.277-C.291 ‘AC Aerial Design & Construction’ and ‘1956-1958’ 1955-1958, n.d. From Acc 769/26 unless stated otherwise. From a folder so inscribed (authority uncertain). Material re the construction of what was then called the ‘Radio Star Telescope’. In chronological order. See also J.168, J.281. For photographs, see also K.27-K.37. The ‘Radio Star Telescope’ was also known as the ‘4C synthesis interferometer’ or ‘4C array’. It was used to conduct a celestial survey that revealed 5,000 radio sources, the Fourth Cambridge Survey (4C), which was published in two parts (1965 and 1967). The instrument was the first telescope at the MRAO. It went into service in 1958 and has since been decommissioned. November Overview of the firms involved in the construction of the telescope ‘Diagram of 60ft parabola with principal dimensions’ Typescript, with note from the engineer D.R. MacKay. C.278-C.280 Technical drawings C.278 1955-1956 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 Supplied by MacKay, with annotations in pencil. From Acc 769/7. ‘Longitudinal Section on Centre Line’ January 1956 Diagram detailing Supplied calculations in pencil on back. Eagre levels by of rails Construction Circuit diagram Supplied by D.R. MacKay. C.281, C.282 Notebooks C.281 Notebook | for movable aerial. Budget Ltd. Co September 1956 1956-1958, n.d. 1956-1957, n.d. of work, design of building Notebook II work and Softback notebook, blue, not paginated. Used to record progress modifications, tables. instrument tests etc. Extensive intercalated inside both front and back cover. Includes drawings and _ material throughout and building design 1957-1958, n.d. Softback notebook, blue, not paginated. Used to record progress modifications. Includes drawings. Intercalated material throughout and inside back cover. n.d. Not dated. Includes annotated typescript ‘Redesign of Radio Telescope Staying System’ and miscellaneous manuscript notes re moveable and fixed aerials. Also includes a plan of the MRAO showing positions of radio telescopes. Design notes, loose C.283, C.284 1956x1958, 2 folders. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 C.285-C.291 Engineering progress reports 1956-1958, n.d. by MacKay, Submitted calculations by destruction tests of diagonal wire clamps, 1958. cost Ryle. C.290 reports from MacKay on invoices. Includes with 6 folders. C.286-C.288 and C.291 are from Acc 769/7. C.292, C.293 Receiver Design From Acc 769/18. ‘F.G.S. Receiver design Feb 1957’ Softback notebook, blue, not paginated. Used for notes on receiver design. ‘Phase-switching receiver manual’ with 1956-1962 5 folders. typescript ‘Methods of use of the Miscellaneous C.294-C.298 circuit diagrams of Phase Duplicated typescript Switch A, B. Includes statement of DSIR payments April-June 1956; annotated new telescope’; correspondence re telescope materials, 1959- 1960; and a typescript draft ‘Final report on work carried out during the period 1st October 1961 to 30 September 1962...’. earnest in December 1959 but construction suffered a The One-Mile Telescope was the first telescope to use earth-rotation aperture synthesis (described by Ryle as ‘super-synthesis’). 3 paraboloids, one of them movable. Design began in From Acc 769/7, Acc 769/18-19 and Acc 1183. One Mile Telescope array consisting C.299-C.333 It was an 1960-1972 of M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 series of delays owing to The first trial survey was made in April-June 1964. a funding crisis at the DSIR. For photographs, see K.38-K.44. C.299-C.306 Marconi Proposal 1960-1961 From Acc 769/16 unless stated otherwise. Correspondence re design Includes illustrations. From Acc 1183. Technical proposal January 1961 Copy of Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company Ltd, ‘Technical proposal for aerial assemblies for synthetic aperture technical telescope’, drawings. In original cover. including radio set of Set of 5. 5 folders. C.301-C.305 Additional technical drawings ‘Notes on Marconi’s Proposal’ Typescript with annotations in pencil. Manchester. The Blaw Knox company was a manufacturer of steel structures in Pittsburgh, USA. The model of the One-Mile Telescope supplied by the firm went on show at the 1962 meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science in Set of monochrome photographs: 1 site layout (by the Ministry of Public Buildings and Works), 4 of the working model of the dish (by Blaw Knox). of model of Model of the telescope and _ construction equipment based _ M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 From Acc 1183. Image of the finished product 1 monochrome photograph. Also includes plan of the MRAO, 1963. From Acc 769/16 and Acc 1200. C.309-C.316 Operation and maintenance, 1962-1968 1962-1968 Correspondence, chiefly Public Building and Works (MPBW), the Science Research Council (SRC) and various suppliers. Ministry with the of From Acc 1183 unless stated otherwise. 1962-1963 1962-1963 British Insulated Re outstanding works, overall accuracy of the installation, spares, Datex equipment etc. Includes correspondence re percentage of completion of building work. Also re purchase of an ‘Optic seat harness’ to be attached ‘to the chair and oneself ... 40 ft above ground off a cat ladder’. Further includes a press release from Callender’s Cables Ltd (BICC) announcing that they supplied ‘special radio frequency, power and multicore control cables for Professor Martin Ryle’s new Radio Telescope’. Includes material from Acc 769/15. C.312 is specifically re problems with servo-motors from the Datex read-out equipment. C.313 is specifically re problems with pointing accuracy; includes graphs. Re mal-operation of brakes, remedial engineering works on track and its earthworks, etc. C.311-C.314 1964 1965 4 folders. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 1966 Some problems with Datex continue, yet Ryle reports getting first-class results. 1967-1968 1967-1968 Includes correspondence from BICC welcoming the news that their cables were used for the 2 new dishes recently added to the MRAO (the reference is to the facility's new Half-Mile Telescope). C.317-C.319 ‘SRC Cambridge Radio Telescope Project Committee’ Material re meetings of the Committee in 1965. Includes the 7th meeting on 7 May (C.317, C.318) and agenda of the 8th meeting on 26 October. parties The Telescope University, (MPBW) and the SRC. represented Project Radio Cambridge the Ministry of Public Building and Works Cambridge were Committee the on circulated C.320, C.321 1965-1967 3 folders. From Acc 1183. meetings, only reports survive. the MPBW monthly Financial progress reports, 1965-1967 There is no material documenting the first 6 meetings, with the exception of correspondence at C.309-C.316. Of Financial later These were Progress to Committee members (See C.320, C.321). circulation in the group), notes of group meetings, etc. Monthly financial progress reports issued by the MPBW. Incomplete set. Includes schedules of expenditure for SRC grant re maintenance of the new telescope and some correspondence. From a folder inscribed ‘1-mile’. Typescript notes (for One-Mile observing programme, routines, etc. 1969-1971, n.d. C.322-C.328 From Acc 1183. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 Some annotations. Also includes manuscript notes and draft papers (annotated typescript). In original order, as 1970 (C.325-C.327). follows: C.328 (1971) contains ‘One-mile telescope - thoughts on the future’ and ‘More thoughts about future of one mile telescope’. See also C.49-C.84. 1969 (C.322-C.324) and 7 folders. From Acc 1183. C.329, C.330 Copilots’ Guides 1970, 1972 Copies of One-Mile Telescope Copilots Guide (1970) and second edition (1972). 2 items. From Acc 769/16 and Acc 1183. C.331-C.333 Miscellaneous 1964-1967, n.d. Graphs re paraboloid design, undated (C.331); typescript notes re the Argus-Titan data link that enabled two-way communication between the Laboratory's Titan Argus the 304 Mathematical Laboratory of the University (C.332); and around basic maintenance (‘Ice Lord’s Bridge etc.) (C.333). tree-planting computer computer patrol’, Titan and the in 3 folders. C.334-C.459 From Acc 769/16, Acc 769/18 and Acc 1183. C.332 includes a monochrome photograph of damaged cables. 1964-71980 The Five Kilometre Telescope (later ‘Ryle Telescope’) linear east-west array consisting of 8 equatorially was a mounted 13-m Cassegrain antennae. By March 1967 the in 1971. layout was fixed and the instrument was built Unlike the One Mile Telescope, the primary purpose of provide this instrument was not survey work but sources. information Accordingly, it was designed (to use P.A.G. Scheuer’s Five Kilometre Telescope workings inner the on to of M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 words) ‘to get the best possible angular resolution on individual sources’ (Scheuer, in The Early Years of Radio Astronomy, ed. W. T. Sullivan Ill (Cambridge 1984), p. 263). The instrument was decommissioned in June 2006. For photographs, see K.45-K.49. C.334-C.336 Siting of the instrument 1964-1967 C.334 ‘The problem of a site for future developments in radio astronomy at Cambridge’ 18 June 1965 Duplicated typescript. From Acc 1183. C.335, C.336 Correspondence re siting 1964, 1966- 1967 Includes a map of the MRAO surrounding development areas. C.337-C.407 C.337-C.342 C.343-C.345 6 folders. 2 folders. 1966-1973 1966-1967 1966 C.337-C.345 Early proposals From Acc 769/18 (map) and Acc 1183. Correspondence, May-December 1966 Design, specification and operation of the instrument 1966-1967 Chiefly with Marconi Company Ltd, which produced a in technical September Chief Engineer of the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, who acted as agents for the design study. Also includes notes circulated in Ryle’s team. Marconi proposal, September 1966 for (see the C.343), From Acc 769/15 and Acc 1183. projected telescope and with the proposal 1966 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 control Slightly annotated copy of ‘Technical proposal for six aerial assemblies forming a radio telescope array with remote by Marconi. Also includes technical drawing of tracker polar mount, 2nd issue (October 1966), and ‘Quotation for a radio telescope array system’, Marconi, January 1967. facilities’, supplied supplied back and tell by 3 items. From Acc 1183. C.346-C.359 Meetings and correspondence, 1967 Involving Marconi, the Engineering Group of the UKAEA and Ryle’s group. Chiefly re production of the design study. to June (C.346-C.350), July- September October-December (C.355-C.359). Includes undated notes, in original order. (C.351-C.354), As follows: April and At C.352 is a draft of the UKAEA ‘Project design study brief (July). C.355-C.357 is another draft of the same (October) and cost estimate. 14 folders. 4 folders. From Acc 1183. C.360-C.363 C.364-C.395 From Acc 769/15 and Acc 1183. Meetings and correspondence, 1968 Involving the UKAEA and Ryle’s group. 11 folders. From a folder inscribed ‘5 km (meetings)’. Minutes of meetings, memoranda and extensive manuscript notes. As_ May- November (C.370-C.374). Meetings and correspondence, 1969 Meetings of Ryle’s group January-March (C.364-C.369), C.364-C.374 From Acc 1183. follows: M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 C.375-C.388 Meetings and correspondence with Marconi and UKAEA the 1969, n.d. of notes meetings ‘Progress meetings’, From a folder inscribed ‘5 km (Marconi & AEA notes)’. Includes ‘Technical meetings’ and ‘Finance meetings’ with the UKAEA, and of Also includes correspondence. As final version of ‘Preliminaries and specification for aerials and associated equipment’, by the UKAEA (C.375, C.376); January-March (C.377-C.379), May-June (C.380-C.383), July (C.384-C.386), August-September (C.387, C.388). Marconi. draft and _ of follows: representatives with C.380, C.381 is notes of a meeting with Marconi. 14 folders. C.389-C.395 Technical drawings 7 technical drawings, supplied by Marconi. C.397), 1971 1966-1973 C.408-C.413 C.408-C.421 From Acc 1183. C.399), 1972 From Acc 1183. C.396-C.407 Meetings and correspondence, 1970-1973 Correspondence with the Science Research Council Notes of meetings, memoranda etc. As follows: 1970 (C.398, (C.396, (C.400- C.404), and 1973 (C.405-C.407). 1967 Covers arrangements for the design work undertaken by the University of Cambridge and for the design study to be commissioned through the UKAEA, lodging of the planning application, lobbying of Sir Solly Zuckerman, clarification of the respective responsibilities of all parties involved, the SRC university/industry re relations. etc. Also includes correspondence with the C.408 includes an annotated typescript ‘The proposed Correspondence, 1966-1967 November 1966-July Swann report and_ M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 new radio telescope’. a higher level Zuckerman was the chief scientific adviser to the British government from 1964 to 1971. His involvement ensured support at than the SRC, which was deemed crucial in view of the project’s deadlines. These included an early 1968 starting date (to avoid conflict with other SRC-funded radio astronomical projects) and quick allocation the Cambridge-Bedford line (to decrease the cost of land and possible compensation). of land on The Swann Report was the report of the Working Group on Manpower Parameters for Scientific Growth, chaired by M.M. Swann. Its brief was to discover ‘whether there was any imbalance in qualified engineering, technological and scientific manpower’. The Working Group presented its interim report in October 1966. the employment of 6 folders. C.414-C.416 Correspondence with the SRC, 1968 January- October 1968 May-June 1969 3 folders. 2 folders. from the construction programme, etc. information pre-existing work on the Correspondence with the SRC, 1969 Covers extraction of a commitment to the main capital programme of the project Covers issues re rights to inventions, design, drawings and telescope, arising Also includes minutes of the new ‘SRC 5 km Radio Telescope Project Committee’. 1972-1973 Includes drafts of the university's Agreement with the SRC. Also includes minutes of a meeting of the ‘SRC 5 km Radio Telescope Project Committee’. C.420 includes copy of draft Agreement of January 1972. Correspondence with the SRC, 1972-1973 Correspondence with the SRC, 1970 January- December 1970 C.418, C.419 C.420, C.421 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 2 folders. C.422-C.427 Inauguration and opening C.422 Announcement of the telescope project 1969, 1972, n.d. February 1969 Press cuttings (local and national). Includes a MRAO leaflet for the occasion. From Acc 769/18. Turning of the first sod October 1969 Signatures from originally with photograph of Ryle digging (missing). a ceremony on 22 October 1969, From Acc 769/19. and typescript article for drafts of 3 folders. C.424-C.426 Opening of the telescope From Acc 769/19. The ceremony took place on 17 October. From a folder inscribed (in Rowena Ryle’s hand) ‘Martin’s original (hand-written) paper for the opening of the 5 kilometre telescope, Lord’s Bridge October 1972’. Includes programme, guest list, facts and figures about of Ryle’s presentation (at the new instrument, C.425), Ryle’s Nature (published on 20 October). From Acc 1183. 2 monochrome photographs, undated. Photographs M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 C.428-C.440 Mullard Committee Radio Astronomy Observatory Management 1973-1979 Minutes and committee papers. 12 February 1973. The MRAO Management Committee had its inaugural meeting on Its membership was nominated half by the University of Cambridge and half by the SRC, with the Chairman elected from among the members. The primary concern of this body was not the scientific programme of the facility, but its management. From Acc 1183. C.428-C.430 Meeting on 17 July 1973, Lord’s Bridge for the second meeting the Committee. Papers Includes membership list, annotated agenda, minutes of inaugural meeting of the Committee on 12 February, copy of the Agreement between the University and the SRC, etc. of 3 folders. C.431-C.433 C.434-C.437 covers possible Papers for the third meeting of the Committee. Meeting on 14 November 1973, Cavendish Laboratory Correspondence commercial development of radio astronomical surveying technique, evolved in order to accurately locate the paraboloids of the 5 km telescope as defined by the point of intersection of the two axes of rotation. 1977-1979 Papers for the fourth meeting of the Committee. Includes report of work at the MRAO during the period October 1973-September 1974, etc. Correspondence re amendments to minutes and reports Meeting on 7 August 1974, Cavendish Laboratory C.438-C.440 Subsequent meetings 3 folders. 4 folders. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 of work at the MRAO during the period October 1977- September 1979. 3 folders. C.441-C.450 Extension of the Five Kilometre Telescope 1974-1975 Material re a projected extension of the instrument by 4 aerials. From Acc 1183. ‘Design study for extension to 5km telescope’ Duplicated typescript. Also includes manuscript notes and calculations by Ryle and colleagues. ‘[SRC] proposal for extending 5 km radio telescope’ January 1975 Typescript draft (annotated) and final version. C.443-C.450 tests and 8 folders. of C.451-C.459 Miscellaneous At C.446 undertaken discussing their implications for the proposal. memorandum submission of is a since summarizing the proposal Notes and meetings, January-July 1975 In chronological order. Notes on group meetings and the observing programme, requests for observing time etc. 9 folders. all MRAO instruments and the Includes overviews of respective observing programmes and corresponding theories on which work is expected to have an impact, tropospheric 1972 the irregularities, story the (C.454); comments on a proposal to create an intercontinental array, of how his colleagues use the 5 km control building, ?1980 (C.459). re 1974 (C.453); 5 1972-1976, 21980 1975 (C.456); and Ryle’s criticism km telescope design, 1974 draft presentation on (C.451); material large-scale M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 C.460-C.502 Interference Correspondence, testimony before adjudicating bodies. See also J.78, J.112, J.171, J.174 and J.183. memoranda, notes etc., including H.42, From Acc 1183 unless stated otherwise. C.460-C.467 Band allocation C.460-C.463 ‘Allocated bands for radio astronomy & radio interference, ~1954’ 1954-1980, n.d. 1954-1971, n.d. 21954 From a folder so inscribed. Typescripts and manuscript notes etc. Includes ‘Interference with radio astronomical observations at Cambridge on 81.5 Mc/s’ and ‘Report on tests carried out to investigate the interference to radio astronomical one transmitter’ (C.460); of ‘Radio astronomy - frequency requirements [Cambridge and Jodrell Bank]’ (C.462). at and table observations Cambridge, by Radio 4 folders. 4 folders. 1971 World 1962-1971 C.464-C.467 Administrative From Acc 769/23. Correspondence and papers re frequency allocations, 1962-1971 of Includes memoranda by F. Graham Smith, and list frequency allocations for radio astronomy resulting from the Conference (WARC). power lines and motor cars’. of Duplicated defined interference, with frequencies and broadcasting, amateurs’ and of frequencies by such apparatus as electric arc welders, 2 ‘transmission transmitters typescript namely from military mobile ‘transmissions over a ‘Protection for the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory from radio interference’ main on associated broad band types well outlining users, services M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 Later versions of this statement can be found at C.470, C.471 and C.475. C.469-C.477 Interference from agriculture 1965-1967 a proposed apple storage facility Chiefly re close proximity to the MRAO. Also covers broader implications (for farming in the area) of the conflict between radio astronomy and agriculture. in of the attention Ryle and The possibility of an apple store being erected at a nearby farm came to his colleagues in September 1964. Following tests with the type of electrical equipment that would be involved in the facility, of interference would severely limit the operation of the observatory. There followed an appeal to the Postmaster General and a public inquiry into the planning application, with hearings starting in May 1966. concluded probable level they that the Includes material from Acc 769/15. 7 folders. 1967 2 folders. 1965-1966 1965-1966 C.478-C.490 C.476, C.477 C.469-C.475 Interference from vehicles Includes press coverage at C.474 (from Acc 788/61). 4 folders. Correspondence and memoranda, chiefly re problems arising from proposed Cambridge Western Bypass (M11 Motorway). Also covers interference from new FM radar devices for vehicle navigation/collision warning. 1966-1980, n.d. C.478-C.481 1966-1971 1966-1971 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 C.482-C.487 1972 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 Includes by including his colleague J.E. Baldwin. submitted evidence Ryle and _ others, the enquiry concerning the of section An Baldwin proposed bypass opened in February 1972. gave evidence re the observatory from existing types of radio equipment used on motorways. suitable screen relevant protect to a 6 folders. C.488-C.490 1974, 1980, n.d. 1974, 1980, n.d. C.489 is a map of the proposed route of the M11. C.490 is a draft ‘Interference to radio astronomy from vehicle anti-collision radio systems’ (annotated typescript). 3 folders. Map from Acc 769/15. 1967-1968 1969 material 1967-1968 C.491-C.499 C.492-C.495 1967-1976, n.d. Interference from aviation Correspondence and memoranda re interference from devices used in military aviation, frequency bands used in civil aviation, etc. Bridge from re proposed ‘third London airport’. Includes C.493 is Ryle’s 24pp testimony, C.494 is ‘Examples of interference at Lord’s Bridge’ and ‘Comparison between the problems of interference at Lord’s Bridge and at Jodrell Bank’, C.495 is ‘Consideration of alternative sites for radio astronomy in East Anglia’. Memorandum ‘The protection for problems Lord’s the observatory at C.496, C.497 technical of providing 4 folders. 1972 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 airport radio systems’, with appendices. 2 folders. C.498, C.499 1976, n.d. Correspondence with the SRC re proposed increase of traffic for Stansted airport. Also includes an undated map of ‘South West landings and takeoffs’. 2 folders. C.500-C.502 Miscellaneous 1960-1974 Includes correspondence re interference filters and re the development of radio frequency heating and microwave heaters. Also includes an exchange with a representative of the Civic Cambridge Society re how residential or industrial development around the observatory would affect radio astronomical research. 21958-1977 In chronological order. ‘Jodrell visit’ From Acc 769/8. 3 folders. From Acc 1183. From Acc 1183 unless stated otherwise. C.503-C.516 Visits to the MRAO papers including final programme, press pack (including From manuscript notes (including an account of current research of the Cambridge Radio Astronomy Group) so headed. ‘Visit Observatory ... March 11th, 1964’ of European editors to Mullard Radio Astronomy From an envelope so printed. Correspondence and C.504-C.508 1963x1964 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 promotional photographs of the MRAO and of Ryle, with original Ryle’s presentation. manuscript envelope), draft and of 5 folders. C.509, C.510 ‘Visit of the Lord Bowden to the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory, Cambridge, July 6th 1965’ Duplicated typescript of Ryle’s talk to members of the press on the occasion. Includes 2 appendices, ‘Technical details of the new SRC radio telescope’ and ‘Highlights of radio astronomical research at Cambridge and papers published since 1963’. Also includes a press clipping (from Acc 788/61). 2 folders. ‘Russians at L[ord]’s B[ridge] [12] Oct[ober] [19]67’ from From Acc 788/61. was the ‘YERAC 23-7-73’ From manuscript notes so headed. From an envelope so inscribed (by Rowena Ryle). Press clipping 1 monochrome photograph of the visitors with Ryle. the Cambridge Evening News and Visit of a party of scientific editors from the USSR, who spent 2 weeks in the UK as guests of the Foreign Office. 6th Young European Radio The occasion Astronomers Conference (YERAC), which was held in Cambridge. See also A.316. The visit was made following the award of the Nobel prize to Ryle and Hewish in 1974. Visit of the King of Sweden, 12 July 1975 Correspondence, itineraries, notes on arrangements. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 C.514, C.515 ‘Duke of Edinburgh - visit to L[ord]’s B[ridge] Nov[ember] [19]77’ From an envelope so inscribed. Correspondence and 9 colour photographs from the occasion. the bore second envelope inscription of A to see Martin’s windmill ?1982/3 (M. Edinburgh’s visit the away ill)’. images suggest that the visit was to the wind turbine Ryle built with his assistants, or that the visit depicted in the photographs took place in the early 1980s. Neither the correspondence here ‘Duke nor 2 folders. From Acc 769/38 and Acc 1183. Miscellaneous Correspondence re visits. 1966-1975 C.517-C.519 1955-1970 From Acc 788/61. Lord’s Bridge humour Song of the Radio Group 5 November 1955 ‘Supersynthesis for the very young, or, Martinlocks and the three dishes’ Words of a song in celebration of Mullard Ltd donating £100,000 towards the creation of the MRAO. To be sung ‘to the tune of Rio Grande’. 1962, 1970 Story of Typescript, in original folder. From Acc 788/61 and Acc 1183. the MRAO instruments, by Donald Wilson. From Acc 1125. Cartoons 2 pieces. 2?1960s M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 C.520-C.528 Promotion of the MRAO C.520, C.521 ‘Radio astronomy at Cambridge’ 1951-1974, n.d. 1954 Manuscript draft and annotated typescript, and annotated proofs of article for Cambridge Review. 2 folders. From Acc 769/16 and Acc 1125. MRAO fliers 21964, 21972 2 items, one a draft copy with a covering note (71964). The second (?1972) is inscribed. From Acc 1183. hinted that MRAO Correspondence with the media 1966-1974 C.524-C.528 Press cuttings re television programmes featuring The article the Observer had antennae could be used for spying. in the Chiefly observatory and/or Ryle. Includes correspondence with editor of the Observer re the misrepresentation of MRAO equipment. to Contents of an envelope. As follows: 1951 (C.524), 1957 (C.525), 1961-1963 (C.526), 1964 (C.527), 1965-1966 and n.d. (C.528). In chronological order. engineer D.R. MacKay re Includes correspondence with Miscellaneous correspondence 1951-1966, n.d. a projected visit of his From Acc 1183. 5 folders. From Acc 788/61. 1965-1967 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 inspect North American telescopes. From Acc 1183. C.530-C.548 CAVENDISH LABORATORY From Acc 1183 unless stated otherwise. C.530-C.534 General material 21952-1977, n.d. ?1952- ?1971, n.d. In chronological order. ‘The Cavendish Laboratory’ Includes list of research students and visitors. ‘Notes for new research students’ From Acc 769/16. Staff directory Typescript. Covers history of the Laboratory from its beginnings to the death of Ernest Rutherford (Director of the Cavendish 1919-1937). Pamphlet. Typescript elucidating ‘Sod’s Law’. Also includes list of ‘Sayings of the great’. Lecture list, Lent 1967 Current research in the Department of Physics M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 C.535-C.543 Proposals for Reform In chronological order. C.535-C.537 Natural Sciences Tripos 1954-1977, n.d. 1954-1956, n.d. Typescript memoranda re reform of the Tripos. 3 folders. Includes material from Acc 769/2. ‘Pt Il crystallography’ Typescript. ‘Purpose of PhD course’ Manuscript draft, by Ryle. ‘Part Il major option in astrophysics’ Duplicated typescript, annotated. 2 folders. Typescript circular. C.542, C.543 The future of the radio astronomy group ‘The future of the Cavendish electronics course’ Manuscript draft. Found with typescript ‘Radio astronomy in Cambridge: the next 15 years’ (see C.95). M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 C.544-C.547 Departmental circulars and memoranda 1959-71976 In chronological order. 4 folders. ‘Report on the First Year Practicals’ Typescript Committee. report of the SRC Physics Faculty Sub- C.549-C.585 UNIVERSITY GENERAL 1948-1977 C.549-C.567 M.B. Lecturing and Examining 1948-1949 From Acc 769/27. C.549-C.554 1948x1949 1948x1949 C.549-C.558 Lecture notes 1949, In University’s Bachelor of Medicine degree. Ryle taught and acted as examiner for the ‘Electricity & Magnetism’ and ‘1st M.B. Lectures’ From an envelope so inscribed. Manuscript lecture notes, paginated. 94pp. 1948-1949 From an envelope so inscribed. Manuscript lecture notes, paginated. 63pp. C.555-C.558 ‘1st M.B. Physics (Light)’ C.559-C.567 ‘M.B. Examiner 1949’ 6 folders. 4 folders. 1948x1949 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 From a folder so inscribed. Includes letter of appointment, exam questions and mark sheets of examinations June- December 1949. 9 folders. C.568-C.570 Syllabus for Combining Science and Arts 1956-1958 Typescript memoranda. See also G.57. 3 folders. From Acc 1183. C.571-C.579 Astronomy in the University 1957-1972 From Acc 1183 unless stated otherwise. C.571-C.575 Papers of the Observatories Syndicate 1957-1966 C.576-C.578 1970-1971 3 folders. 5 folders. Includes material from Acc 769/15. Ryle was appointed to Observatories Syndicate for four years, starting on 1 January 1957 (see J211): serve the on Foundation of the Institute of Astronomy Papers of the Astronomy Working Party advising the School of the Physical Sciences re the amalgamation of the Cambridge University Observatory (established in 1823), the Solar Physics Observatory (1912) and the Institute of Theoretical Astronomy (1967). Correspondence and press coverage. Resignation of Sir Fred Hoyle from the Plumian Chair The Institute of Astronomy came into being in 1972. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Cambridge University, C.1-C.585 C.580-C.584 Chair of Navigation 1974-1977 Correspondence and papers re establishment of Francis Chichester Professorship in Navigation. 5 folders. From Acc 1183. Board of Extra-mural Studies 1968, 1974 Correspondence, announcement of ‘Modern astronomy’. lecture series on Includes material from Acc 1128/1. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 SECTION D RESEARCH, D.1-D.461 1945-1989, n.d. D.1-D.295 ASTRONOMICAL RESEARCH D.296-D.448 WINDPOWER RESEARCH D.449-D.461 TIDEPOWER RESEARCH D.1-D.295 ASTRONOMICAL RESEARCH 1945-1982, n.d. Data readings from the 1950s are at K.180-K.201. D.1-D.26A Notebooks D.27-D.295 Notes and data D.1-D.26A Notebooks 1946-1977, n.d. —_jottings. Some _ the notebooks may contain notes Further notebooks were found within research folders and have been retained where found, see D.28, D.58, D.110, D.111, D.160 and D.271. Items D.3-D.6 were accompanied by notes with information on the content, authority unclear, and contain the work of Ryle’s colleague K.E. Machin. The contents of the notebooks are diverse. In addition to research notes and data, bibliographical references and so on, on conference papers and lectures heard, as well as miscellaneous and unidentifiable notebooks _ include intercalated material. middle (including notes on Andromeda) and from the back. Used from the beginning for notes on bandwidth and on ?lectures by E. Orewan and R.A. Smith. Also used in the a notebook principally used At A.390 is for hydrofoil design but including astronomical observations at rear. Ryle by Softback pocket notebook M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 From Acc 769/37. Softback pocket notebook inscribed ‘45’ on front cover. 1947-1950 ‘ is ‘45’ first page Beying On and compendious recorde of...ye C.R.P. set on ye frequencie of XLIV [sic] megga-cycles per seconde’. Record of the commissioning etc of the Long Michelson interferometer built by Ryle and coworkers. authenticke an From Acc 769/37. Hardback notebook inscribed on front cover ‘Summary of Sun’ and on back cover ‘Correlation’ June 1950- August 1951 Used from the front for notes on calculations of solar data by K.E. Machin and at the back for autocorrelations of solar data by Machin. Loose graphs at front. From Acc 769/20. From Acc 769/20. front cover ‘Fourier & August 1950- September 1951 Includes material stapled to pages of the notebook. Hardback notebook inscribed on Eclipse’ Used for notes on observations and calculations of solar data from 80 Mc/s variable spacing interferometer, by K.E. Machin; observations of eclipse 1 September 1951. From Acc 769/20. Hardback notebook inscribed on front cover ‘K.E. Machin. Sun Transits’ Used interferometers including 2 x Wirzburgs. calibration Loose material at back, one pages dated June 1950. June 1950, January- September 1951 of various for using the Sun M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 Hardback notebook Used for data on the transit of the Sun. February- June 1951 Loose material at back. From Acc 769/20. Hardback notebook Used from the front chiefly for working on ideas, including notes on ‘Future aerials’ in which Ryle discusses methods of finding ‘radio stars’ of smaller intensity and on design of new radio telescopes. Used at the back for notes 1954. Loose material (presented at D.8). intercalated, including pocket notebook Entries from this notebook for 8 and 29 June 1954. are referred to by Ryle in his Nobel Prize lecture of 1974 (see A.287). November 1953-July 1956 his article From Acc 1183. Softback pocket notebook found within D.7, inscribed on front cover ‘Cable Book’ March 1955- November Used from the front for notes on cables March 1955-March 1956, and from the back for notes July 1956-November 1957. An entry from the notebook for 22 July 1954 with ‘The first written mention of earth rotation synthesis’ is reproduced by P.A.G. Scheuer in ‘The development of aperture synthesis at Cambridge’ in The early years of Radio Astronomy, ed. W.T. Sullivan Ill (Cambridge 1984), p.256. 1957 Used for notes on conference proceedings and research notes. From Acc 1183. Pocket notebook (lacks covers) From Acc 769/37. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 Spiral bound pocket notebook 1953, 1957 Used for notes on conference proceedings in USA, visit to USA and research notes on aerial design etc. From Acc 769/37. Spiral bound pocket notebook ca 1956 Used from the front and from the back for miscellaneous notes. From Acc 769/37 Pocket notebook 1957-1960 Used at the front for notes on 4C aerial adjustments 1957, and from back for rough draft of 1958 Bakerian lecture, notes 1958-1960 and note on trimaran design. From Acc 769/13. Pocket notebook (lacks covers) From Acc 769/37 July-August 1957 Used for ideas radioastronomy. and calculations on developments in Hardback notebook inscribed ‘Future programmes etc’ on front cover’ 1957-1961 Intercalated material includes ‘A proposed radio-astronomy Cambridge’, experiment ‘An observational test in cosmology’, manuscript calculation and ‘A cosmological thought’, 1p manuscript note. Used for notes on conference proceedings and research notes. at 2pp_ typescript, Spiral bound pocket notebook From Acc 769/37. From Acc 1128/1. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 Spiral bound reporter’s notebook ca 1961 From Acc 1183. bound Spiral Barbara + Berkeley [IAU]’ on front cover notebook pocket inscribed ‘1961 Santa August 1961 Notes made by Ryle during visit to the USA. See H.277. From Acc 769/37. bound Spiral Penticton’ on cover pocket notebook inscribed ‘Sept: 1961 Penticton, British Columbia, Canada, was the site of the Dominion Radio Astrophysical Observatory. Notes made by Ryle during his period at the observatory and later research notes. August- September 1961, March 1962 From Acc 769/37. From Acc 769/17. ca 1965 Spiral bound pocket notebook Spiral bound reporter’s notebook July- September 1962 Used for notes on ?discussion on radio telescope design. Includes from the front rough notes for ?lecture and notes on lecture of W.H. McCrea. Also used at the back. ca 1971 Inscription on cover crossed out. From Acc 769/37. Softback pocket notebook From Acc 769/37. Softback pocket notebook M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 Most pages not used. From Acc 769/37. Softback pocket notebook Used at the front and at the back. Most pages not used. From Acc 769/37 Softback pocket notebook 1968, 1972- 1973, 1977 including Much intercalated material Patrick Moore re 20th anniversary programme of BBC TV The Sky at Night asking Ryle's views on changes in astronomy 1957 to 1977, annotated by Ryle, and 2pp typescript of vote of thanks to Chancellor of Strathclyde University at Honorary Degree presentation, 1968 (see A.218). letter from From Acc 1183. September- October 1974, 1976 From Acc 1183. Hardback notebook Softback pocket notebook From Acc 1183. Hardback notebook Used for 3C data. September 1974-January 1975 Includes intercalated material, some data dated 1976. From Acc 1183. Used for 3C data. Only a few pages used. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 D.27-D.295 Notes and data 1945-1982, n.d. This is principally the contents of folders of Ryle’s research notes, data, calculations, jottings and ideas, though there may also be letters, offprints, etc. Much of the material is very difficult to identify or to date. Ryle frequently reused the backs of pages of drafts, letters and earlier notes. Some folders and individual documents were annotated by notes with information on the content, authority unclear. D.27, D.28 ‘First postwar research ideas’ 1945-1946 Contents of folder so inscribed divided into two for ease of reference: principally manuscript notes, some on backs of envelopes. Also includes annotated typescript ‘Notes on radio research programme 6 May 1945’ letter informing Ryle of his promotion to acting Senior Scientific Officer, 25 May 1945. D.28 is spiral bound pocket notebook found in the folder used from the front and at the back. Most pages not used. From Acc 769/9. Cosmic noise 1945-1946 D.30-D.39 ‘Solar observations & theory’ 1946-1952 Copies of ‘Proposed programme for investigation of solar and cosmic noise’, 21 November 1945 and ‘Notes on future noise programme 23rd August 1946’; manuscript graph. 1946-1947 ‘Increase of radio frequency radiation from the sun during sun spot activity’, typescript, 16 February 1946; ‘Radio frequency radiations from the sun’, typescript, 20 March 1947 Contents of folder so inscribed: principally manuscript and typescript drafts by Ryle. From Acc 1125. From Acc 769/9. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 ‘Solar radiation on 175 Mc/s’ with D.D. Vonberg (Nature, vol 158 (1946), 339), duplicated typescript, with offprint of subsequent note in Nature by Ryle and Vonberg, 1947; typescript drafts on design of Radio Frequency Unit. Correspondence and papers re proposed observations of total solar eclipse, November 1948 1947-1948 ‘Solar Remarks on Pawsey, paper to December radio-frequency J.L. of Electrical Engineers, 7 radiation’ by Institution 1948, 1949 Includes revised copy of Pawsey’s paper, 1949. Manuscript drafts on ‘The absorbtion of radio waves in the solar atmosphere’ and ‘Scattering of radio waves in the solar envelope’ and ‘The electron temperature in the solar envelope’ ca 1950-1951 of and papers re ‘The ca 1952 1950-1951 Published in Nature vol 167 (1951), 889-891. Correspondence radiation across the solar disk at 85 Mc/s’ by K.E. Machin distribution ‘Some investigations of the solar corona by radio methods’ by Ryle, duplicated typescript with manuscript corrections; ‘The structure of the outermost layers of the solar corona’, manuscript note. ca 1946-1952 ‘An instrumental development in radio astronomy’ by R.N. Bracewell, duplicated typescript + figure on the CSIRO Radiophysics Laboratory, The Observatory, The paper, developments at Sydney, Australia. Miscellaneous notes, graphs and data published in reports M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 Photographs 1946, 1947 Photograph inscribed on verso ‘Work of art based on Ryle and Vonberg (1946) solar fringes’; two photographs dated March 1947 from Mount Wilson Observatory, Pasadena, California, USA. D.40-D.49 ‘Scientific notes & programmes’ 1946-1951 Contents of folder so inscribed. From Acc 769/3. the ‘Notes on April 1946’, typescript; ‘Summary of Covington’s work on 2800 MC/S (10.7 cm) noise’, typescript; manuscript notes of extra-terrestrial noise 9th origin 1946, 1948 ‘Radio Optics (JAR)’ Manuscript notes by Ryle on course by J.A. Ratcliffe. Manuscript notes 1948-1949 ‘Proposed extension of radio astronomy programme’ The grant proposed the construction of new stellar aerials and associated equipment. Manuscript and typescript drafts. Also includes ‘Revised estimate of grant needed for one year of radio astronomy programme’. astronomy Clipped to the notes was later note, ‘Appear to be ca 1948- 49, for Admiralty advisory committee re underwater detection of submarines, which led him to think of the phase-switch scheme’. ‘Notes on future aerials for stellar observations’ and ‘Solar noise programme’ typescript; manuscript notes Typescript notes on application for grant for work on radio Ryle’s notes ca 1948-1949 1949, 1951 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 References are made to the DSIR grant for September 1949-September 1952 grant funding. additional proposed and ‘A note on the future of radio astronomy in Cambridge’ by J.A. Ratcliffe and ‘Notes on radio astronomy programme’ by Ryle, typescript October 1950 ‘Radiations from the sun and stars’ by F. Graham Smith, typescript + figures August 1948 oscillations’ ‘Plasma-electron Emeléus, typescript + figures. by T.R. Neill and K.G. ca 1949 Miscellaneous notes and data ca 1948-1951 D.50, D.51 Figures. From Acc 769/16. From Acc 1128/1. 1946, 1977, n.d. Miscellaneous notes and figures Miscellaneous drafts, notes and figures Includes Ryle’s manuscript ‘Brief account of work we have done at Cambridge’ ca 1946-1955 Includes ‘A rate-aided D.R. compass’ Includes typescript. ‘The scattering of rays in the solar corona’, M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 ‘Theory of solar & stellar radiation’ 1947-1949 Contents of folder so inscribed: miscellaneous manuscript and typescript notes. From Acc 769/24. Includes notes on ?discussions with H.O.G. Alfven on trokotron [trochotron] design, 11 July 1947, draft letters to P.M.S. Blackett, ca 1948, notes on stellar magnetic fields, n.d. Includes manuscript notes on ‘Discussion with Prof. Alfven 21.9.48’ on the trochotron and notes headed ‘Prof [H.] Zanstra’ on the solar corona. D.56-D.72 Contents of untitled folder From Acc 769/6. Softback pocket notebook inscribed ‘81.5’ on front cover ‘An account of recently published work on solar noise’, manuscript Used for notes on aerial developments and observations with the Long Michelson interferometer. ‘The detection of a small signal originating from a point source against a large background signal of diffuse origin’, typescript possible 45 Mc/s experiments. Miscellaneous typescript and manuscript notes August 1949- August 1950 Loose material intercalated. 1947-1949 ‘Notes typescript and manuscript notes; radio astronomy programme. 1950’, manuscript notes on May on M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 Miscellaneous manuscript notes on stars, solar corona, etc the nature of radio Diary (1950-1951) ca 1951 Used from the back for notes and calculations. There are a few diary entries. Miscellaneous notes, correspondence and papers in waves thermal ‘Plasma equilibrium’ Includes and ‘Additions’ by D. Gabor, March; copy of letter from J.H. Oort, 2 May with typescript translation of work by H.C. van de Hulst on estimating radiation from the universe, first sent to R. Hanbury Brown; undated draft of letter to Oort; ‘Suggested theoretical problems in radio astronomy which might be considered at Cambridge, 10 August 1951’ of ten bright radio sources’ by Ryle, D.66-D.72 See also H.381, H.382. ‘Report on British work in radio astronomy for Commission V at the Xth General Assembly of URSI’ Duplicated typescript draft script for BBC radio broadcast from the Cavendish Laboratory, 7 August; ‘Notes on the identification F. Graham Smith and D.W. Dewhirst, typescript, 13 October 1952; ‘Note for ‘Proceedings of Observatories’ ‘on current work’, typescript From Acc 769/3. At D.71 is photograph of ‘Radio sources in Cassiopeia’. Miscellaneous notes, graphs, figures and data Contents of folder so inscribed. ‘Scientific notes & calculations’ 6 folders and 1 roll (D.72). 1951-1954 and n.d. D.73-D.81 1948-1950 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 ‘BBC report on radio propagation conditions’ for May and June 1949, typescript; ‘Standard symbols for record chart marking’, of galactic radiation manuscript typescript; sources draft on ca 1948-1949 The manuscript draft may be an early version of a letter to Nature. Data on Cygnus fluctuations 1948-1949 Data on Cygnus and Cassiopeia, with typescript extract from letter, University, asking that Ryle send information on his observations on Cygnus A and Cassiopeia A. 1949, from ‘CLS’ at Cornell ca Miscellaneous notes and data Includes notes from visit to Paris 1950, annotated ‘Bolton’ D.79-D.81 D.82-D.87 3 folders. of Rept Prog Phys vol 13 ca 1949 Miscellaneous notes, graphs, figures and data Published in AJSR vol A3 (1950), as paper III in the series Incomplete typescript draft (1950), with figures Typescript draft of ‘Galactic radiation at radio frequencies. Il. Galactic structure’ by J.G. Bolton and K.C. Westfold From Acc 769/24. Includes blueprints of Phase-switch unit and Cosmic Ray Pyrometer Mark II Follower Unit (D.82-D.84). Contents of folder so inscribed divided into six for ease of reference: notes, printed material and plans. ‘Receivers + Aerials’ ca 1948-1950 1948-1952 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 D.88-D.98 ‘Misc. notes, reports’ 1945-1950 Contents duplicated typescript and printed material. inscribed: folder so _ of chiefly typescript, From Acc 769/24. ‘The theory of space-charge wave amplification’ by G.C. Macfarlane With manuscript notes found therewith. Telecommunications memorandum no. 48. Research Establishment noise ‘Solar Covington, typescript + tables and figures observations, 10.7 centimeters’ by A.E. the ‘On typescript origin of the cosmic radiation’ by E. Fermi, at by R. Research by A.M. Establishment of metre ‘Theory of Woodward variable components of solar Payne-Scott, the wave-lengths’ a two-beam electron-wave tube’ Telecommunications memorandum no. 83. ‘Characteristics radiation typescript With manuscript notes found therewith. ‘A survey of the present state of the theory of plasma oscillations Gabor, duplicated typescript ‘A note on the error of analogue computers’ by T.W.R. East duty cycle type multiple for ‘Group note N1’ and electron interaction’ by D. a M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 Miscellaneous manuscript notes 1949-1950 D.96-D.98 Miscellaneous printed etc material 1945-1949 3 folders. D.99-D.107 ‘Bibliographies + Notes on articles’ 1948-1951 Contents of folder so inscribed. From Acc 769/25. D.99-D.101 Radio Astronomy bibliographies, of Engineering, Cornell University, New York, USA School Electrical 1948-1950 Bound volumes December 1948, 1950. July 1949, February 3 folders. Abstracts 3 folders. typescript abstracts of recent articles D.102-D.104 Miscellaneous manuscript and typescript references and bibliographical notes and lists Duplicated on ‘Propagation’, ‘lonosphere’, ‘Physics of the Universe’, Solar noise’ etc, compiled for internal use by members of the department, including Ryle. 1949-1950 ‘A bibliography of the thermodynamics of electron streams and of ionized media’ compiled at Imperial College London Duplicated typescript. ‘Abstracts Australia Committee on Radio Science of 1948-1950’ published papers compiled research in National Bound volume. on by radio Australian M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 D.108-D.113 ‘Aerial designs’ 1949-1953 Contents of folder so inscribed. From Acc 769/2. Correspondence the Maintenance Company re Interferometer from Includes blueprint. Telegraph cabling for Construction & the Cambridge 1949-1950 Miscellaneous diagrams manuscript notes, calculations and ca 1950 Softback exercise book inscribed ‘New Aerial’ cover on front 1951-1953 Used for notes on construction and testing of Cambridge Interferometer for the Second Cambridge Catalogue (2C). 2 folders. D.114-D.120 ca 1951 D112, D113 Intercalated material at back. Softback Royal Air Force exercise book Miscellaneous manuscript notes and graphs Used for various notes, including antennae design. Intercalated material includes photograph of equipment, April 1951. Research. D.112 includes note by K.E. Machin referring to work of Ryle. ‘A radio-astronomy study of the Sun’ by K.E. Machin was This at Cambridge to the Department of Scientific and Industrial radio-astronomy report work on on a M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 Contents of folder so inscribed divided into seven for ease of reference: manuscript and typescript rough draft. From Acc 769/27. ‘lonospheric winds’ ca 1950-1951 Contents of folder so inscribed: ‘Winds and turbulence in the upper atmosphere’ by J.A. Ratcliffe, sent to Ryle for comment, March 1951; manuscript notes; 1950 offprint on scintillation of stars. From Acc 769/24. D.122-D.125 ‘Assorted notes + calc’s on radio astronomy’ ca 1952-1953 Contents of folder so inscribed divided into four for ease of reference: chiefly manuscript notes, jottings, calculations etc. At D.122 is ‘The phase-time racket’, not in Ryle’s hand; at D.125 is material from Ryle’s visit to the USA, January-May 1953. D.126-D.129 From Acc 769/16. From Acc 769/24. Manuscript notes by Ryle Ryle attended an URSI Joint Meeting at the National Bureau of Standards, Washington DC, April, and the 90th Annual Meeting of the National Academy of Sciences, April. 1953-1955 P.A.G. Scheuer was born in Frankfurt am Main, Germany, in 1930. He became a naturalized British subject in 1946, and studied at St John’s College, Cambridge, England. He became a research student in the Radio Astronomy Group of the Cavendish Laboratory in 1951, working under Ryle. This October the University’s Hamilton Prize, which he won. ‘The origin of galactic radio radiation with special reference to the contribution from H regions’, essay by P.A.G. Scheuer Il essay was submitted in 1953 for M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 Contents of folder so inscribed. From Acc 769/14. D.126, D.127 Typescript draft 2 folders. Incomplete manuscript draft Draft of incomplete letter to van de Hulst ?from Scheuer D.130-D.136 ‘Odd notes, calc’s, reprints’ 1954-1959 Contents of folder so inscribed. From Acc 769/11. 1953-1954 1953-1954 ca 1954, on nine typescript ca radio sources ‘Radio 1954; identified stars and _ by ‘Radio astronomy at Cambridge’ by Ryle, typescript Papers re application for grant for radio astronomy from the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research ‘Some notes Dr Dewhirst, their cosmological significance’, duplicated typescript summary annotated ‘Halley lecture 5/55’ 1955 ‘A new background survey’ of cosmic radiation, by J.H. Blythe, typescript by [P.A.G.] Scheuer for 1954 thesis (profiles of ‘Calculations to do with 1420 Mc H | line [...]’ Refers with work with P.A.G. Scheuer. ‘Plots galactic plane)’ M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 Letter from John Baldwin to Ryle, ca 1959; miscellaneous 1954-ca 1959 Baldwin was asked by Ryle to reanalyze angular diameters of radio sources in the 3C survey. D.137-D.159 ‘2C Survey Data Reduction’ 1954-1955 on observations The Second Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources (2C), Cambridge based Interferometer at 81.5 MHz, was published in 1955. It comprised a list of 1,936 sources between declinations -38 and +83 and identified two distinct classes of radio star. made with the Contents of folder so inscribed. From Acc 769/6. D.137-D.141 ‘The spatial distribution and the nature of radio stars’ by Ryle and P.A.G. Scheuer 1954-1955 Published in Proceedings of the Royal Society A, vol 230 (1955), 448-462. D.139-D.141 2 folders. 3 folders. 2 folders. D.142, D.143 D.137, D.138 Manuscript draft ‘A new Statistical method for the study of radio stars’ Duplicated typescript draft ‘Not completely corrected’ ‘The new Cambridge radio telescope’ and ‘Il The ‘The nature & distribution of the radio sources’ Rough manuscript draft. Rough manuscript draft. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 Cambridge survey’ Rough manuscript drafts. Incomplete manuscript draft D.147, D.148 Miscellaneous notes on analysis of data etc. 2 folders. D.149-D.159 Data from the 2C survey Includes calculations. manuscript 11 folders. notes, plots and and D.160-D.164 ‘3C Survey Analysis’ 1955-1957 From Acc 769/13. Softback exercise book Contents of folder so inscribed. Used from the front for 3C survey analysis, including notes paginated 96-116, 1955-1956, and at the back for notes on J.A. Ratcliffe’s course on Fourier Transforms, 1956. The Third Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources (3C) the Cambridge was based on observations made with Interferometer at 159 MHz and then at 178 MHz. It was published in 1959. 1955-1956 Scheuer writes from Catterick Camp, Yorkshire, where he Includes letter from Scheuer to his ‘second attempt at the probability argument in my paper on analysing radio star records’. Ratcliffe with J.A. Chiefly on probability distribution, P(D), of radio stars. Correspondence S[hakeshaft] from P.A.G. Scheuer and John M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 was undergoing National Service with the Royal Signals. D.162-D.164 Data from the 3C survey 1955-1957 Includes calculations. manuscript 3 folders. notes, plots and graphs, and D.165-D.168 ‘Sputnik | tracking’ 1957-1958 Contents of folder so inscribed. From Acc 769/26. ‘Radio observations of the Russian satellite by the staff of the duplicated typescript Radio Astronomy Observatory’, Mullard National Year Committee for the coordinated UK monitoring International the of The British Geophysical satellite. Report on observations of Sputnik |, January 1958 Papers of the Royal Society’s British National Committee for the International Geophysical Year Manuscript material, including graph plotting the progress of the satellite 1958-1959 ‘Notes on Hi Fi intensity survey, August 1959’, typescript Work by P.A.G. Scheuer and Ryle Soviet News, 21 D.169-D.171 1958-1959 From Acc 769/18. Typescript data M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 Manuscript notes and calculations 1958-1959 Some in Scheuer’s hand. D.172-D.174 ‘Aperture synthesis’ ca 1958-1959 From Acc 769/9. ‘Aperture synthesis using the earth’s rotation’, typescript ‘A new 80 Mc radio star aerial’, typescript Miscellaneous notes, calculations and data D.175-D.181 Galactic and extra-galactic radio sources 1959-1972 From Acc 1183. radio stars. A survey at Contents of folder. Offprint, with later manuscript material intercalated. This was the published Third Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources (3C). a ‘The Cambridge survey of frequency of 159 Mc/s’ by D.O. Edge et al, and ‘The positions, flux densities and angular diameters of 64 radio sources observed at a frequency of 178 Mc/s’ by Ryle et al. Memoirs of the Royal Astronomical Society vol 68 (1959) astronomy - theoretical problems’, 17 November; ‘Random ‘American tropospheric work (from John Hagen)’ Duplicated typescript and manuscript notes Typescript notes about his planned observations at 3cm, 8mm and 3mm. information received from Hagen on ‘Extragalactic radio on Includes Notes on meeting M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 thoughts on galactic radio emission and magnetic fields’ by J.R. Shakeshaft; notes on ‘Pulsar discussion -21.11.69’ and ‘Proposals for the structure of meetings in the Radio Astronomy Group’, 19 December. Duplicated typescript and manuscript notes Includes ‘150 MHz telescope’ by J.E. Baldwin, and ‘Energy supply in radio galaxies’. Notes on meetings 1971-1972 Duplicated typescript notes on meeting on extragalactic radio sources, 10 February 1971, ‘Millimetre programme’, 11 October 1971, and ‘Millimetre Discussion’, 20 January 1972. Typescript notes on extra-galactic radio sources post 1970 to the Third P.A.G. Scheuer and Contents of untitled folder Much of Cambridge Catalogue of Radio Sources (3C). material appears to relate this 1950s-1960s, n.d. ‘The evolution of radio sources’, typescript These short notes by Ryle, M.S. Longair discuss physics and related problems of extra- galactic radio sources. Galaxy maps etc. Includes plot of Sputnik satellite, October 1957. From Acc 769/15. 1950s Data from 3C survey D.182-D.188 D.184, D.185 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 2 folders. Chiefly of NGC 1275 (Perseus A) and NGC 4374 (in Virgo). D.186-D.188 Notes, graphs, calculations etc 3 folders. D.189-D.195 ‘Odd’ 1950s-1970s Contents of folder so inscribed divided into seven for ease of reference: miscellaneous notes, graphs, photographs of galaxy maps, etc retained in order found. At D.190 is plot of historical observations of Cassiopeia. From Acc 1183. D.196-D.200 ‘M.R. Odd notes’ early 1960s From Acc 1183. Contents of folder so inscribed. ‘1. Study of radio ca 1963 Untitled manuscript draft beginning galaxies now reached exciting stage’ ‘The radio frequency spectra of discrete radio sources’ by R.G. Conway et al. The back pages are used by Ryle for manuscript notes on 3C data. n.d. Material re the discovery of pulsars in July 1967 by Jocelyn Miscellaneous manuscript notes, calculations and jottings early 1960s D.201-D.203 ‘Pulsars’ 21967, 1968, ca 1963 D.198-D.200 3 folders. Contents of folder so inscribed. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 and Bell discovery in Nature vol 217, February 1968 (D.202). publication Hewish Antony and the of the From Acc 769/14. Draft of letter from Ryle to Woolley reporting the discovery, with Woolley’s reply February 1968 a rapdily pulsating radio source’ by A. ‘Observation of Hewish, oscillation periods for Hamada-Salpeter models of white dwarfs’ by J. Skilling, commenting on the discovery. typescript, ‘Radial S.J. Bell al, et ‘Blue sky survey print’ showing position of ‘LGM 1’; notes from ‘Derek’ and S.J. Bell on positions of LGM 1 and LGM 2-4; graph; ‘Application for patent by A. Hewish, n.d. 21967, 1968, n.d. The data is identified LGM 1 etc, for ‘Little Green Men’. D.206, D.207 From Acc 769/15. From Acc 769/15. Not in Ryle’s hand. ‘Radio source structure’ ‘5 GHZ tests’, manuscript Manuscript outline of research by ‘CDM 27/7/68’. ca 1968 ‘lonospheric refraction corrections’ by R.A Hinder Contents of folder so inscribed. Duplicated typescript. From Acc 1183. ‘Useful data’ M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 Miscellaneous material ‘5 km Includes (‘nodding’)’, typescript instructions; ‘Meridian obs. refraction effects at 178 Mc/s (at Cambridge latitude)’, manuscript. telescope guiding Offset ‘Polarisation’ 1969, 1972 of so folder Contents from Marconi Co. Ltd on feeds for the Cambridge aerial; and note on ‘Spurious polarization with waveguide polarizor’, typescript inscribed: includes letter From Acc 1183. D.209-D.213 Miscellaneous notes, graphs, data, etc At D.209 is comments by M.S. Longair on ‘Perseus Cluster paper’ by Ryle. May include earlier material. 5 folders. From Acc 769/15. From Acc 769/15. Miscellaneous notes Miscellaneous notes, graphs and calculations Includes annotated duplicated typescript notes of One Mile Telescope meeting, 5 December 1966. From Acc 1183. Contents of folder so inscribed. May include earlier material. 1960s-early 1970s ‘Old Res. notes’ From Acc 769/19. D.216-D.219 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 Manuscript notes by R.A. Hinder ‘Points to note about atmospheric phase noise’, January; ‘Diurnal & seasonal variation of atmospheric phase noise’, March; ‘Radio path length variations induced by water evaporated from a forest’, June. ‘Observations of atmospheric turbulence with telescope at 5 GHz’ by R.A. Hinder, typescript a radio June 1969 Typescript notes on work in progress February 1972 Miscellaneous manuscript notes 1960s-1970s D.220-D.226 Contents of untitled folder early 1970s Miscellaneous drafts, notes and figures. From Acc 1183. ‘Can the fundamental system by replaced by a reference system of galaxies’ by W. Fricke, typescript Annotated ‘JRS [Shakeshaft]’. Typescript draft of ‘Possible plan for astrometry lecture’ ?by Ryle Annotated ‘JRS [Shakeshaft]’. With manuscript comments found attached. ca 1970 Refers to chapter 16 of W.M. Smart, Spherical Astronomy (Cambridge University Press, 1931). Elsmore was based at the Mullard Radio Astronomy Observatory. ‘Smart Chapter 16 by B. Elsmore’, typescript Annotated ‘First draft’. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 Data from One Mile telescope D.224-D.226 Miscellaneous notes, graphs, etc early 1970s 3 folders. Miscellaneous drafts, notes and figures 1971-1973 Contents of untitled folder: includes computer print-out of list of pulsars from Yervant Terzian, Cornell University, January 1971; ‘Scintillations synthesis’ by Ryle, typescript, February 1972; and ‘Choice of site for the MK VA radio telescope’, typescript, January 1973. From Acc 1183. ‘Cygnus companion?’ by B.L. Webster and P. Murdin spectroscopic binary X-1 a - with a heavy From Acc 1183. 1972-1973 1972-1973 Copy of typescript with manuscript workings. From Acc 1183. Typescript draft sent to Ryle for comment, with his and B.L. Fanaroffs manuscript notes and calculations attached. ‘Precise positions of radio sources. IV. Improved solutions and error analysis for 59 sources’ by P. Brosche et al Correspondence from C.A. Murray re positions of radio sources, with manuscript notes and graphs From Acc 1183. Murray was based at the Royal Greenwich Observatory, Herstmonceaux Castle, Sussex. See also D.248. ‘Some problems in radio galaxies!’ by Ryle, typescript From Acc 1183. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 ‘°3C 33/61.1/379.1/390.3’, typescript notes on a draft paper Manuscript notes on backs of last two pages, not in Ryle’s hand. From Acc 1183. ‘Bent components manuscript annotations by Ryle radio in galaxies’, typescript with With manuscript notes found therewith. From Acc 1183 D.234, D.235 Contents of untitled folder From Acc 1183. Photographs and plots of galaxies (in 3C survey) draft letter to V. Kotelnikov re ‘Sixth radio outburst of Cygnus X-3’ by K.A. Marsh, C.R. Purton and P.A. Feldman Offprint from Nature vol 248 (1974), annotated by Feldman with note of future plans for study of Cygnus X-3. ‘The measurement of circular polarization’ by Ryle, June 1974; proposed collaboration; etc Contents of folder so inscribed. Correspondence and data re 3C quasars. Contents of untitled folder ‘Radio galaxies’ From Acc 1183. From Acc 1183. D.238-D.241 1974, 1976 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 From Acc 1183. Print-out of ‘P distribution of whole of 3CR (with Z or mv measurements) miscellaneous material found therewith comparison’, with for Material found therewith includes notes of ‘Extragalactic radio source meeting, 24 January. ‘The component structure in e.g. radio sources’ by Ryle, manuscript ca 1974 With rough notes found therewith. Notes of ‘Extragalactic’ meetings; ‘Problems related to the Theory typescript; manuscript notes Extragalactic Sources’, Radio of 1974, 1976 D.242-D.247 6 folders. D.248-D.254 ‘Old astronomy’ early 1970s From Acc 1183. Untitled bundle of notes and data Chiefly from galaxies 3C 84 (Perseus A), 3C 273B and 3C 279. Contents of untitled envelope: plots, photographs etc of Abell 754 galaxy cluster. source positions and manuscript notes. Contents of folder so inscribed: chiefly material on radio source positions. Includes exchange with C.A. Murray (see D.230), lists of Correspondence and papers re source positions From Acc 1183. 1970, 1972 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 D.249-D.252 Papers by C.M. Wade, M.H. Cohen et positions of radio sources al on precise 1970, 1972 4 folders. Graphs ?comparing findings of Wade, Cohen and 5km telescope ca 1972 Manuscript notes D.255-D.261 ‘Circ[ular] Polfarisatio]n’ early 1970s early 1970s Contents of folder so inscribed: material re article by Ryle, D.M. of the polarisation of some compact radio sources at 5 GHZ’ ‘Observations Waggett, Odell P.C. and From Acc 1183. 3 folders. D.259-D.261 3 folders. D.255-D.257 drafts, Miscellaneous manuscript notes and graphs; data Duplicated typescript and printed background material Typescript and manuscript drafts and pages of corrections and suggestions ‘Aperture synthesis observations of circular polarization: | Methods and of 1.4 GHz’ by K.W. Weiler and E. unresolved sources at ‘Small-scale structure of quasars and galactic nuclei at radio wavelengths’ by M.H. Cohen Offprint, with manuscript notes etc intercalated. their application From Acc 1183. to the observation M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 Raimund Preprint, with manuscript notes etc intercalated. Published in Astronomy and Astrophysics vol. 52 (1976). See also D.275. From Acc 1183. Data on galaxy 3C 273 3C 273 was the first quasar to be identified. It constellation of Virgo. is in the From Acc 1183. ‘Research programmes’ ‘Extragalactic’, Contents of folder so inscribed: includes typescript notes headed on results of observations at various GHz; letter from ‘Adrian’ at Cambridge Institute of Astronomy on observation of W50 nebula, May 1976. ‘Structure galaxies’ and of From Acc 1183. From Acc 1183. From Acc 1183. ca 1976 D.267-D.270 ‘R.A. Notes & memos’ Contents of untitled envelope Miscellaneous manuscript notes etc. From Acc 1183. Contents of folder so titled: data, miscellaneous manuscript notes, Typescripts, Cygnus Np programme’ ‘Deduction from tail’, ‘The Cygnus paper et polarization maps of the - agreed al M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 D.268-D.270 Miscellaneous manuscript notes and graphs; data 3 folders. From Acc 1183. D.271-D.274 ‘Odd’ early 1970s- 1980 Contents of folder so inscribed divided into four for ease of reference: miscellaneous notes, jottings, graphs, data and photographs. Include observations on Cygnus. From Acc 769/19. accuracy measurements of ‘High polarisation at A 49 cm’ by K.W. Weiler and A.S. Wilson linear and circular with letter covering Preprint photocopied material and offprint of ‘Aperture synthesis observations of circular polarization: || Observation of resolved sources at 1.4 GHz’ by K.W. Weiler and E. Raimond, Astronomy and Astrophysics vol. 54 (1977). See D.263. Weiler, from catalogue D.276, D.277 From Acc 1183. From Acc 1183. ‘MR Astronomical papers’ Contents of folder so inscribed divided into two for ease of reference: miscellaneous notes and data, chiefly on 3C 405 (Cygnus A). ‘A polarization measurements’ by K.W. Weiler and |. de Pater, typescript with minor annotations Manuscript and copy manuscript graphs Possibly compiled for publications. From Acc 1200. From Acc 1183. of high accuracy circular M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 D.280-D.291 ‘Odd’ 1950s-1970s and n.d. Contents of folder so inscribed. From Acc 769/17. ‘Radio telescopes’, typescript with manuscript additions early 1960s ‘The measurement of radio sources’, typescript with extensive manuscript correction, photocopy the accurate positions of ‘Supersynthesis tables 38.5 ft’ ca 1965 Bound volume. D.283-D.291 Miscellaneous notes, jottings, graphs, data and photograph 1950s-1970s 9 folders. of n.d.; rails of Includes data D.292-D.294 includes’ aerial Ottawa, Contents of untitled folder photograph Canada, Most of the material that can be identified appears to relate to the 3C survey. Dominion D.286 Observatory, D.290, correspondence from Ministry of Public Building and Works re checks on the Cambridge radio telescope, February 1966; D.291, list of ‘Range Day jobs’, 1965 and ‘Notes on sources to be analysed 2/1/66’ listing 3C 134, 223.1, 250, 313, 323, 340 and 436. and n.d. Miscellaneous drafts, notes and figures. from galaxies 3C 274, 299R, 405. Photocopy manuscript table titled “VLBI ROGERS- CAMB’ From Acc 1183. 3 folders. From Acc 1183. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 D.296-D.448 WINDPOWER RESEARCH 1960s-1989, n.d. D.296-D.342 Design, construction and testing of equipment D.343-D.359 D.360-D.369 Administration, planning and funding of windpower research at Cambridge Cavendish Laboratory Wind Energy Group Publications D.370-D.400 Correspondence D.401-D.405 Publications D.406-D.413 Illustrative material D.414-D.448 Background material D.296-D.342 Design, construction and testing of equipment 1975-1982, n.d. From Acc 788/50. ‘Early Ideas!’ Bundle so labelled. D.296-D.299 ‘Martin's WINDMILL DESIGNS 1 & 2’ Contents of folder so inscribed: manuscript notes, sketches and calculations, correspondence from D.R. Mackay. Drawing of blueprints and construction of test equipment was done by Donald R. Mackay of the Britannia Works in Cambridge. Untitled bundle, ?windmill number 2 ‘Windmill No. 1’ Bundle so labelled. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 Loose manuscript notes etc. D.300-D.302 ‘Other windmill designs’ Contents of folder so inscribed divided into three for ease of photocopied material, sketches and calculations, commercial literature. manuscript notes, reference: From Acc 788/50. D.303-D.307 Blueprints etc of equipment Some prepared by D.R. Mackay. 5 folders. From Acc 788/50. ‘Windmill D. Mackay 17.2.75’ From Acc 788/51. From Acc 788/51. Blueprints inscribed: material, sketches D.309-D.311 Blueprints etc of equipment manuscript notes, Contents of envelope so and_ calculations, photocopied commercial literature and correspondence. From Acc 1183. Commercial correspondence re supply of alternator, and commercial literature thereon; manuscript calculations. Manuscript notes, calculations etc found therewith Contents of untitled envelope D.310, D.311 2 folders. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 D.313-D.317 ipo VWV.R. 1975-1976 Contents of a folder so inscribed divided into five for ease of reference: manuscript notes and calculations; computer generated data is PFS Cambridge. P.F. Scott, a researcher on windpower at From Acc 1183. D.318, D.319 ‘Windmill sliprings’ Contents of envelope so inscribed: commercial literature with notes by ‘AS’. 2 folders. From Acc 1183. Contents of untitled envelope ‘Heat pump’ ca 1976 inscribed: draft letter to From Acc 1183. of folder so Blueprints of braking mechanism, by D.R. Mackay. Contents ‘J’; manuscript notes, diagram of ‘Schematic system layout for wind driven heat pump’. inscribed: manuscript ‘Summary of ETSU Report (+ my comments)’ Contents of energy in wind. inscribed: manuscript notes on Contents of Ryle’s envelope so ‘Energy + nuclear issues’ From Acc 788/50. From Acc 1183. folder so M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 notes. The report referred to is, ‘The prospects for the generation of electricity from wind energy in the United Kingdom’, Energy Technology Support Unit, February 1977. From Acc 1183. D.324-D.329 ‘Wind turbines’ 1977-1979 Contents of Ryle’s folder so inscribed. From Acc 1183. Correspondence with B.D. Jones, Rutherford Laboratory 1977, 1978 Includes correspondence re Ryle’s grant application to the Energy Proposals Committee for work on blade design and control systems (see also D.347), papers for Workshop on Wind Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge, 13 January 1978. Energy Research and Development, Computer generated data D.328, D.329 2 folders. problems in wind turbine Manuscript notes and graphs etc ‘Wind energy systems’, manuscript not in Ryle’s hand generator systems - ‘R&D discussion note for wind energy workshop, Cambridge, January 1978’ by R.J. Leicester et al. From Acc 1183. Manuscript notes, including notes on ‘Propeller no. 2’. Contents of untitled envelope ca 1977 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 Miscellaneous manuscript notes and calculations 1977-1981 From Acc 1183. D.332-D.335 ‘Mosquito wing dr[awing]gs’ Contents of envelope so inscribed: copies of plans for the construction Mosquito aeroplane. Havilland wings the de of of The wings of the Mosquito were largely constructed from birch plywood and Ryle was interested in their construction in relation to the design of windmills. 4 folders. From Acc 1183. ‘Wind Turbines’ Memorandum with manuscript notes found therewith. September 1980 axis wind - ca 1980 turbines From Acc 788/50. From Acc 769/15. From Acc 788/52. ‘Horizontal and experimental analysis’ outline of planned book by S.J.R. Powles a _ theoretical Miscellaneous manuscript notes, calculations etc. From Acc 769/15. Gliders are constructed from ultra-lightweight materials and Ryle was interested in their construction in relation to the design of windmills. Photocopied material on glider construction M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 D.340-D.342 Miscellaneous notes, calculations etc 3 folders. From Acc 1183. D.343-D.359 Administration, planning and funding of windpower research at Cambridge 1977-1982, n.d. Material re reports on progress, grant applications etc. See also F.117, F.118, F.118, F.120. D.343-D.345 Correspondence and papers re participation in consortium investigating horizontal axis windmills This consortium was formed at the initiative of P. Musgrove of Reading University. See also D.385. 3 folders. From Acc 1183. From Acc 1183. includes brief account of windmill research at D.344 Cambridge. ‘Wind energy in the Cavendish’ by Ryle, typescript and manuscript, with extensive manuscript corrections Grant application to the Science Research Council Energy Proposals Committee ‘Investigations into the design of wind energy systems’ From Acc 1183. ‘Wind energy in Cambridge’ by Ryle, manuscript notes See also D.324. From Acc 1183. March 1977 ca 1977 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 Miscellaneous material From Acc 1183. 1978-1980 D.350-D.352 ‘Wind-power and other alternative sources of energy’ ca 1978 Description of research projects and previous research at Cambridge. Probably for grant proposal. Manuscript and typescript drafts. 3 folders. From Acc 788/50. Grant applications to the Science Research Council, ‘The stressing of wind turbine blades and associated structures’ and ‘The stressing of wind turbine blades of different construction’ 1980-1981 Includes Council. From Acc 1183. negative response from Science Research Correspondence and memoranda re wind energy work within the radio astronomy group. Agreement with UKAEA for, ‘Comparison of wind tunnel tests, field tests and computer models of 3 metre horizontal axis wind turbine motors’ 1980 Copy of letter from A.J.F. Metherell to D.J. Milborrow of the Central Electricity Research Laboratories, summarising discussions on wind power projects Includes ‘Provision of facilities for the wind energy projects’ by A.J.F. Metherell. November- December 1980 From Acc 1183. From Acc 1183. From Acc 1183. December M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 power ‘Wind natural machine-generated turbulence’, photocopy typescript generation: effects the of and Description of research project and previous research at Cambridge, by P.F. Scott. From Acc 1183. ‘Future wind energy programme’ at Cambridge by D.M.A. Wilson August 1982 From Acc 769/15. Miscellaneous wind energy material ca 1982, n.d. Includes Powles’s progress report, n.d. future notes for research, ca 1982; S.J.R. From Acc 1183. Energy Group 1979-1989 D.360-D.369 Laboratory Wind Energy Group of Cavendish Laboratory Wind From Acc 1183. D.361-D.369 Copies of publications Cavendish Publications List Publications 1977-1988 n.d. This correspondence includes wind energy projects, design of equipment, and the place of Publications numbered 4-13 and 16 in the list at D.357. Correspondence D.370-D.400 letters re specific 9 folders. 1979-1983 1975-1982, M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 wind energy within national energy policy. 1975-1976 Chiefly correspondence with D.R. Mackay and Permaili Gloucester Ltd re wind-generator, with note of ‘The Mackay wind generator’. From Acc 788/51 and Acc 1183. January-February 1977 Includes correspondence with Science Research Council, re importance of support for renewable sources of energy, with particular reference to wind-power. Edwards, S.F. From Acc 1183 March 1977 From Acc 1183. May 1977 From Acc 1183. April-May 1977 Includes correspondence with J.A. Sumner and J. Keable re windmills and heat pumps. Includes letter from G.W.-W. Pontin, Director of the Wind Energy Supply Co. Ltd, enclosing extracts from report for Department of Energy, with Ryle’s manuscript notes. Includes correspondence re use of windpower on Lambay Correspondence from office of Prince Philip, the Duke of Edinburgh. From Acc 1183. June 1977 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 Island, Co. Dublin, Ireland; and letters responding to Ryle’s article ‘Economics of alternative energy sources’, Nature, 12 May 1977. From Acc 1183. September-October 1977 From Acc 1183. November 1977 Includes letter from W.S. Bannister re wind turbine design etc at Napier College, Edinburgh. From Acc 1183. February-March 1978 From Acc 1183. June-July 1978 From Acc 788/51. September-December 1978 Correspondence with R. Gray, re design of ‘an improved Flettner type wind mill’. Includes enclosures. Includes correspondence from H.T. Grut re design of wind turbine blade. From Acc 1183. From Acc 788/52 and Acc 1183. January 1979 to Correspondence Telegraph on ‘The case for building giant windmills’. arising Ryle’s letter from Daily M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 March 1979 Contents of envelope inscribed ‘Hydrogen Tom Bacon’: correspondence and papers from F.T. Bacon re windpower and fuel cells. From Acc 788/52. May 1979 From Acc 1183. May-August 1979 N. Clarke, Includes letter from King’s College London Wheatstone Laboratory, on rotor design; copy of letter from D.J. Milborrow, Central Electricity Research Laboratories, supporting wind power proposals to the Energy Technology Support Unit. Laboratory Cavendish the From Acc 1183. letter to D.T. Swift-Hook, Central From Acc 1183. January-February 1980 November-December 1979 Electricity Includes Generating Board Research Division, setting out plans of consortium to work on horizontal axis windmills (see also D.343-D.345). Offshore March-May 1980 correspondence’ June-July 1980 From Acc 1183. From Acc 1183. Includes with Scottish M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 Partnership re design of windmills. From Acc 1183. July 1980 Wind energy proposals of Scottish Offshore Partnership. Includes project proposal ‘Feasibility study of hydrostatic transmission and synchronous generation system’. From Acc 1183. August 1980 Includes design of horizontal axis windmill to be attached to airship; reaction to Central Electricity Generating Board decision to adopt wind power generators not of British design. From Acc 1183. September 1980 From Acc 788/52. From Acc 1183. September-October 1980 Letter from S.J.R. Powles enclosing his notes on ‘Wind as an alternative energy source’ and other material. January 1981 D.J. Laboratories, to the Laboratories discussing work in letter Includes copy of Milborrow, arising from visit hand and future projects. Central November-December 1980 from Electricity A.J.F. Metherell to Research From Acc 1183. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 Includes further design of horizontal axis windmill to be attached to airship. From Acc 1183. January-February 1981 Correspondence Generating Board re wind power collaboration. papers Central from and Electricity From Acc 1183. March 1981 Letter from W.G. Parr to A.J.F. Metherall re aerogenerator. From Acc 1183. September 1981 From Acc 1183. November-December 1981 Includes Scottish Offshore Partnership ‘Study to assess the use of a hydraulic power system tin aerogenerators’, with covering letter thanking Ryle for his assistance and note by D.R. Mackay. From Acc 1183. Fordham’s ‘Summary of work February-July 1982 Includes energy’. E.J. on wind From Acc 1183. From Acc 1183. N.d. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 D.401-D.405 Publications late 1970s Shorter publications section F. by Ryle on windpower. See also ‘The economics of alternative energy sources’, Nature vol 267 (1977), 111-117 Typescript copy of response to the article. From Acc 1183. ‘Short-term storage and wind power availability’, with M.B. Anderson et al, Nature vol 275 (1978), 432-434 Responses critical and supportive of the article. Typescript drafts, photocopied articles. From Acc 788/51 and Acc 1183. late 1970s late 1970s From Acc 788/52. From Acc 788/50. ‘The answer is blowing in the wind’, photocopy of published letter in the Guardian ‘Save energy and harness nature power’, photocopy of published letter to the press From Acc 1183. Typescript and manuscript draft ?for publication. stressing ‘The construction arising from wind turbulence’ turbine wind of blades of different M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 D.406-D.413 Illustrative material See also K.77, K.78. ‘M’s windmills’ and ‘1975 - Norfolk horses we loved + windmills’. Contents of photographic wallet so inscribed: photographs showing construction of negatives. 10 colour a simple windmill; From Acc 788/51. ‘Photos of windmill’ Contents of envelope: 3 colour photographs identical to those at D.406. From Acc 788/50. ‘Martin Photos of windmill black Jim’ From Acc 1183. Contents of envelope From Acc 1183. polaroid photographs of generator; Contents of envelope: windmill blade; manuscript jottings. 5 monochrome photographs of 2 black and white manuscript jottings. From Acc 1183. 2pp manuscript description (not in Ryle’s hand), with 4 photographs (one is only a section of a photograph) found clipped to it. ‘20’ dia windmill near Helston, Cornwall’ M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 Photograph of windmill blade From Acc 1183. Photographs of ?windmill fixtures 2 photographs. From Acc 788/50. Contents of envelope Two photographic slides of windmills. From Acc 1183. D.414-D.448 Background material 1960s-1980s From Acc 1183. Commercial literature 1970s-1980s 3 folders. From Acc 1183. D.415-D.417 Government literature From Acc 788/52 and Acc 1183. and Science and Engineering Research Council Reports of the Advisory Board for the Research Councils D.418-D.420 Published scientific literature 3 folders. From Acc 1183. 1960s-1980s D.421, D.422 1974, 1981 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 2 folders. From Acc 1183. D.423, D.424 Papers from the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority Harwell 1967-1976 2 folders. From Acc 1183. Papers from the Building Research Establishment From Acc 1183. D.426, D.427 Papers from the Central Electricity Generating Board 2 folders. From Acc 1183. D.428-D.443 1976-1981, 1976 From Acc 1183. D.429-D.431 1977 From Acc 788/52 and Acc 1183. Miscellaneous reports, papers and proposals re use of windpower n.d. 3 folders. 1978 From Acc 788/52 and Acc 1183. From Acc 788/52 and Acc 1183. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 D.433-D.435 1979 3 folders. From Acc 1183. D.436-D.439 1980 4 folders. From Acc 1183. D.440-D.442 1981 3 folders. From Acc 1183. From Acc 1183. 1977-1980 1979-1981 N.d. From Acc 1183. D.445-D.447 Newsletters Newspaper cuttings British Wind Energy Association (D.445, D.446) and Wind Energy Report (D.447). From Acc 1183. From Acc 1183. Miscellaneous M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 D.449-D.461 TIDEPOWER RESEARCH 1975-1981 of this bulk material The Patent Specification of or relating to a device for the utilisation of the flow of water’ (short title ‘Power from tidal streams’). 9 March 1977 for ‘Improvements in relates Ryle’s to From Acc 788/50, Acc 788/52 and Acc 1183. D.449, D.450 Patent Specification From Acc 788/50. Manuscript and typescript drafts ca 1977 Patent & Lord, Patent 1975-1977 D.451-D.458 From Acc 788/52. Urquhart-Dykes September 1975 Letter re possible patent for wind generator. Correspondence with Agents Found within three envelopes. Includes correspondence from Urquhart-Dykes & Lord; manuscript drafts of letters from Ryle; and copies of related patent specifications sent to Ryle by Urquhart-Dykes & Lord. February 1977 December 1976 January 1977 D.453-D.455 3 folders. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Research, D.1-D.461 Draft patent specification drawn up by Urquhart-Dykes & Lord, with Ryle’s comments thereon. March-April 1977 December 1977 D.459, D.460 Other correspondence 1977-1983 From Acc 788/52 and Acc 1183. General correspondence 1977-1978 Includes correspondence from Development Corporation. the National Research From Acc 788/52. From Acc 1183. Miscellaneous material From Acc 788/52. Circular letters from the National Association of Water Power Users Manuscript notes; photocopy article ‘Power from the tides’ by M.B. Holland. 1977-1983 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 SECTION E ACTIVISM, E.1-E.224 1962-1985 material This Ryle’s activities and his interest in alternative energy. relates nearly all to anti-nuclear E.1-E:33 RYLE’S ARTICLES AND LETTERS TO THE PRESS E.34-E.143 CORRESPONDENCE E.144-E.159 ORGANISATIONS E.160-E.224 BACKGROUND MATERIAL RYLE’S ARTICLES AND LETTERS TO THE PRESS 1966-1984 see also Ais, F.180, F.181 and F.208-F.227. &.08, E73, E:126, E£:135;F:178; F179, The bulk was found in Acc ‘Labour voters & VietNam’, The Times, 25 April 1966 From Acc 788 and Acc 1183. 1883 unless otherwise stated. Letter from Vanessa Redgrave; published Open Letter (multiple signatories). From 1976 to his death in Ryle wrote many letters to the press, was cosignatory on appeals and lobbied politicians and organisations. Machynlleth, Powys, June 1977 Preface to An alternative energy strategy for the United Kingdom, Alternative Technology, National ‘Nuclear energy: the serious doubts that put our future at risk’, The Times, 14 December 1976 See also E.93, F.99. From Acc 788/61. Centre for M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Activism, E.1-E.224 ‘How to throw light on the future’, Guardian, 1 June 1977 Letter to The Times, 5 October 1977 Reply (17 October) only. ‘Nuclear energy: the time factor’, Eastern Daily Press, 11 September 1978 ‘A dangerous myth about nuclear power’, Daily Telegraph, 28 December 1978 ‘Why Waldegrave fails to convince an expert of the case for nuclear power’, Guardian, 6 July 1979 With letters responding. to ‘The nuclear kingdom’, Observer, 28 See also E.104. Contribution October 1979 This correspondence arose in responses to Ryle’s 6 July letter (E.8). ‘Untangling the knots in Harrisburg’s pipeline’ Guardian, 17 July, and ‘When radiation reaches a dangerous level’, Guardian, 24 July 1979 Letters arising only. Letter to the Parliamentary Liaison Group for Alternative Energy Strategies, published in Newsletter of the National Centre for Alternative Technology, Machynlleth, Powys, Winter 1979 Letter on consequences of a nuclear attack, Cambridge Evening News, 25 January 1980 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Activism, E.1-E.224 Letter on wind power, Observer, March 1980 Letter arising only. ‘Risk and rationale of a nuclear deterrent’, The Times, 28 July 1980 Multiple signatories. See E.112. With report on the letter from Cambridge Evening News. ‘Why MPS are worried over nuclear secrecy’, Guardian, 11 August 1980 E.16-E.20 Towards the Nuclear Holocaust, Menard Press 1981 See also F.133-F.170 216-219 Typescript draft 4 folders. Reviews ‘Use of exported plutonium’, The Times, 17 October 1981 ‘Mathematics of North Sea gas’, The Times, 17 September 1981 and R.V. Hesketh, Guardian, 16 July 1982 Letter on export of plutonium from the UK to the USA, by Ryle and R.V. Hesketh, Guardian, 27 March 1982, and ‘How our “peaceful” atoms breed more US arms’ by Ryle ls there a Case for Nuclear Power? Menard Press, 1982 See also F.173-F.177. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Activism, E.1-E.224 Also includes reply to 16 July letter. See also E.73. ‘Nuclear Balance’, The Times, 30 March 1983 ‘Nuclear answers needed’, Observer, 3 July 1983 Also includes letter from R.V. Hesketh. ‘Ideals no Guardian, 23 April 1984 have that place in the age of secrecy’, See also F.180. ‘Nuclear deaths’ by Lady Ryle, ?Cambridge Evening News mid 1980s Typescript draft of Open Letter. ‘Why do they lie to us?’, 12 February 1983 Cruise Missiles in Britain, for The Times, 27 February 1980 This letter appears to have been initiated by academics at Sussex University. Manuscript. ‘Defence strategy and its consequences’ by Ryle and J. Inkson. ‘Question for the Church at Easter Time’, 1983/1984 1983 or 1984 Typescript. Typescript. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Activism, E.1-E.224 ‘What is unilateralism?’ Typescript. ‘Monetarism - a them and us syndrome’ Manuscript. E.34-E.143 CORRESPONDENCE 1962-1984 From 788/40, Acc 788/53, Acc 1200/2 and Acc 1183. Acc 1183 unless stated otherwise. E.34-E.88 Named correspondents 1978-1984 5 folders. 1981-1982 E.34-E.38 D. Dixon 5 folders. E.39-E.43 material on nuclear arms and_ S. Durie and R. Edwards Dixon wrote from Swainswick in Bath with photocopied background nuclear accidents in the USSR. Sheila Durie and Rob Edwards wrote Fuelling the Nuclear Arms Race: the links between nuclear power and weapons for Pluto Press (1982). Ryle commented on the draft. draft. Peter Goodwin wrote Nuclear War: the survival for Ash & Grant (1981). on your Ryle commented on the facts P. Goodwin E.44-E.48 5 folders. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Activism, E.1-E.224 E.49-E.81 R.V. Hesketh 1981-1984 as the early 1959, 1980s, a nuclear physicist at he began warning that Ross Hesketh joined the Central Electricity Generating the Board (CEGB) in In 1966 Nuclear Laboratories, Berkeley, Gloucestershire. he was appointed Research Head, Solid State Physics. In the of sale plutonium from the UK’s civil nuclear power programme to the USA could lead to nuclear weapons proliferation. He a letter to The Times and was used official notepaper in disciplined by the CEGB but continued his claims regarding plutonium from Britain’s nuclear power plants. After making these again disciplined. Soon afterwards, he was told he was being transferred to a new job. Hesketh refused the transfer, seeing it as a demotion and as stemming from his public statements concerning plutonium. After making his views about his transfer known to the media, he was found guilty of breaching CEGB regulations and in June 1983, Hesketh was dismissed amidst much publicity. A few months later, pending an industrial tribunal he was reinstated. Hesketh claims Radio, BBC was_ on Hesketh subsequently held posts in Nigeria and Oman before retirement back to 1999 he was vindicated when the USA admitted plutonium from the UK had been used in its military programme. He died in 2004. UK. the In of so bundle labelled: 13 folders. E.49-E.61 1981-1984 See also E.24. ‘Ross Hesketh correspondence (1/2)’ From Acc 788/40, Acc 788/53 and Acc 1200/2. Contents correspondence and papers chiefly re use of plutonium and the Sizewell B inquiry. Includes drafts of ‘Export of Civil Plutonium’, letter to The Times (May 1982) and ‘Social pressures on the use of plutonium from the civil nuclear programme’ (presented to the Sizewell B Inquiry). 1981-1984 Contents correspondence, notes, papers etc, the bulk by Hesketh. ‘Ross Hesketh correspondence (2/2)’ From Acc 1200/2. From Acc 1200/2. miscellaneous E.62-E.69 labelled: of bundle’ so_ M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Activism, E.1-E.224 E.62-E.66 Correspondence from Hesketh 1982-1984 Includes material re his dismissal from CEGB. 5 folders. Other correspondents Subjects include letters Ryle’s pamphlet Towards the Nuclear Holocaust. the press, and reception of to Newspaper cuttings 1981-1984 Includes Ryle’s letters, ‘Better Alternative [to PWR]’, East Anglian Daily Times, 5 October 1981, and on Central America and nuclear weapons, Guardian, 25 May 1984. Also includes draft of ‘Nuclear answers needed’, Observer, 3 July 1983 (E.26). E.70-E.80 eu, 1981-1983 about our plutonium Manuscript notes, incomplete and draft letters etc Includes Ryle’s draft reply to a Departmental instruction not to use laboratory notepaper for letters to the press (see E.120). Contents of folder so labelled: correspondence, newspaper cuttings and photocopies, chiefly re use of UK plutonium. Also includes draft and published letter, ‘The unanswered questions and Hesketh, Guardian, 19 August 1982; application by SANA (Scientists against Nuclear Arms) for research on military uses of civil plutonium; newspaper cuttings re Hesketh’s dismissal and reappointment. From Acc 788/53. Papers re Hesketh Defence Fund and related From Acc 788/40. exports’ by Ryle 11 folders. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Activism, E.1-E.224 E.82-E.85 R. Munro and T. Cavalier Smith 1978-1979 4 folders. He asked Robin Munro wrote on energy and pollution. Ryle to comment on part of a draft book he was editing on biosciences and society written by Tom Cavalier Smith. E.86-E.88 B. Rome 4979-1982 Typescript memoranda. 3 folders. Brian Rome was based in the Law Department of Bristol Polytechnic. and regular by anti-nuclear memoranda on nuclear power for activists. circulated produced use He E.89-E.137 Chronological sequence 1962-1984 from scientists to talks and and politicians, 1962, 1965 It includes letters mostly and fellow _ support (generally requests give This correspondence is varied. incoming environmental campaigns, attend declined). campaigners functions 1962 re Anti-Hanging petition supported by Ryle; 1965 invitation to become Vice-President of Cambridge CND (declined). Information from C. Conroy, Friends of the Earth. the development of Paper ‘Sketching mankind and our outlook for the future’ (presented to International Conference on Science and Absolute Values, 1975). March 1976 e915 E92 by D. Gabor, 1975 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Activism, E.1-E.224 2 folders. November-December 1976 Includes typescript draft by Ryle, ‘Nuclear power: when are we going to have the real debate?’, published in The Times as ‘Nuclear energy: the serious doubts that put our future at risk’, 14 December 1976, see E.2, and related draft letter to Secretary of State for Energy. January-February 1977 Includes letter from Ryle to S.F. Edwards setting out the case for wind energy. March-April 1977 May 1977 May-June 1977 February 1979 August-September 1977 Subjects include energy costs and uranium mining. Letter from F.T. Bacon, fuel cell pioneer, enclosing paper ‘The development and practical application of fuel cells’. March 1979 Includes ‘Energy perspective for the UK’ by L. Grainger, Chairman, National Coal Board (IEA Services). E101; E102 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Activism, E.1-E.224 Subjects include support for work on wind energy, siting of nuclear power stations in the UK and the economics of nuclear power. 2 folders. April-May 1979 June-July 1979 draft Includes correspondence (see Minister, Margaret Thatcher, re choice of nuclear reactor. Guardian and letter from related the Prime the E.9); letter also to of September-October 1979 November 1979 May 1980 E09; E110 on Groupe de March-April 1980 Bellerive meeting on January-February 1980 E.110 is material nuclear power, London, 1980. Includes draft by R.A. Hinde of ‘Risk and rationale of a Includes appeal on behalf of scientists in the Ukrainian Helsinki Monitoring Group. July 1980 2 folders. June 1980 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Activism, E.1-E.224 nuclear deterrent’, The Times, 28 July 1980 (E.14). August 1980 Includes letter from the journalist Duncan Campbell on nuclear and government monitoring of satellite communications. production weapons on _ September-October 1980 Includes correspondence with Hugh Montefiore, Bishop of Birmingham, re nuclear power. November 1980 Subjects include effects of industrial exposure to radiation. December 1980 January-February 1981 Home and Family was the magazine of the Mothers’ Union. Includes complaint re CEGB advertisements in Home and Family magazine. letters to the Press. For draft of Ryle’s reply see E.69. Draft of ‘Atomic Weapons, A discussion’ by M. Sweatman and Ryle’s response thereto. Includes memorandum advising members of staff of the Cavendish Laboratory not to use headed notepaper for B. Lowe, sent to Ryle for comment, with March-April 1981 April 1981 May 1981 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Activism, E.1-E.224 June 1981 Include correspondence re Ryle’s pamphlet Towards the Nuclear letters received May and June 1981. Ryle’s comments on _ two Holocaust; July 1981 Subjects include the uses of nuclear power, and NATO defence strategy. relation between civil and military August 1981 on defence Draft occupied Europe’ by M. Randle. ‘Alternative and the resistance in September 1981 November-December 1981 Includes copy of letter to East Anglian Daily Times, 29 September. Subjects include the pamphlet Defended to Death (with Ryle’s notes) see also F.288-F.295, ‘neutron bomb’, cruise missile siting, European Nuclear Disarmament and oil and gas energy. pamphlet /s there a case for nuclear power? Subjects include effects of nuclear explosion and Ryle’s Includes draft using nuclear reactors’ by F. Slaughter. of ‘The electrification of British Railways January 1982 February 1982 March 1982 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Activism, E.1-E.224 April 1982 May 1982 Includes address of Rev. M. Mayne for ‘nuclear teach-in’; critique Ryle’s comments on of Department of Energy’s research into renewable energy. Friends Earth the of Est, E132 June 1982 2 folders. a comprehensive nuclear Chiefly draft of ‘Verification of test ban’ by L.R. Sykes and J.F. Everden, sent to Ryle for interest. July-November 1982 to Heseltine of State (Secretary May-July 1983 January-February 1983 the broadcaster Alistair Cooke Includes exchange with his broadcast ‘Letter from America’; over comments in letters for Michael Defence) and Michael Foot (Leader of the Labour party) on defence matters. missiles and letters to Labour party politicians. Includes Ryle’s letter sent to US Senators about Cruise Secretary) on Includes letter to Denis Healey (the Labour party’s Shadow Foreign the Argentinean warship General Belgrano; account of the life of Otto Frisch and his attitude to nuclear weapons by Rev. Eric James; letter to the Observer, June 1983. October 1983-April 1984 the sinking of M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Activism, E.1-E.224 May-July 1984 E136; E139 Undated 2 folders. E.140-E.143 Ryle’s drafts Rough drafts of Ryle’s letters. Rarely any indication of date, often first name only. 4 folders. E.144-E.159 ORGANISATIONS 1977-1984 Circulars, papers of meetings, posters etc. = 1980-1984 Responsibility Forum, From Acc 1183. In alphabetical order by organisation. Ecology Engineering European Nuclear Disarmament. Party, From Acc 788/45, Acc 788/50 and Acc 1183. 2 folders. Ryle was an early member of the Green Alliance joining in 1979. E.146, E.147 Green Alliance Friends of the Earth From Acc 1183. 1977-1981, n.d. 1979-1981 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Activism, E.1-E.224 From Acc 1183. Greenpeace From Acc 788/50. 1979-1983 Intermediate Technology Development Group Ltd 1980, 1982 From Acc 1183. Labour Action for Peace From Acc 1183. Liberal Party From Acc 1183. 3 folders. P E.152-E.154 Liaison Group for Alternative Energy 1978-1982 From Acc 1183. From Acc 788/45 and Acc 1183. Parliamentary Strategies Professors World Peace Academy in Europa From Acc 1183. Peace campaign in Cambridge University, Peace Tax Campaign. Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs From Acc 788/48. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Activism, E.1-E.224 S 1981, 1983 Schools against the Bomb, Scientists against Nuclear Arms, Scottish Campaign to Resist the Atomic Menace. From Acc 1183. WwW 1981, 1982 West Dorset Safe Energy Campaign, World Information Service on Energy. From Acc 1183. E.160-E.224 BACKGROUND MATERIAL 1979-1985, n.d. E.160-E.187 1979-1984 Ryle kept extensive background material relating to nuclear power energy, government surveillance and other topics related to issues close to the anti-nuclear movement of the 1980s. alternative weapons, nuclear and From Acc 788/41. Folders of newspaper cuttings Includes some manuscript drafts and a few letters. Ryle’s folders of newspaper cuttings, organised by subject. From Acc 788/42. Subheadings were: ‘Multilateral/Unilateral’, ‘Peace groups’, ‘Balance of power’. E.161-E.169 ‘Disarmament’ ‘Civil defence’ 9 folders. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Activism, E.1-E.224 2005 EA ‘Effects of nuclear war’ 2 folders. E.171 is typescript sheets of possible UK targets entitled ‘Hard luck scenario: Burst list’. From Acc 788/42. E.172-E.175 ‘Energy’ Includes commercial literature manuscript notes on UK energy needs etc. on solar heating, Ryle’s 4 folders. From Acc 788/41. ‘Health effects’ From Acc 788/41. 4 folders. 3 folders. From Acc 788/41. E.177-E.180 ‘Nuclear war’ E.181-E.183 ‘Proliferation’ ‘US ‘AWACS’, ‘Policies (eg Egypt)’, From Acc 788/41. ‘Balance of Radar/Computers’, Subheadings were: power’, bases’, ‘Reconnaissance planes’. ‘Uranium sources’. Subheadings were: ‘Technical’, ‘Supply of reactors/know- how’, ‘Supply of Pu/U’, ‘Laser separation’. ‘Reactors & reprocessing’ Subheadings were: ‘Sizewell B’, ‘Mishaps/Leaks/Fires’, E.184-E.186 M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Activism, E.1-E.224 3 folders. From Acc 788/42. ‘Waste disposal and decommissioning’ From Acc 788/41. Inhaber Report Correspondence and papers critical of the Inhaber report. Energy Control Herbert Inhaber was Associate Scientific Advisor to the Atomic was commissioned Energy The report (AECB-1119) was completed in Production’. March 1978. It was unfavourable to renewable energy sources, but was widely criticised. of ‘The Canada. report Board Risk He on of to of of folder Energy 1976-1985 E.188-E.194 E.188-E.212 From Acc 1183. The material included a copy of Risk of renewable energy sources: a critique of the Inhaber report by J.P. Holdren et al, and Resources Group, 1979). Not retained. (Berkeley: California, University See also F.214-F.226. Reports, memoranda etc From Acc 788 and Acc 1183. 1981-1983 Contents miscellaneous correspondence, papers etc, opposing the building of a PWR nuclear facility at Sizewell (Sizewell B). From Acc 788/42. ‘Sizewell’ labelled: 7 folders. so _ M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Activism, E.1-E.224 E.195-E.200 British Nuclear Weapons: for and against by J. McMahan This was published preface by Bernard Williams. by Junction Books, 1981, with a Typescript draft sent to Ryle for comment. 6 folders. At E.195 is annotated envelope. From Acc 1183. E201) E2202 Draft of pamphlet against nuclear power by G. Morgan- Grenville Typescript with manuscript corrections and annotations. 2 folders. From Acc 1183. E.203-E.205 on nuclear warfare and 1970s, n.d. 3 folders. From Acc 788/56. At E.205 is annotated envelope. Typescript with Ryle’s annotations. Duplicated nuclear energy by E. Broda typescript papers ‘The quest for public acceptance of nuclear power’, lecture by Sir John Hill to Institution of Nuclear Engineers and British Nuclear Energy Society, April 1979 From Acc 1183. Includes ‘Nuclear power: a question of morality’ by the Society of Friends’ nuclear energy study group and Ryle’s comments thereon. Miscellaneous typescript and duplicated papers on nuclear power From Acc 788/45. 1979, n.d. M. Ryle NCUACS 176/7/09 Activism, E.1-E.224 E.208, E.209 Miscellaneous typescript and duplicated papers on nuclear weapons early 1980s 2 folders. From Acc 788/48 and Acc 1183. E.210-E.212 Annotated newspaper cuttings 1979-1985 Miscellaneous newspaper cuttings, energy and annotated by Lady Ryle. nuclear weapons. mostly Includes on nuclear 1985 cutting 3 folders. From Acc 788/49 and Acc 1183. E.213-E.223 Ryle’s manuscript notes This material includes rough drafts of possible papers, draft letters, and notes and jottings. A few letters, typescript papers etc were found with the manuscript material and have been retained here. Printed and photocopied background material E.218 includes ‘Unilateralism & Multilateralism’. E.220 is power, nuclear weapons and the Falklands war. letter to John Ryle (brother) on nuclear draft Separate groups of notes have been retained together. E.213 includes ‘Notes on proposed programme for Teach- in on Nuclear Power’, ‘An open letter to the Secretary of State for Energy’, and draft letters to Conor Cruise O’Brien and Michael Heseltine. From Acc 1183. From Acc 788/48, Acc 788/49, Acc 788/51, Acc 788/56, Acc 788/57, Acc 788/58, Acc 1125 and Acc 1183. Some of it annotated by Ryle or by friends and colleagues. 11 folders. 1 box.