CONTEMPORARYSCIENTIFIC ARCHIVES CENTRE
Catalogue of the papers and correspondence of
SIR EDWARD CRISP BULLARD,FRS
(1907-1980)
Compiled by Jeannine Alton and Peter Harper
VOLUME I
List of Contents
General Introduction
Sections A - D
Deposited in the Churchill College Archives Centre,
Cambridge
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All rights reserved
E.C. Bullard
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The work of the Contemporary Scientific Archives Centre, and the
production of this catalogue, are made possible by the support of the following
societies and institutions:
The Biochemical Society
The Charles Babbage Foundation for the History of Information
Processing
The Institute of Physics
The Institution of Electrical Engineers
The Institution of Mechanical Engineers
The Nuffield Foundation .
The Rhodes Trustees
The Royal Society of London
The Wolfson Foundation
E.C. Bullard
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NOT ALL THE MATERIAL IN THE COLLECTION
IS YET AVAILABLE FOR CONSULTATION.
ENQUIRIES SHOULD BE ADDRESSED IN THE FIRST
INSTANCE TO:
THE ARCHIVIST,
CHURCHILL COLLEGE,
CAMBRIDGE
E.C. Bullard
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LIST OF CONTENTS
GENERAL INTRODUCTION
SECTION A
BIOGRAPHICAL AND PERSONAL
A.1 -A.261
A.|
-A.14
Biographical, autobiographical,
bibliographical
A.15 -A.47
Diaries
A.48 -A.123
Career, honours and awards
A.124-A. 205
Family and personal
A. 206-A. 257
Photographs
A. 258-A. 261
Tape recordings
SECTION B
CAMBRIDGE
B.1 - B.92
B.1-B.88
Department of Geodesy and Geophysics
B.1 -B.4
Early history of the Department
B.5 -B.29
B.30-B.73
Postwar organisation and research,
1943-48
Research and administration,
1956-80
B.74-B.88
Lectures
B.89-B .92
Other Cambridge departments and
institutions
SECTION C
CALIFORNIA
C.1-C.43
Introduction to Section C
C.1 -C.11
Administrative and personal
C.12-C.28
Research and academic
C.29-C.43
Lectures and teaching
13
14
18
19
28
39
45
46
47
47
49
53
58
60
61
65
68
E.C. Bullard
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SECTION D
RESEARCH
D.1-D.651
Page
70
Introduction to Section D
List of contents
SECTION E
COMMITTEES AND CONSULTANCIES E.1 - E.231
177
Introduction to Section E
List of contents
SECTION F
SOCIETIES AND ORGANISATIONS
F.1 - F.120
212
Introduction and list of contents
SECTION G
PUBLICATIONS, LECTURES, BROAD-
CASTS
G1 «6.268
G. 1
-G.110
Writings on scientific topics
with an introductory note
G.111-G.135
Biographical writings
G.136, G.137
Reviews
G.138-G.175
Lectures
with an introductory note
G.176-G.192
Radio and television broadcasts
G.193-G.268
Correspondence re publications, lectures
and broadcasts
with an introductory note
SECTION H
VISITS
H.1 - H.34
Introduction to Section H
235
236
251
255
256
263
266
274
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SECTION J
CORRESPONDENCE
J.1 - J.206
Introduction to Section J
LIST OF PUBLICATIONS
With an introductory note
INDEX OF INDIVIDUALS, ORGANISATIONS AND FIRMS
Page
281
310
338
E.C. Bullard
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GENERAL INTRODUCTION
PROVENANCE
6
The collection, which is very extensive, was received at various dates
1981-84 from Dr. Belinda Bullard (Bullard's eldest daughter) who had assembledit
from several locations: Bullard's homes in Cambridge, England, and at La Jolla,
California, where he died, his office at the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary
Physics (also at La Jolla) and the Department of Geodesy and Geophysics, Cambridge
University, where a laboratory now bears his name.
In addition, Lady (Ursula) Bullard made available the sketchbook at A. 140;
Dr. D.H. Matthews added the photocopied account of the pioneering seismic
expedition of 1938 at D.350.
marine heat-flow (A.4) and of his correspondence on the subject with R. Revelle
(D.415A) were sent by the Archivist of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography,
University of California, where the originals are housed.
The photocopies of the article on Bullard's work on
OUTLINE OF THE CAREER OF E.C. BULLARD
Bullard was born in 1907 into a comfortable family of Norwich brewers
He was educated at
who provided him with relative affluence and a dash of eccentricity.
Repton and Clare College, Cambridge; his first graduate research was at the Cavendish
Laboratory when its Director, from whom he says he learned much, was Rutherford.
Bullard himself worked under the direction of P.M.S. (later Lord) Blackett and in
collaboration with H.S.W. (later Sir Harrie) Massey, on electron scattering in gases.
In 1931, partly because of the economic depression, he accepted a post underSir
Gerald Lenox-Conyngham at the Department of Geodesy and Geophysics in Cambridge;
here he worked with great energy and success on a variety of projects: geophysical
instrument design and development, gravity determination in Britain and Africa,
explosion seismology including the first British expeditions to study the Atlantic seafloor,
and heat-flow in South African bore-holes.
E.C. Bullard
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7
During the Second World War Bullard was seconded to the Admiralty, again
working on various tasks, including anti-mine protection, operational research and
intelligence; at the end of the War he was Assistant Director, Naval Operational
Elected to the Fellowship of the Royal Society in 1941 he was a member
Research.
of the Society's Post-War Needs in Geophysics Committee and instrumental in organi-
sing the allocation of surplus equipment and apparatus to universities at the end of
Returning to Cambridge, he put much effort into re-establishing the
hostilities.
Department and its several lines of research, including gravity measurements, heat-
flow and deepsea seismic refraction.
In 1947 he accepted a post as Professor of Physics at Toronto, a sudden
and many felt an unwise decision which Bullard himself attributed to frustration at
While there, but
the lack of administrative and research facilities at Cambridge.
on a summer vacation visit to the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, he did some
of his most important work on the design of equipment for the measurement of heat-flow
at sea (in collaboration with A.E. Maxwell), and in 1950 returned to Britain as
Director of the National Physical Laboratory.
ment! post, which brought him a knighthood in 1953, was remarkable in the amount
of research he continued to pursue undistracted - or minimally distracted - by administrative
He continued to work on marine heat-flow, building apparatus and
and official duties.
taking part in sea-going expeditions, and also developed his dynamo theory ofterrestrial
His tenure of this essentially 'establish-
magnetism.
In 1956 Bullard returned to Cambridge and to the Department of Geodesy
and Geophysics as Assistant Director of Research (Readerin Geophysics 1960, Professor
Once again, his research interests proliferated, in collaboration with many
1964).
gifted students (the ‘Cambridge Mariners’) to include continental drift and plate tectonics
as well as continuing work in seismology and geomagnetism, and a very practical interest
in the development of computer programs for processing large amounts of observational
data.
During this period too, Bullard was increasingly in demand as consultant
and adviser to Government Departments (notably the Admiralty, Foreign Office, Mini-
stries of Defence, Science and Supply), to professional and learned societies such as
E.C. Bullard
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8
the Institute of Physics, the Royal Society and the International Union of Geodesy
and Geophysics, and to industrial firms principally Shell and IBM UK of which he
was a director for ten years. He was a founder member of the Natural Environment
Research Council, played a part in attempts to negotiate a test-ban treaty and was
joint chairman of the Anglo-American Ballistic Missiles Committee.
Bullard had always enjoyed his contacts with America where he had many
friends. He paid regular visits to various research institutions and was frequently
offered tempting appointments. Most of all, he admired the personnel and facilities
at Scripps; he accepted from 1963 a Visiting Professorship to spend three months there
each year, and onhis retirement from Cambridge in 1974 he and his second wife became
He continued research in geomagnetism and
American residents living at La Jolla.
plate tectonics and took part in Scripps expeditions as well as in its teaching and
lecturing programmes; and he added a last topic of interest - energy sources and nuclear
waste disposal - in his capacity as consultant to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory of Caltech.
Despite failing health he remained occupied in writing and research until his death in
April 1980.
DESCRIPTION OF THE COLLECTION
The material is presented in the order shown in the List of Contents.
following paragraphs aim only to give a brief guide to its substance and interest;
additional explanatory notes accompany many of the Sections, sub-sections and individual
The
entries in the catalogue.
The surviving papers cover almost every aspect of Bullard's career.
The
chief lacunae in this collection are his wartime papers (see J.7 where Bullard expresses
his regret at having destroyed these in 1945) and his official papers at Toronto and at
Despite efforts to assemble as full a collection as possible, there are probably
NPL.
also gaps in the correspondence files, deriving from frequent transatlantic migrations.
Section A includes (A.9) Bullard's own autobiographical notes of his family,
childhood and schooldays, written in 1973 and updated in 1980, as well as many tributes
by others, some of which have been drawn upon in compiling the catalogue. The
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9
material on his career, though incomplete, yet includes offers of many posts which he
declined and which are not always generally known. The ‘personal’ material includes
Section B is
several items on Bullard's antiquarian book collection (A.185-A.189).
mainly concerned with the Department of Geodesy and Geophysicsat Cambridge and
includes the original correspondence leading up to its foundation in 1921 (B.1, B.2),
and Bullard's efforts to re-invigorate it after the Second World War (B.5-B. 29).
Section C records his connection with the University of California, chiefly the Scripps
Some of the items deal with his lecturing, teaching
Institution of Oceanography.
and examining there at the end of his life (C.29-C.43); for all his experience as a
lecturer he admits in his letters of resignation (C.11) that direct contact with under-
graduate work was new to him and he must have beengratified by the unmistable
warmth of response he met (C.31, C.34).
Section D (Research) is the largest Section and documents almost all of
Bullard's many research interests, some more comprehensively than others.
remarkable to see the extent of manuscript notes, calculations, diagrams, site des-
criptions, drafts and, later, computer programsall in Bullard's hand whether written
in the African field, as Director of NPL or as Professor of Geophysics at Cambridge.
Especially full are the records for gravity measurement including the famous 1933-34
expedition to East Africa, for heat-flow research including the 1938 Atlantic expedition,
and for the work on dynamo theory and on computing applications.
on energy sources and nuclear waste disposal, is also documented, and includes drafts
for a book on the subject on which Bullard was working right up to his death.
fully represented in the surviving papers is Bullard's contribution to the theory of
continental drift and plate tectonics. Of more general interest is D.273, Bullard's
detailed account of (it seems) every penny spent on the 1933-34 expedition in East
His last research,
It is
Less
The famous story of his being treed by lions, however, is not recorded:
Africa.
there is a reference to his ‘experiences with lions' in a letter (at D.366) but this is
dated January 1939 and refers toa later trip to South Africa to study terrestrial heat-
flow.
research career; he may have bornehis learning lightly but its presence is irrefutable.
Insum, this Section provides an impressive record of Bullard's distinguished
Sections E and F document Bullard's public life as consultant, committee
member and adviser on science policy. Because of the confidential or official nature
Section G includes
of much of this work, the surviving material is sometimes sparse.
E.C. Bullard
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10
several unpublished, or unlisted, works, among them substantial drafts for a book on
optics, in collaboration with P.B. Moon, commissioned by Cambridge University Press
There is also a rather full record of Bullard's joint editorship
in 1934 (G.2-G.18).
with N.F. (Sir Nevill) Mott of the International Monographs in Physical Science for
The sub-section on 'Lectures' (G.138-G. 175)
the Clarendon Press (G.194-G.230).
is of interest in showing at once Bullard's mastery of his subject and the temperamental
poise, even panache, which enabled him to lecture with rivetting success on the basis
of half a page of notes.
Both Sections H and J are somewhat disappointing in that it is unlikely
that they represent more than a selection of Bullard's visits and conferences (H) and
correspondence (J).
from his later years when he was frequently consulted by historians of several disciplines
The latter Section contains a high proportion of material dating
for his recollections and opinions.
Bullard's historical interests were not confined to the events of his own
career, though it is true that he was at pains to collect material about the early history
of the Cambridge Department (Section D) and Bushy Househis official residence as
Director of NPL (Section A).
a special interest in Newton and Halley; he played an important role in the Royal
Society's Halley Tercentenary celebrations (Section G), advised the Institute of Physics
on the disposal ofits historical book collection (Section F) and presented a scion of
Newton's apple tree for planting at the new buildings of the Cambridge Department
But he was a respected collector of scientific books, with
He wrote several biographical tributes and accounts of colleagues; the
(Section B).
most substantial of these is perhaps the memoir of W.M. Ewing, while a more ‘light-
hearted' (his description) account of Rutherford published originally in NATURE was
selected for quotation in L. and H. Fowler, Cambridge Commemorated, 1984.
Bullard was held in almost universal esteem and affection, which transpires
throughout the collection, whether in the flood of requests to visit, lecture, or advise
on technical matters, the many offers of influential posts in Britain and America, the
trust placed in him as adviser, referee and consultant at every level from national
academies and government ministries to junior employees and sixth-formers, or the
more ‘objective’ criteria of 'Course and Professor Evaluation’ (at Scripps) and BBC
audience research panel reports.
One can see why.
Bullard - known and addressed
E.C. Bullard
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1]
by all as 'Teddy' - seems to have grown younger andless formal as his age and honours
Even without his voice and living presence, his personality emerges un-
increased.
mistakably in all he wrote: serious without pomposity, forthright without animosity,
loyal without prejudice. He rarely lost contact with old friends and colleagues and
often intervened quietly to help them or their families left unprovided for by death
or inadequate pensions (a topic on which he felt strongly). He appears never to have
written a routine letter; he may (as he often claimed) have never quite mastered
English spelling) conventions, but his thought and his wit are immediately accessible.
In view of the very full and frank nature of some of the documents it will
readily be understood that they are not all currently available for consultation.
Material of this kind occurs in Sections A, C, E, F, Gand J.
LOCATIONS OF FURTHER MATERIAL
Certificates and scrolls of honour remain in family hands.
Material relating to the Anchor Brewery (the Bullard family firm) is held at the Norfolk
and | Norwich Record Office.
Material assembled by Bullard for his memorial writings on W.M. Ewing is at Columbia
University, New York.
Correspondence exchanged with W.H. Munk and others is in the Archives of the Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego..
Official papers relating to Bullard's service on government committees are held at the
Air Historical Branch, Ministry of Defence.
E.C. Bullard
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
12
Our main debt is to Dr. Belinda Bullard for her initiative in assembling material, her
encouragement, and her comments on the draft catalogue.
Weare also indebted to:
Dr. H.C. Jenkyns and Dr. C.E. Phelps for information, and for their patience.
Dr. D.H. Matthews, for information and for additional material.
Mrs. D.C. Day, Archivist of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, for information
and additional material.
Lady Phillips, for help with indexing.
Mrs. M.M. Edwards, for patiently typing various drafts of the catalogue.
E.C. Bullard
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13
SECTION A
BIOGRAPHICAL AND PERSONAL
_A.1 - A. 261
A.1
-A.14
BIOGRAPHICAL, AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL,
BIBLIO GRAPHICAL
A.15 -A.47
DIARIES
A.48 -A.123
CAREER, HONOURS AND AWARDS
A.124 - A.205
FAMILY AND PERSONAL
A. 206 - A.257
PHOTOGRAPHS
A.258 - A. 261
TAPE RECORDINGS
SOME OF THE MATERIAL IN THIS SECTION MAY BE SUBJECT TO RESTRICTION
E.C. Bullard
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Biographical and personal
14
A.1-A.14
BIOGRAPHICAL, AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL, BIBLIOGRAPHICAL
BIOGRAPHICAL ACCOUNTS OF BULLARD AND HIS WORK
A.]
'Profile', New Scientist, 1959.
Biographical note andlist of Bullard's publications, by
M.N. Hill, 1962, with ms. note ‘originally written for
R.S. Profship'.
Biographical note, for Scripps Institution, 1970.
tables of Bullard's salaries from 1931.
Includes
'Sir Edward Bullard', by D. Davies, Earth-Science Reviews,
1968 (Photocopy).
A.2
Ip. biographical note, 1971.
Revised Who's Who entry, 1975.
Newspaperarticle, 1977.
A.3
'Sir Edward C. Bullard', 3pp. note, January 1978.
Obituary and Memorial Service notices, The Times, 1980.
Memoir by W. Nierenberg and R. Revelle.
"Imagined Worlds: The Day the Earth Moved', by D. McKenzie
(on plate tectonics), The Listener, 1982.
AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL
A.4
'E.C. Bullard's First Heat-Probe'
Article by E.N. Shor, incorporating shortened version of a
taped conversation with Bullard on 5 August 1973, published
in EOS, 28 February 1984.
(Photocopy kindly made available by the Archivist, Scripps
Institution of Oceanography. )
A.5
Note for McGraw Hill Modern Men of Science, ¢c.1966 (on
work on the origin of the earth's magnetic field).
Later extended note for McGraw Hill and for Monadori Editore, 1979.
Correspondence with both publishing houses, 1972-78.
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15
A.7
A.8
Biographical and personal
‘Edward Bullard'.
Non-Linear Dynamics' (Bibliog. 1978a).
Dedication by W.H. Munkfor ‘Topics in
19pp. ms. draft (photocopy).
App. typescript version as published with a ms. note 'This
was written entirely by me. ECB 3-30-78'.
Interview for Oral History Department, United States Naval
Institute.
Correspondence, 1969-70, and corrected typescript transcript
of interview conducted during Symposium Oceanography 2000,
including reminiscences of much of Bullard's research career.
A5pp.
A.9
'Notes for Biographical Notice of Edward Bullard’.
36pp. ms. account of family, early life and schooldays up to
and including Repton.
and sent to the Royal Society with a covering letter re his
biographer, 31 March 1980 (Bullard died on 3 April).
Written 1973, with Ip., 6 March 1980,
Included in the folder are a few additional notes, family trees, etc.
Miscellaneous autobiographical notes by Bullard.
Includes lists of children's and grandchildren's birthdays, of
wartime colleagues, of his addresses 1921-75, of his research
notebooks, of his proposed periods of residence at La Jolla, etc.
A selection of letters written by Bullard in response to enquiries
or requests for his views on various topics.
be found elsewhere, particularly in the correspondence section
where an indication is given, but these offer a compendious in-
sight into Bullard's characteristic approach.
Similar material may
They include letters on the value of interchange with
overseas students (1967), on the Rothschild Report (1971), on
pension schemes (1976), and on combining research and administra-
tion (1977) - this last being of special biographical interest.
E.C. Bullard
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16
Biographical and personal
BIBLIOGRAPHICAL
List of publications.
27pp. (variously paginated) typescript with ms. additions, made
available by B. Bullard, 20 July 1983.
pp.
It is reproduced on
311-337,
This is the bibliography used in the attribution of publications,
drafts and research material in the manuscript collection, in
the form (@Bibliog ...) appended to the relevant entries.
Copies, or photocopies, of papers selected by Bullard as of
special interest, and bearing his own ms. comment.
the Director, Scripps Institution, 12 May 1975, witha
covering note as follows:
Sent to
'This selection of my papers attempts to give a cross-
section of the things about which | have written, | have not
attempted to select the "most important" papers.
The papers are:
'Work of H.S.W. Massey and E.C. Bullard on electron scattering’,
App. typescript and ms. account by Bullard, n.d.
This item was added to the selection at a later date,
probably 1978.
See J.10, J.91.
'The Elastic Scattering of Slow Electrons in Argon’, (Bibliog.
193la), with comment 'Work done while a graduate student.
Experimental Atomic Physics’.
'The protection of ships from magnetic mines', (Bibliog. 1946a),
with comment 'An account of work during the war'.
'The flow of heat through the floor of the Atlantic Ocean',
(Bibliog. 1954c), with comment 'Experimental work at sea’.
"Homogeneous dynamosand terrestrial magnetism', (Bibliog.
1954e), with comment 'A long and rather complicated theoretical
paper on the origin of the earth's magnetic field’.
Continued
E.C. Bullard
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A.13 (Cont'd. )
17
Biographical andpersonal
‘Continental drift', (Bibliog. 1964b), with comment 'An attempt
to persuade the geological establishment of the error of their
beliefs - it was successful beyond my expectation’.
'Reversals of the earth's magnetic field', (Bibliog. 1968a), with
comment 'Review toa high-level audience of a critical part of
the evidence for the recent revolution in geological thought’.
'The origin of the oceans', (Bibliog. 1969b), with comment
'A popular exposition - it has sold 180,000 copies (in addition
to its original sales in the Sci.Amer.)'.
'Electromagnetic induction in the oceans', (Bibliog. 1970a),
with comment ‘Systematic review and development of a
relatively new branch of geophysics’.
'Basic theories’, (Bibliog. 1973b), with comment 'Ist chapter
in a UNESCO book on Geothermal Power, relates the problems
to the scientific background’.
'Rutherford's Cavendish', (Bibliog. 1974b), with comment 'A
light-hearted historical work'.
'Minerals from the deep sea', (Bibliog. 1974c), with comment
‘Possible source of base metals in the ocean’.
Miscellaneous lists of names and addresses for reprint distribution,
for various periods of Bullard's career; some very early, and
continuing to 1978.
Miscellaneous lists of publications, compiled for bound volumes
and for various occasions (to 1973).
E.C. Bullard
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A.15-A.47
DIARIES
Biographical and personal
18
These are all small pocket diaries.
They forma relatively
complete sequence, 1942-78, though some are scantily used.
Diaries for 1951 and 1955 are missing.
A.15
A.16
A.17
1942-43
1943-44
1945
A.18
1946-47
A.19
A.20
A.21
1947-48
1949
1949-50
A.22
A.23
A.24
A.25
A.29
A.30
A.3]
A.32
A.33
A. 39
A.40
A.4l
A.42
A.43
1952 (hardly used)
A.26
1956
1952 (hardly used)
A.26A
1957
1953
1954
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1970
197]
1972
1973
1974
A.27
A.28
1958
1959
A. 34
A.35
A. 36
A.37
A.38
A.44
A.45
A.46
A.47
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1975
1976
1977
1978
E.C. Bullard
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19
Biographical and personal
A.48-A.123
CAREER, HONOURS AND AWARDS
A.48
A.49
A.50
A.5]
A.52
A.53
Twoletters from Bullard to his mother, one dated 1917,
the other '?1916'.
Repton School Reports 1924-26.
Bullard as 'a willing worker, with no literary tastes’.
The English master describes
Includes letter, January 1924, to Bullard's father from the
Headmaster (G.F. Fisher).
Mathematical Tripos and Natural Sciences Tripos Part |
Examination Papers, annotated by Bullard, May-June 1928.
Included here is a reprint of a paper by H. McCombie et al,
February 1928, acknowledging work 'carried out by Mr. E.C.
Bullard, of Clare College, in the Mineralogical Museum’.
Certificate of election, Fellow of the Royal Astronomical
Society, December 1931.
Superannuation Agreement on appointment as Demonstrator
in Geodesy, 1932.
Correspondence re possible appointment at Carnegie Institution
of Washington, 1933.
Two letters to Bullard's parents, 1933, on his impending trip
to Africa.
Miscellaneous correspondence on career.
Includes letter re Pembroke College, Cambridge, 1935.
Bullard's draft letter re Chair of Physics at Cape Town, 1936.
Correspondence re Smithson Research Fellowship of the Royal
Society, appointment 1935, move to Admiralty 1939,
extension 1942.
E.C. Bullard
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20
A.54
Correspondence, 1941 and 1943, re Chairs at Liverpool.
Biographical and personal
Letter of congratulation on election to Royal Society, 1941
(only surviving letter).
A.55
Miscellaneous items re service in Second World War.
Includes material re staff and salaries, invitation to serve
on Physics Committee, Advisory Council on Scientific Research,
Ministry of Supply, 1944, and on Scientific Research Advisory
Committee, Ministry of Labour, 1945.
A.56
Cambridge University, 1943-46.
Includes material re Bullard's Readership, his release from war
service, arrangements for 1.C.1. Fellowships, etc.
Also included is letter of appointment as External Examiner
in Physics, Manchester, 1945.
A.57
Clare College, Cambridge, 1943-45.
Includes correspondence re election to Research Fellowship,
1943, and Official Fellowship, 1945, and miscellaneous
items on teaching and examinations.
A.58
Correspondence, 1947, re post of Director of Safety in Mines
Research.
For offer of post at Institute of Geophysics, Los Angeles, see J.133.
A.59-A. 61
Appointment as Professor of Physics, Toronto.
A.59
A.60
Correspondence and negotiations, 1947, including letter of
appointment with effect from 1 March 1948.
Correspondencere staffing and funding of UK Physics Departments,
sent at Bullard's request by N.F. Mott, W.L. Bragg, 1949.
A.61
Correspondence, 1949, re Bullard's resignation.
E.C. Bullard
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ZA
Biographical and personal
A.62
Correspondence, 1948, 1949, re possible appointments at
Cambridge.
For correspondencere the offer to Bullard of the post of
Director of the Scripps Institution, see C.14.
A.63-A.77
Appointment as Director, National Physical Laboratory (NPL).
See F.39-F.49 for NPL material after Bullard's resignation
as Director.
See A.241-A.246 for photographs of NPL occasions.
A.63
Letters and cables re appointment.
Includes letters of appointment, press-cuttings.
A.64-A.70
Letters and cables of congratulation.
A.64
A.65
A.66
A.67
A.7]
A-B
C-F
G-L
A.68
S-T
A.69
V-W
A.70
First name and un-
identified signatures
Correspondence and accounts, mainly with Royal Society, re
payments from the Petavel fund for expenses of furnishing
and entertaining at Bushy House (residence of the Director,
NPL).
by Bullard, 1950-55.
Includes detailed ms. accounts of expenditure claimed
A.72-A.76
Material relating to the history of Bushy House.
A.72
Notebook inscribed 'References to Bushy House’.
A.73
App. notes and references from State Papers, 1689-1695.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
22
Biographical and personal
A.74
Bundle of index cards of references, 1621-1864/5.
A.75
3pp. note on Bushy House, no author, 1932.
Correspondence re early owners of Bushy House, 1952, 1962.
A.76
Correspondence on Bushy House, 1962, 1970, 1980.
A.77
Invitation (declined) to serve on Visiting Board of NPL, 1976.
A.78
A.79
A.80
A.81
A.82
A. 83
Warrant of appointment, Board of Visitors, Royal Greenwich
Observatory, 1953.
Correspondence and negotiations re return to Cambridge, 1953-54.
Correspondence re election to Berkeley Bye-Fellowship, Caius
College, Cambridge, and resignation from NPL, January-
July 1955.
Correspondence re appointment as Senior Assistant in Research,
Department of Geodesy and Geophysics, November-December
1955, and one letter 1956.
Correspondence, 1955, re proposed research at Cambridge.
Offer (declined) of 'Institute Professorship’ to head new
Laboratory of Earth Science, Massachusetts Institute of Tech-
nology, 1958.
A. 84
Miscellaneous honours, 1959.
Award of Arthur L. Day Medal of Geological Society of
America for 1958.
Election as foreign associate, National Academy of Sciences,
1959.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
23
A.85-A. 87
Churchill College, Cambridge.
Biographical and personal
Bullard was a Professorial Fellow from 1960, anda
"Pensioner Fellow’ on his retirement in 1974.
pondencerefers to general academic and social affairs of
the College.
The corres-
3 folders as follows:
A.85
1960-73
A. 86
1974
A.87
1975-78.
Includes Bullard's letter of resignation from College
committees, and material re the Bullard Prize set
up to mark his retirement and awarded to the Churchill
undergraduate achieving the highest marks in Physics
in the Natural Sciences Tripos.
A. 88
Correspondence re Headships of Colleges at Oxford and Cambridge,
1960, c.1966, 1968.
Offer of Professorship at Yale, 1960 (declined).
A.89-A.91
University of East Anglia.
Bullard served on the Court of the University, and
received an Honorary D.Sc. in 1976.
3 folders as follows:
A.89
1961, 1970.
Includes material re University's decision to bank
elsewhere than at Barclays Bank.
A.90
1974-76.
Includes material re Bullard's Honorary Degree, originally
proposed for 1975 but deferred until 1976.
A.91
1976-79.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
24
Biographical and personal
-A.92-A.94
The Vetlesen Prize.
The prize was established in Columbia University in
‘It is awarded for 'achievement in the sciences of the
1959 by the G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation (itself set up in
1955).
earth and the universe', the first recipient being W.M. Ewing.
Bullard regularly attended the presentation meetings and made
recommendations, and was himself awarded the prize, with
F. Birch, in 1968.
See especially A.93 below.
3 folders as follows:
A.92
1962.
Award Dinner for H. Jeffreys and F.A. Vening Meinesz.
A.93
1968.
Award to Bullard and F. Birch.
Includes notification,
letters of congratulation, ms. note of Bullard's speech
of thanks at dinner, 8pp. draft of his lecture at the
symposium, publication arrangements, l4pp. revised
version, printed information re Vetlesen, Foundation and
prize, etc.
The letter of notification (11 October 1968) explains the
history of the prize which it was intended would 'in time
. rank in dignity and significance with the Nobel
Prizes which now recognise scholarly and scientific
achievement in otherfields’.
See also C.24,
A.94
1970, 1971.
A.95
Award of Alexander Agassiz Medal, National Academy of
Sciences, 1965.
A.96
Award of Wollaston Medal, Geological Society of London, 1967.
Correspondence, press notice, draft of Bullard's remarks on
receiving medal.
A.97
Election as Honorary Fellow, Indian Geophysical Union, 1967.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
23
A.98
A.99
A.100
A.101
A.102
A. 103
Biographical and personal
Invitation to University of Toronto as Centennial Visiting
Professor in 1967.
Brief correspondence, 1966-68.
See also G.157.
Correspondence, 1968-69, re offer to Bullard of newly-created
Henry L. Doherty Chair, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,
Massachusetts .
Correspondence, 1969, re Election as Foreign Member, American
Philosophical Society.
Certificate of Commendation, Committee on Oceanography,
Texas House of Representatives, 1970 (Bullard's letter only).
Election to Mark Twain Society, 1971 and 1976.
Conferral of honorary D.Sc., Memorial University of Newfoundland,
1971.
Correspondence, programme, etc.
Honorary Membership, Stokes Society, Cambridge, 1972
(correspondence only).
A.105
Honorary Fellowship, Geological Society of India, 1972
(correspondence only).
A.106
Retirement from Cambridge, 1974.
Letters and cables of greeting, signatures of those attending
retirement dinner at King's College, Bullard's notes for speech.
A. 107
A. 108
Correspondence re honorary degree, Leicester University, 1974.
Correspondence re honorary membership, European Geophysical
Society, 1974.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
A.109
26
Biographical and personal
Correspondencere offer to Bullard of Directorship, Marine
Science Institute, University of Texas at Austin, 1974.
Bullard declined, preferring to retain his connection with Scripps.
A.110-A.114
The Royal Medal, 1975
A.110
Notifications, citation, arrangements for award of medal,
press-cuttings.
A.111-A.114
Letters and cables of congratulation.
A.111
A- B
A.113. R-S
A.112
G-N
A.114.
V-Waand unidentified.
A.115
A.116
A.117
Award of the William Bowie Medal, 'for outstanding contributions
to fundamental geophysics and for unselfish cooperation in
research', 1975.
See also F.3.
Includes photocopy of Bullard's 'Reply on receiving the
Bowie Medal’.
Midsummer Banquet, Mansion House, London, 1976.
Caius College, Cambridge.
Re-election to Combination Room, 1978.
A.118
The Ewing Medal, 1978.
Bullard was not able to receive the Medal in person; the item
See also F.4.
is his Response on receiving the Ewing Medal'.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
27
Biographical and personal
A.119-A.121
'A Meeting in Honor of Sir Edward Bullard', held at Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, 11 and 12 January 1980.
The papers were published in the Journal of Geophysical Research,
1981, 86, pp.11509-11695.
The meeting was sponsored by:
Cambridge University
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
The Office of Naval Research
Scripps Institution of Oceanography
The University of Miami
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute
The range of sponsors and of the topics discussed (A.119) indicate
the breadth of Bullard's research interests.
friends (A.120) and Bullard's letters of thanks to the organisers
(A.121) show the affection in which he was held and his own
pleasure at what was tacitly recognised as a farewell.
The letters from
A.119
Programme, list of participants.
A.120
Letters and cables from friends.
A.121
Bullard's letters of thanks to A.E. Maxwell and W.A. Nierenberg
(photocopies).
A.122
A.123
Programmes of lectures, symposia and conferences given, organised
or attended by Bullard.
Miscellaneous press-cuttings of Bullard, career, activities,
honours.
28
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
Biographical and personal
A.124-A. 205
FAMILY AND PERSONAL
A.124-A.148
The Bullard family
A.149-A. 157
Personal correspondence
A.158-A. 205
Miscellaneous biographical material
A.124-A. 148
The Bullard family
A.124
A.125
A.126
Certificates (or copies) of Bullard's birth, marriage, divorce,
second marriage.
Correspondence, mainly with solicitors, about the estates
of Bullard's father (Edward John, d. 1950) and mother (Eleanor
HowesBullard, d. 1962).
Correspondence runs 1950-66 and
is in large part concerned with the affairs of Bullard and Sons,
the family brewery in Norwich.
See below.
Short account of the 'Anchor Brewery', the family firm founded
Bullard became a director in 1952 and continued as
in 1837.
such until the firm was taken over by Watney Mann in 1964.
épp. typescript, August 1955.
This is a photocopy of the original document which has been
deposited, with other material relating to the firm (1951-68)
at the Norfolk and Norwich Record Office where earlier
records of the firm are already held.
A.127
Correspondence and papers exchanged with Watney Mann,
1970-71.
Mainly about data processing systems and including a report
by Bullard after a visit to Watney Mann computer centre at
Brighton; also includes correspondence and papers on the
effect of weather on beer consumption.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
2?
Biographical and personal
A.128
Sir Harry Bullard (Bullard's grandfather, M.P. for Norwich,
d. 1902).
Mainly correspondence about estate (1955-57) but includes
some reminiscences by Bullard in response to an enquiry (1974).
Sir Frank Crisp (Bullard's grandfather).
Mainly correspondence from Bullard's sister, Molly, about
Friar
Park, the house at Henley built by Crisp and bought
(1970) by George Harrison of the Beatles.
A.130-A. 133
Margaret Ellen (Tom) Bullard, Bullard's first wife (m. 1931,
marriage dissolved 1974).
See Section D passim for Margaret Bullard's active participation
in various research projects in the 1930s and early 1940s.
The surviving correspondence dates from the later and less happy
years when the marriage was understrain.
Margaret Bullard's letters are dated and in the absence of
postmarks they are placed in a tentative order based on context.
Very few of
A.130
1954, 1962, 1965, 1967 and one unidentified letter to Margaret
Bullard 1934.
Portsmouth).
Includes post-card from Bullard, 1941 (after raids on
A.13]
1968 (approx. )
A.132
1971-73 (approx.)
A.133
1973-76
Emily (Stewart) and Henrietta (Bullard's twin daughters).
Brief correspondence, 1960s and 1970s.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
30
A.135-A. 137
Polly (Hill), Bullard's youngest daughter.
Biographical and personal
Very few of these letters are dated. They run approximately
1966-79, in three folders.
A.138
Notes and letters from Bullard's grandchildren.
A.139,A.140
Ursula Margery Bullard (formerly Curnow, née Cooke, Bullard's
second wife).
A.139
Miscellaneous shorter correspondence.
A.140
Drawing book, containing two drawings of Arthur, son of
Belinda Bullard (Bullard's eldest daughter) by Odile Crick,
and 7 drawings of Bullard in his last illness, 2 April 1980,
by Ursula Bullard.
Made available by Lady Bullard, 1982.
A.141
Miscellaneous correspondence with other members of the Bullard
family, or others of the same name, some including reminiscences
or biographical information.
A.142-A. 145
19 Clarkson Road, Cambridge (Bullard's home, now occupied by
Belinda Bullard).
Miscellaneous correspondence about purchase, heating, various
lettings of the house, 1954-75.
In his letter of 21 June 1955 Bullard states that the house was
built for him in 1935.
A.142
1950, 1954-57.
A.143
1955 (Bullard's drawings and specifications).
A.144
1968-75.
A.145
Miscellaneous correspondence with Belinda Bullard, 1970-76,
on various matters, including transfer of the lease of the house
in 1974.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
Biographical and personal
31
A. 146-A. 148
Correspondencewith solicitors (Francis & Company,
Cambridge), on various family matters, wills, trusts for
children and grandchildren, divorce settlement, etc.
A.146
1962-71.
Wills and settlements.
A. 147
1973-74.
Mainly divorce petition, and transfer of
lease of house.
A. 148
1974-77.
Wills and settlements.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
32
Biographical and personal
A.149-A, 157
Personal correspondence
These are all letters from female friends, most of very
long. acquaintance.
when there is a postmark, and some are signed with first names
only.
Few ofthe letters can be dated except
A.149, A.150
G
1940-74
A.151
I-K
A.152
L-M
A.153
A. 154
A.155
A. 156
A.157
R
S
S
T
1953-76
1950-79
1955-80
Miscellaneous cheques.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
33
Biographical and personal
A.158-A. 205
Miscellaneous biographical material
A.158-A. 177
Finance and Investments in Britain.
A.158-A. 164
Correspondence with accountants on UK Income Tax.
Includes statements of income and expenses prepared by
Bullard and by accountants.
The accountants were Down, Kilner & Company (corres-
pondence: W.R. Packer) until 1 May 1971, and thereafter
Buzzacott, Vincent, Watson, Kilner & Company (corres-
pondence: Thomas Kilner).
A.158
1961-64
A.159
1965-67
A.160
1968-69
A.161
1970-71
A.162
1972-73
A.163
1974
A.164
1975-80
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
Biographical and personal
A.165-A.171
Correspondence with N.M. Rothschild & Sons.
Rothschilds took over the management of Bullard's
investments at his suggestion from June 1967 (see letters May-
June 1967 in A.165). actively maintaining his portfolio,
keeping capital, income and deposit accounts and trans-
ferring monies to and from his bank accounts as requested.
The material includes transfer certificates, balances
of accounts and general correspondence on the management of
funds.
A.165
1967
A.166
1968
A.167
1969-70
A.168
1971-72
A.169
1973.
Includes statement of holdings as at 31 December 1973.
A.170
1974-79
A.171
Miscellaneous statements of accounts with Rothschilds.
A.172
A.173
A.174
Correspondence, 1975-79, with National Westminster Bank
concerning transfer of funds on Bullard's and Lady Bullard's
becoming U.S. residents.
Shorter correspondence re U.K. pension, 1975-80.
Correspondencere possible participation in Lloyds syndicate,
1971-74.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
A.175
A.176
A.177
35
Biographical and personal
Miscellaneous shorter notes and correspondenceon financial
matters, various dates, 1956-79.
Miscellaneous royalty statements, broadcast and TV fees.
Miscellaneous college and university fees, thesis supervision
and examining.
Bundle of dividend warrants, chiefly Bullard & Sons.
A.178-A. 184
Finance and Investments in U.S.A.
A.178
A.179
Correspondence with accountant (George A. Peterson) on
U.S.A. income tax and financial matters, 1962-78 (not all
complete).
Correspondence and papers re Lux Land Company, Brawley,
California.
R. &R. Land and Cattle Company.
Bullard was a 'Limited Partner'.
1965-74.
See also
A.180
Correspondence and papers re Universal Resources (a California
estate company), 1969-73.
A.181-A.184 Correspondence and papers re R. & R. Land and Cattle Company,
Brawley, California.
also Lux Land Company.
Bullard was a ‘Limited Partner’.
See
A.181
1970-73
A.182
1974-76
A.183
1979
A.184
Plans of ranch holdings and land improvements, mainly 1972.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
36
Biographical and personal
A.185-A. 189
Books.
Bullard had collected books on science and on the
history of science since student days, with a special interest
He bought at auction and from dealers, many
in Halley.
of whom cameto respect his knowledge and to consult him
on certain items.
See G.123-G.133 for Bullard's contribution to the Halley
Tercentenary .
See also F.21.
A.185
Correspondence with Dawsonsof Pall Mall, 1960-79.
A. 186
Miscellaneous correspondence on books and book purchases,
1965-77.
A. 187
Similar, 1978.
A.188
Similar, 1979.
A.189
Miscellaneous notes and lists of books and book purchases
by Bullard.
Includes notes for a talk on 'My Books' given
at San Diego, February 1977, describing his interest and
collection.
Photocopy of Bullard's catalogue of his books, some with notes
of dates of purchase and prices.
Biographical and personal
37
E.C Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
A.190-A. 194
Health
A.190
1943-49
A.191
1968-72
A.192
1973-74
A.193
1975-78
A.194
1979
A.195
Miscellaneous birthday, greeting, get-well cards, 1970s.
A.196
A.197
A.198
Miscellaneous memos., lists, engagement plans drawn up
by Bullard.
Correspondencere portraits, photographs and interviews
with Bullard.
Includes correspondence, 1972-73, with
Ruskin Spear about the retirement portrait now at the
Cambridge Department.
1959-77.
Miscellaneous humorous anecdotes, drawings, quotations
collected by or sent to Bullard.
A.199, A.200
Miscellaneous correspondence, notifications, etc. of societies
and appeals.
on Disarmament appeals.
Several of these are requests to sign Test Ban
A.199
1961, 1970-73
A. 200
1974-79
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
38
Biographical and personal
A. 201
A. 202
A. 203
A. 204
A. 205
Letters of congratulation sent by Bullard to colleagues
receiving honours and awards.
only, but some with replies.
Mostly Bullard's carbons
1960-79.
Letters of thanks to acknowledge books, articles, photographs,
etc. received by Bullard.
Shorter correspondence on social invitations, 1966-73 (only).
Miscellaneous items, including results of 1.Q. test (1952),
speeding fines, wine merchant (Bullard sent regular gifts of
wine to his doctors).
Miscellaneous items of personal correspondence, various dates.
Includes letter recalling Bullard's childhood in Norwich, letter
from wartime colleague at Portsmouth, etc.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
39
Biographical and personal
A.206-A. 257
PHOTOGRAPHS
A.206-A. 214
Photographs of Bullard
A.215-A. 218
Family and personal friends
A.219-A. 233
Conferences and eieone
A.234-A, 239
Scientific colleagues
A.240
Second World War
A.241-A. 246
National Physical Laboratory
A.247-A. 257
Expeditions and research
A.206-A. 214
Photographs of Bullard
A. 206
At National Physical Laboratory.
the portrait of Bullard by Bernard Dunstan at NPL.
Includes a photograph of
A. 207
Lecturing at Royal Institution, ¢.1954.
A. 208
Watching solar eclipse, with Chapman Pincher, n.d.
A.209
Miscellaneous photographs, some with dates
in 1950s.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
40
Biographical and personal
A.210
Photograph labelled by Bullard on verso: 'ECB with apparatus
for measuring heat flow through the floor of the ocean. Taken
in 1953.255".
Photograph inscribed 'NPL, British Ass. visit to ICI salt mine’.
A.211
At home.
A.212
Later photographs, including some late portraits at Alaska,
1978, 1979.
A.213
Set of 4 photographs, one labelled 'Lux Ranch’.
1970s.
A.214
Portrait study photograph.
A.215-A. 218
Family and personal friends
A.215
Of Ursula Bullard.
A.216
On safari in Kenya, 1968.
A.217
Envelope of miscellaneous photographs of friends, a few only
named and dated.
A.218
Humorous drawing of 'The BOMM bomber'.
A.219-A. 233
Conferences and groups
A.219
A.220
Group photographs of the Cambridge Department, 1930s (with
Lenox-Conyngham), 1960s.
Seventh General Assembly, |.U. Geodesy and Geophysics,
Washington D.C., September 1939 (2 copies).
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
4l
Biographical and personal
A. 221
Dallas, 1955.
National Bureau of Standards, 1955.
A. 222
A. 223
A.224
Anglo-U.S. ballistic missiles committee, Los Angeles, 1956.
Geneva conference on nuclear tests, 1958.
Set of photographs ofvisit to U.S. Air Base (probably Anglo-
U.S. missiles committee, 1959).
Press Conference on ‘Space’, c.1958.
A.225
First Major International Congress on Oceanography, United
Nations, New York, 1959.
Includes R. Revelle, W.M. Ewing.
A. 226
Vetlesen Lecture, 1960.
Earth Tide Symposium, Brussels, 1961.
A. 227
Second International Oceanographic Congress, Moscow, 1966.
A. 228
Churchill College, Cambridge.
Inauguration photograph.
Photograph of Bullard with Lord Home.
A.229
IBM Conference at Churchill College, 1967.
A. 230
Symposium on Earth's Magnetic Field, Washington D.C., 1968.
Opening (by Bullard) of Geomagnetic Research Laboratory,
Newfoundland, 1971.
A. 231
Bullard with astronauts, at Cambridge, 1971.
E.C, Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
42
Biographical and personal
A. 232
Alaska, n.d.
Conference at Princeton, 1972 (with Walter Sullivan).
Penn. State, 1976.
A. 233
Unidentified.
album from Rocketdyne (aviation company).
Loose photographs and a commemorative
A.234-A. 239
Scientific colleagues
A. 234
Early Cambridge days.
Includes copies of photographs of Rutherford and J.J. Thomson;
photograph of Bullard with G.I. Taylor, 1938; miscellaneous
photographs at Cavendish, 1930s.
Small photograph of Bullard with B. J. Schonland (perhaps in
Africa, c.1938).
A. 235
Sir Gerald Lenox-Conyngham.
Sir Harold Jeffreys.
A. 236
M.N. Hill.
A. 237
Set of photographs taken at the Royal Society, London, on the
occasion of the award of the Vetlesen Prize Medal to A. Holmes,
1964.
(The presentation was made by W.M. Ewing.)
A. 238
J. Miller, 1960.
L. Szilard, 1965, and Trude Szilard, 1970.
T.F. Gaskell, 1970.
M. Prior.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
43
Biographical and personal
A. 239
Miscellaneous other photographs, including NATO conference,
historical photograph of Einstein and von Neumann, Bullard
with Blackett and others.
A. 240
Second World War
Set of photographs, only one dated 'Clarence Pier 1940', but
all of same period, recording the devastation caused byfire
after anair raid.
and consequently Bullard and the team moved to Edinburgh.
The mine-sweeping apparatus was destroyed
A.241-A. 246
National Physical Laboratory
A. 24]
The Pilot ACE.
A. 242
Visit by H.R.H. Prince Philip.
A. 243
Visit by The King and Queen of Sweden.
A. 244
Visitors to the High Voltage Laboratory.
A. 245
Various NPL occasions.
lorry (with Polly Bullard), opening of NPL auditorium,
start of work on Ship Tank, presentation of Bullard's portrait,
Bullard with staff of Physics Department.
Includes Coronation exhibition
A. 246
Informal NPL occasions, sports days, garden parties, etc.
A. 247-A. 257
Expeditions and research
A. 247
Photograph labelled 'Fishing a large net from the Discovery II
May 1937' (photograph is a later copy).
E.C. Bullard |
CSAC 100/4/84
44
A. 248
A. 249
A. 250
Biographical and personal
Set of photographs taken in H.M.S. Tudor, July 1946,
during the Royal Society submarine gravity survey of the
eastern North Atlantic.
(B.C. Browne, R.I.B. Cooper, W. Niewenkamp).
Includes equipment, colleagues
Set of photographs of work on marine heat flow, 1949.
Includes equipment and apparatus, research vessel 'E.W. Scripps’,
A.E. Maxwell with probe, etc.
Envelope of photographs (small format) of equipment, colleagues,
etc. on 'Discovery' expeditions, none dated but some identified
on verso (Hill, Gaskell, Cleverley, Swallow, etc.).
A.251
Miscellaneous photographs, similar material, of 'Discovery'
equipment, colleagues and crew, etc., n.d. 1950s.
A.252
Photographs of heat flow probe, many taken by NPL. n.d. 1950s.
A. 253
A. 254
A.255
A. 256
A. 257
Miscellaneous expedition photographs, some with various dates,
1958-64.
Miscellaneous photographs of expedition to Fiji, Easter Island
and South Pacific, 1967.
Miscellaneous photographs (small format) of later expedition,
n.d., 1970s.
Miscellaneous photographs of research vessels, equipment and
apparatus. None dated.
Miscellaneous photographs of expeditions and apparatus, taken
by Scripps Institution or other U.S. sources.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
45
Biographical and personal
A.258-A.261
TAPE RECORDINGS
A.258, A.259
Two lectures at Berkeley, 1975.
A. 258
A. 259
A. 260
A. 261
'The Floor of the Deep Oceans - What Are They Like? '
20 January.
'The Floor of the Deep Oceans - What Is Happening There?'
3 February.
See H.20
"Physics and W.W.II', given at Berkeley 1976 (cassette).
'Scientific advice to government.
(cassette).
Lect.7' dated 3/4/76
See G.167 for transcript of the lecture.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
46
SECTION B
CAMBRIDGE B.1 - B.92
B.1-B.88
DEPARTMENT OF GEODESY AND GEOPHYSICS
B.1 -B.4
Early history of the Department
B.5 -B.29
Postwar organisation and research, 1943-48
B.30-B.73
Research and administration, 1956-80
B.74-B.88
Lectures
B.89-B.92
OTHER CAMBRIDGE DEPARTMENTS/INSTITUTIONS
For biographical material on Bullard's career at Cambridge,
his colleges, home and interests, see Section A, passim.
For material on research projects at or connected with
Cambridge, see Section D, passim.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
47
Cambridge
B.1-B.88
DEPARTMENT OF GEODESY AND GEOPHYSICS
B.1-B.4
EARLY HISTORY OF THE DEPARTMENT
The early material appears to have been inherited by Bullard
from Sir Gerald Lenox-Conyngham, either directly or via
B.C. Browne.
B.1
Tagged folder of correspondence and papers, inscribed
‘British Association Geodesy Committee/Correspondence
1916-1919 relating to the Establishment of a Geodetic Institute
in Britain’.
The British Association's Resolution of 11 May 1916 called
for a series of reports on various sciences. The report on Geodesy,
by F.W. Dyson, C.F. Close and E.H. Hills, resulted in the
setting up of a Committee 'To discuss the present needs of Geodesy,
including its relation to other branches of Geophysics, and to
report ...'.
was E.H. Hills, whose folder this originally was.
The Chairman was C.F. Close, and the Secretary
On the appointment of a Committee in Cambridge to con-
sider the establishment of a Professorship with a Geodetic
Institute, the B.A. Committee's work came to an end(seeletter,
30 June 1919).
The folder, which runs May 1916-July 1919, includes
preliminary material, correspondence with colleagues, members
of the committee, agendas, memoranda, committee arrangements,
appointments, etc.
Also included is earlier correspondence, 1915, re the
International Geodetic Association.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
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48
B.2
Correspondence exchanged between H.F. Newall and
G.P. Lenox-Conyngham, re the funding, setting up and
organisation of a school of Geodesy at Cambridge.
The
letters are ms., with typed transcripts.
Enclosed with the material is a letter, 1960, to 'My dear Ben'
(B.C. Browne) from Lenox-Conyngham's daughter who had
found the letters among her father's papers and thought them of
historical interest.
sumably inherited them.
Browne died in 1968 and Bullard pre-
The letters run 23 December 1918-April 1921.
In his letter of
19 April 1919 Lenox-Conyngham writes 'The last two days have
been rather anxious ones, with this attempted rebellion at Amritsar
and elsewhere’.
Correspondence March-April 1921 explores the possibility of
Lenox-Conyngham's appointment as Director of the proposed
school.
2pp. ms. account by Bullard 'Fifty years of Geodesy and Geo-
physics at Cambridge’, prepared for the 50th anniversary of the
founding of the Department, 1971.
With brief correspondence re Praelectorship in Geodesyat Trinity
College, Cambridge.
Annual Reports of the Committee for Geodesy and Geophysics,
1932-36, 1938, 1940-43, 1945-48.
These reports have been drawn upon for information on research
at the Department, and particularly Bullard's own projects.
B.3
B.4
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
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49
B.5-B.29
POSTWAR ORGANISATION AND RESEARCH, 1943-48
B.5 -B.10
Memoranda and Reports
B.11-B.22
Equipment
B.23-B.29
Research and administration
Bullard's earliest note on postwar requirements dates from 1943 (B.5-B.7).
He was a member of the Royal Society Committee on postwar needs in Geophysics
set up in February 1944, to which he submitted several memoranda, and whose
recommendations included the extension of the Cambridge Department.
See F.86-
F.89.
Bullard was also a memberof the joint committee appointed by the Royal Society
and the University Grants Committee to organise the distribution of government surplus
stores to universities at the end of the war.
He was active in visiting various official
stores and depots, drawing up lists of material, and - as representative of Cambridge
University - bidding for material on behalf of other Cambridge departments as well
as the Department of Geodesy and Geophysics (B.11-B.16).
On his return in 1945 to his post as Reader in Geophysics, Bullard was for practical
purposes head of the Department and responsible for matters of equipment, staff and day-
to-day administration (B.17-B. 29).
B.5-B.10
Memoranda and reports
5.5
'The Post-War Development of Geophysics.
to be submitted to the Nuffield Trustees.’
Draft of a scheme
8pp. typescript draft, with a covering letter from Sir Ronald
Fraser dated March 1943, bearing ms. corrections by Bullard
and Fraser.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
50
Cambridge
B.6
'Draft of a scheme for the Post-war development of Geophysics.'
9pp. typescript with ms. revisions.
B is
Uses similar material to
B.7
‘Notes on the cost of providing for Geophysics in Cambridge."
9pp. typescript and ms. draft by Bullard, written to supplement
the above, July 1943.
B.8
B.9
'Report of the sub-committee appointed by the Committee for
Geodesy and Geophysics.' (Cambridge).
Report, and amendments, prepared for meeting on 20 September
1943.
Letter from Bullard to Lenox-Conyngham, setting out his views
on the development of geophysics at Cambridge, with reference
to the above, March 1945.
‘Draft report of the Committee of the General Board on the
future of the Department of Geodesy and Geophysics', 1948.
See D.351 for a research proposal, 1949.
B.11-B.22
Equipment
Draft memoranda re distribution of surplus government
equipment to universities, correspondence with officials,
ministers, colleagues, etc., re compilation oflists of
material available through scheme, March 1945-March 1946.
B.12
Official lists of Government surplus stores made available
for purchase via University Grants Committee, various dates,
1945.
The list of radio components is annotated by Bullard and
B.C. Browne.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
Bl
Cambridge
Supplements to Ministry of Supply lists and miscellaneous
other typescript lists or drafts for lists.
Correspondence, etc. re requirements of various Departments
of Cambridge University (including Department of Geodesy
and Geophysics), October 1945-August 1946.
Miscellaneous lists of requirements of machinery and equip-
ment prepared by various Cambridge Departments (including
Department of Geodesy and Geophysics).
Consignment notes, invoices, etc. for equipment supplied
from various ministries and government stores to Department
of Geodesy and Geophysics.
B.17-B.19
Correspondence and papers re gravimeter for research in the
Department of Geodesy and Geophysics, 1946-47 (not indexed).
With officials and colleagues re Graf gravimeter from Germany
through Treasury Reparations Scheme.
With commercial firms and suppliers of parts and equipment.
B.19
Bullard's ms. notes and diagrams.
B.20-B.22
Correspondence with industrial firms and suppliers re various
items of equipment for Department and research projects.
Not indexed.
B.20
B.21
1945
1946.
Correspondence April includes letters explaining
purpose of research project to make a Gravity Survey
of the western seaboard of the British Isles, under the
joint Navy/Royal Society advisory committee for ship-
borne research.
isation of thermometers.
Correspondence August is re standard-
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
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52
B.22
Miscellaneous receipts, invoices, consignment notes, etc.
for departmental supplies, 1945, 1946.
B.23-B.29
Research and administration
Buia
B.24
B.25
B.26
B.27
Correspondence, 1944-46, with Lenox-Conyngham, B.C. Browne,
L.R. Flavill re resumption of work at Cambridge, and with
others coming or applying to work there.
Correspondence and papers re Shell Studentships in Geophysics,
1945.
Two Studentships were offered by the Royal Dutch Shell Group
of Companies, to begin 1 October 1945; folder includes corres-
pondence with the Company and with Cambridge University re
setting-up of scheme, draft notice, etc. and with applicants
for the first studentships.
Correspondence, 1946-47, re proposed collaborative research
on echo-sounding at sea, with Admiralty and others, and
its funding.
Correspondencere trials of Siebe Gorman Bathysphere at
Portsmouth.
as a witness, 1946-47.
Includes ms. report by B.C. Browne who attended
Correspondence, 1945-46, re requests to visit Bullard or seek
advice on starting or continuing research projects, set up
institutes, etc.
B.28
Shorter administrative correspondence, 1946.
B.29
Correspondence with Cambridge University General Board
and Treasurerre affairs of the Department: budget estimates,
staff, building requirements.
1945-46.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
53
B.30-B.73
RESEARCH AND ADMINISTRATION, 1956-80
Cambridge
B.30-B.37
Research proposals
B.38-B.64
Expedition and research reports
B.65-B.73
General administrative material
It should be noted that much of the material on research is by other members of
the Department, principally M.N. Hill.
The authorship is noted where known.
See Section D for further material on research projects undertaken at this period.
The 'General administrative material' at B.65-B.73 consists of the surviving
documents from Bullard's own files and is in no sense a comprehensive record of the
Department.
B.30-B.37
Research proposals
B.30
‘Proposed survey of the mid-Atlantic ridge. '
2pp. draft, n.d., probably written for G.E.R. Deacon by
M.N. Hill in 1958, shortly after D.H. Matthews joined the
Department. (Information from D.H. Matthews, 1983.)
B.3]
B.32
‘Proposed future plans for marine investigations by the
Department of Geodesy and Geophysics .
!
7pp. typescript by M.N. Hill, November 1959.
"Geological and Geophysical investigations of the floor of the
ocean andof neighbouring shallow seas undertaken by the
Department ...'
A historical survey, 6pp. typescript, by M.N. Hill, November
W959.
B.33
"Seismology in the United Kingdom. Future requirements.'
3pp. typescript, no author, January 1960.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
B.34
‘NATO Magnetic Survey.'
Cambridge
5pp. typescript + tables and notes (the latter signed
'DHM' EMatthews J, 9 March 1962).
B.35
'Needs of the Department ... for the Quinquennium 1962-67",
App. typescript memorandum, no author or date.
B.36
‘Data logging and data reduction at sea.'
App. typescript by D.H. Matthews, July 1965.
B.37
‘Marine Geophysics at Cambridge. '
3pp. circular letter by D.H. Matthews, on past research
and future proposals, January 1980.
B.38-B.64
Expedition and research reports
B.38
B.39
B.40
Untitled journal, 18 July-30 August, no author or year, but
almost certainly by Hill and referring to R.R.S. 'Discovery II’
expedition, 1956.
19pp. typescript.
magnetometer are marked by Bullard.
All references to work with the proton
See D.484-D.506.
'M.N. Hill's journal of the cruise of "Discovery II" May to
July 1958."
28pp. typescript.
'The cruise of R.R.S. "Discovery II" May 9 to July 28, 1958.
Report from the Department ....'
13pp. typescript, with contributions by several participants.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
Cambridge
55
B.41
'MNH's journal of "Discovery II" cruise August-October 1960."
22pp. typescript + 3pp. ‘Extract from journal of A.S. Laughton',
and 'Station List’.
B.42
"Expedition by R.V. "Sarsia", June 19-29 1961.'
3pp. typescript by Hill.
B.43
'MNH's journal of "Discovery II" expedition: January-March
1962.'
q
35pp. typescript.
B.44
"Station list' for above expedition.
App., and chart.
B.45
‘Cruise Report' for above expedition.
Spp. typescript, no author.
B.46
B.47
B.48
Report on Indian Ocean Expedition in H.M.S. ‘Owen', 12-26
April 1962.
3pp. typescript by B.C. Browne.
Report on expedition in R.V. 'Argo' (a Scripps Institution
vessel), October-November 1962.
2pp. typescript by T.J.G. Francis.
'H.M.S. "Vidal" - operation NAVADO. Report on the work
of members of the Department ... during the cruise from
Portland to Hamburg and back', September-October 1963.
2pp. typescript by B.C. Browne.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
56
Cambridge
B.49
'H.M.S. "Vidal" ... Portland to Oporto,’ October 1963.
2pp. typescript by J.O. Beaumont.
B.50-B.64
Office of Naval Research Grants.
Application, budgets, reports, etc. prepared for O.N.R.,
B.50 is a budget
many relating to the expeditions above.
for 1960-61 in which the grant reference is NR 083-153;
on the other reports the contract number is N 62558-2704.
The dates run 1 December 1960 to 28 February 1963; some
of the reports are signed by M.N. Hill and other members of
the Department.
B.65-B.73
General administrative material
B.65, B.66
Requests to visit/work in Department, letters of thanks.
B.65
1960-69
B.66
1970-77
B.67
B.68
B.69
Correspondence on research at Department, 1960-68.
Miscellaneous correspondence re staff, research, expeditions
1963-79.
Includes list of 'The Whereabouts of Cambridge Mariners’,
listing names and careers of research students, 1950-79.
Correspondence, 1968-69, with Hydrographer of the Navy
re the transfer to his new Geophysical Laboratories ofa
sine lift from the Cambridge Department.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
Cambridge
57
B.70
Correspondence, 1974, re the organisation of ‘earth science’
at Cambridge.
Bullard's reply of 24 October, in answer to a request for
information, is an interesting summary of his work on the
history of the subject at Cambridge, its likely development
there, and his own suggestions for its place in university
studies.
B.71
Correspondence with J.A. Jacobs (Bullard's successor as
Professor) re research and affairs of the Department, 1975-79.
Correspondence 1979 includes discussion on the merging of
'Earth Sciences Departments' at Cambridge and the proposal
to name the Madingley Rise site the ‘Bullard Laboratories’.
B.72
Miscellaneous correspondence re buildings.
Includes press report from O.N.R. 'European Scientific News'
re opening of new building at the Department, and a letter
from Bullard to Jacobs, 1978, about the apple tree at Depart-
ment, a scion of Newton's apple tree, obtained by Bullard
from Kew in 1970.
B.73
Correspondence, 1969-70, with David Peace re engraved
glass door for new building.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
58
Cambridge
B.74-B.88
LECTURES
‘These are notes for University lecture courses, mainly at
Cambridge, but see B.76-B.78 for lectures originally given
at Toronto.
Very few are dated.
Other lectures given in Cambridge may be found in Section G.
B.74
B.75
Miscellaneous lecture schedules and summaries, various dates
and undated.
Extensive sequence of notes for courses of lectures in
Mechanics, 28 numbered pages and many intercalated pages.
pp. 2 and 3 only of similar material.
B.76
'2nd Year Acoustics Lect.'
Miscellaneous ms. notes, some paginated.
folder.
First given at Toronto 1948.
In original
B.77
"Applied Geophys. Lect.'
Miscellaneous ms. notes, some paginated.
folder, n.d., similar to above.
In original
B.78
"Lecture notes'
Miscellaneous ms. notes on various topics in physics.
original folder, n.d., similar to above.
In
B.79
Miscellaneous shorter lectures:
"Physics for Arts Students, 1956'
‘Origin of the Earth's Magnetic Field', 1957
'Rockets and Satellites (to Arts Students 1959)'
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
B.80
‘Earth's Magnetic Field'
Cambridge
59
Course of 8 lectures, 1958.
In original folder.
B.81
"Geological Time'
Course of 3 lectures, Michaelmas Term 1959.
In original folder.
B.82, B.83
Notes for courses on Geophysics, various dates, numberings
and paginations (few complete).
B.82
B.83
1956, 1961, 1962.
In original folder.
1967, 1971, 1973 (complete course of 8 lectures).
B.84
"Mechanics'
20pp. sequence, 1960.
In original folder.
B.85
B.86
Similar sequence paginated 8-23.
‘Earth structure and oceans’
7 lectures, October 1963.
B.87
'Phys. of Earth.
Part 2 General’
Lectures 2-8 of course, October 1967.
In original folder.
B.88
Miscellaneous shorter lectures:
‘Minerals from the deep sea', 1971
‘Earth's magnetic field', 1974
‘Continental Drift’, 8th lecture (only), n.d.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
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60
B.89-B.92
OTHER CAMBRIDGE DEPARTMENTS AND INSTITUTIONS
In alphabetical order.
B.89
Department of Botany
1964
Cambridge Philosophical Society
1946, 1964
B.90
The Cavendish Laboratory
1956-63, 1969, 1973
General correspondence, principally with
N.F. Mott but also with other colleagues, on
research, funding, personnel, lectures, etc.
B.91
Computer Laboratory
Pye of Cambridge
Scientific Periodicals Library
University Chemical Laboratory
1971
1970
1970, 1977
1973, 1974
B72
University General Board
2pp. 'Comments ... on the development of the
University’, witha ms. note at end 'prob. about
1957 or 1958'.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
61
SECTION C
CALIFORNIA C.1 - C.43
INTRODUCTION TO SECTION C
Bullard's first documented connection* with the University of California
was during his period at Toronto, when he spent the summer of 1949 working with
A.E. Maxwell at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography on marine heat flow (C.12-
C.14).
This work, mainly concerned with the design of apparatus, was the start of
continuing work through the 1950s and its successful completion was regarded as a
"historic occasion’ for Scripps (see C.26).
A typescript draft report of the 1949 work,
by Bullard and Maxwell, appears at G.25.
See also A. 249.
During the 1949 visit, Bullard was approached to consider appointment as
Director of Scripps, but declined in view of his decision to return to Britain as Director
of NPL (see C.14).
His connection with Scripps, and the friends and colleagues
there, remained among the most valued of his life.
He returned regularly over the
years in various research and teaching capacities, and became a United States resident,
based in California, after his retirement in 1974.
The offer of the Directorship of
Scripps was repeated in 1964 (see C.18) and again declined, this time from loyalty to
Cambridge.
The symposium organised in his honour at Scripps in January 1980 was a
tribute to his role in animating research projects and to the affection he inspired.
See
A.119-A.121.
*
See J.133 for correspondence with L.B. Slichter in 1947 offering Bullard
a post at the newly-constituted Institute of Geophysics at UCLA where Slichter had
been appointed Director.
SOME OF THE MATERIAL IN THIS SECTION MAY BE SUBJECT TO RESTRICTION.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
A note on nomenclature
California
62
Bullard's long connection spanned various expansions, mergings and changes
of organisation and title at the University of California, not all of which are consistently
The
represented in the references or indeed on the letter-heads of the correspondence.
following outline of events, quoted by permission, was provided by the Archivist of the
Scripps Institution of Oceanography Library:
'The Scripps Institution of Oceanography has been part of the University
of California since 1912.
It was founded in 1903 as the Marine Biological
Association of San Diego, and its name was changed in 1912 to the Scripps
Institution for Biological Research of the University of California.
the name was changed to Scripps Institution of Oceanography. From 1912
to 1937, the Berkeley campus of the University of California granted degrees
to students studying at Scripps and undertook some administrative andfiscal
responsibility concerning the operation of Scripps.
In 1938 these functions
were transferred to the new University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).
Since 1960, when the University of California, San Diego (UCSD) was founded,
Scripps has been officially defined as a research and graduate school of
UCSD.
In 1925
The Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics (IGPP) is a university-
There are branches of IGPP
The institute was founded in 1946 as the Institute
wide institute of the University of California.
at Scripps and at UCLA.
of Geophysics, and its headquarters were at UCLA.
Walter Munk was the sole representative of the institute on the Scripps campus.
In 1960, the Scripps branch of the institute was established, and the name of
the institute was changedto its current form.
Although the La Jolla branch
of IGPP is physically located on the Scripps campus and cooperates closely
with Scripps, in administrative terms it is independent of any single University
of California campus.
From 1947 to 1960,
The University of California, San Diego, began in the late 1950s as
the brainchild of Roger Revelle, then director of the Scripps Institution.
1960 is generally recognized as the official date of its establishment even
though some UCSD faculty was recruited before that date.
campus was completed, its Institute of Technology and Engineering and
School of Science and Engineering were physically located on the Scripps
Campus.
Before the UCSD
The University of California, San Diego, was initially called the
University of California, La Jolla.
by the University and a degree granted under that name.
Forpolitical
considerations, however, the name was changedin 1961 to University of
California, San Diego.
It is acceptable to refer to it as the San Diego
campusof the University of California as well.'
In fact, one dissertation was accepted
E-C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
California
63
C.1-C.11
ADMINISTRATIVE AND PERSONAL
Includes Bullard's appointments, visa applications, resident
status, retirement pension, insurance.
For other personal material see Section A passim.
C.12.-.C.28
RESEARCH AND ACADEMIC
Includes research correspondence and papers, staff, promotions,
expeditions, meetings, conferences, publications, other
institutions of the University.
Much ofthis is necessarily exchanged during Bullard's periods
at Cambridge away from California, and is thus only a partial
record.
For work on BOMM, see D.528 - D.576.
For work on palaeomagnetism, see D.586 - D. 592.
For work on nuclear waste, see D.613 - D.643.
For consultancies in California, see E:99 - E.113, E.185 - E.187.
C.29 - C.43
LECTURES AND TEACHING
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
California
C.1-C.11
ADMINISTRATIVE AND PERSONAL
1961 (one letter only).
1962
1963
Includes correspondence, July, re Bullard's appoint-
ment as ‘research associate in the Institute of Geo-
physics and Planetary Physics at the University of
California, San Diego'.
Includes correspondence, July, re Bullard's appoint-
ment as 'Visiting Professor V for a period of three
months each year commencing September 1, 1963, in
the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics’.
C.2
1964-66
Includes correspondence, February 1966, re
Bullard's appointment as 'Professor, Step V, inthe
Scripps Institution of Oceanography at the University
of California, San Diego ... from July 1, 1966, for
a period of three months per year’.
C.8
C.4
C.5
C.6
C7
1967-68
1969-70
Includes a note, April 1970, by Bullard of his
research at IGPP on Plate Tectonics and on the Earth's
magnetic field, for inclusion in Institute Report.
Also included is material about the proposed Inter-
national Center of La Jolla.
1971-72
Includes correspondence, May 1971, about
Bullard's promotion to what he terms in his letters of
thanks, 'a yet grander kind of professor’.
1973-74
Includes correspondence re Green Scholarships
(see also C.8, C.27) and to Bullard's visit to Berkeley
(see also H. 20).
Correspondence, visa applications and other miscellaneous
papers re granting of U.S. resident visas to Bullard and to
Lady (Ursula) Bullard, December 1974-August 1976.
Includes biographical information, details of previous appoint-
ments and salary at Scripps Institution.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
California
65
C.8
1975-76
Includes correspondence, December 1975-
January 1976, on Bullard's appointment as a 'Cecil
H. and Ida Green Scholar', and correspondence,
October 1976, on his appointment as ‘Professor
Recalled to Active Duty’.
C9
1975-76
Correspondence, etc. re retirement pension.
See A.11 for a letter by Bullard commenting on the
University pension system.
1975-78
Correspondence, etc. re medical insurance and
claims.
1977-79
Includes correspondence, December 1977, re
Bullard's re-appointment for Fall Quarter 1977 and
Winter Quarter 1978, his letters of resignation,
April and May 1979, and a copy of a paper by
R. Revelle 'The Adolescence of The Elephant' given
at the 75th anniversary banquet of the Scripps
Institution of Oceanography, April 1978.
Correspondence 1979 testifies to the great success
of Bullard's lectures and teaching.
C,12-C.28
RESEARCH AND ACADEMIC
C.12-C.14
Correspondence and papers, 1948-49, re Bullard's visit to
Scripps, June-September 1949, to work on marine heat flow.
See also A. 249, C.26, G.25.
Invitation and arrangements, comments on the research
proposal sent to C. Eckhart (Director, Scripps Institution).
Letters of thanks after visit, list of ‘Submarine geologists ...
with comments by Bullard.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
C.14
66
California
Letters re the offer to Bullard of the post of Director of
Scripps.
In his letter of 9 September 1949 to President
Sproul, Bullard explains his reasons for declining, his
admiration for Scripps and his warm commendation of
R. Revelle for the Directorship.
€.15
1962
Includes correspondence, February-March, re
W.H. Munk's fellowship at Churchill College,
Cambridge, to ‘extract components of oceanic and
atmospheric tides from very long geophysical time
series’ (jointly with Bullard); correspondence on
ocean heat flow with W.H.K. Lee and others.
C.16
1963
Includes continuing correspondence on heat flow,
and preliminary suggestion for Bullard's part-time
appointment (see also C.1).
C.17
1963-64
Correspondence re Scripps expedition in R.V. Baird
to Easter Island, Juan Fernandez and Valparaiso in
August 1964.
See D.586-D.592 for research on palaeomagnetism
arising from expedition.
C.18
1964
General correspondence onscientific matters, including
BOMM, SCOR (q.q.v.).
Bullard to consider nomination as Director of Scripps.
Letter of 13 May asks
C.19
1964-65
Correspondence with W.H.K. Lee re publication
'Terrestrial Heat flow' (ed. Lee), Geophys. Monogr.
No.8, to which Bullard contributed a ‘Historical
introduction’ (Bibliog. 1965e).
C.20
1965
Includes correspondence and data re magnetic reversals
for rocks from South Pacific expedition (see D.586-
D.592), correspondence re proposed publication in
Bullard's honour of papers of International Symposium
on Geothermal Problems at |.U.G.G. General Assembly,
1966, etc.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
C.2]
C.22
C23
C.24
G.25
C.26
C.27
California
67
1966-67
General scientific correspondence re research
and appointments.
1966-67
Correspondence and papers re Scripps NOVA
expedition to southwestern Pacific.
Horizon, 13 July-8 August, Suva-Brisbane, for sampling
of palaeomagnetic rocks and volcanic lavas.
Bullard was on
Includes a carbon letter from Bullard, 1970, re specimens
collected on NOVA expedition.
1968
Correspondence with and re Y. Bottinga.
1968-70
Includes congratulations on the award of the
Vetlesen prize, a note, August 1969, by Bullard on
‘Magnetic Stratigraphy and JOIDES', Bullard's assess-
ment of the work of IGPP, etc.
1971-73
General correspondence on research and appoint-
ments.
1973
Material on the history of research on marine heat
flow at Scripps, stemming from Bullard's joint work
in 1949 (see C.12-C.14).
of the subject by E.N. Shor, with comments and corres-
pondenceby Bullard, September-October 1973.
Includes a draft account
See A.4 for a copy of the article 'E.C. Bullard's First
Heat-Probe' as published in 1984.
Correspondence and papers re selection of Green Scholars,
funded by Cecil and Ida Green 'for the benefit of the Institute
of Geophysics and Planetary Physics and ... the entire Earth
Sciences community at Scripps Institution of Oceanography’,
1973-74, 1979.
Bullard was Chairman of the selection committee and was him-
self a Green Scholar in 1976 (see C.8).
Folder includes background information on the terms of the gift.
C.28
1974-78
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
C.29-C.43
LECTURES AND TEACHING
California
68
Bullard was concerned with various sets of lectures for the APIS* courses.
He
gave lectures, and also set, graded and moderated tests and examinations. He explains
in his letter of resignation (C.11) that he had previously been little involved with
undergraduate teaching, but had found it enjoyable; this was clearly reciprocated
(C.31).
The several records of tests and examinations indicate his conscientious
yet humane approach to this aspect of academic life, even in 1979-80 when he knew
that he was terminally ill (see esp. C.33, C.34).
.
APIS = Applied Physics and Information Sciences.
<29
C.30
C.8]
C.32
C.33
General correspondence and circulars on timetables, schedules,
etc.
1967, 1974-79.
Reading-lists, orders for books/reprints, handouts and teaching
material for Bullard's classes.
Evaluations of, and comments on, Bullard's courses by participants.
Tests and examinations: question papers, draft or 'ideal' answers,
various dates, 1973-79.
Material re examinations, winter 1979 (Bullard's last at Scripps).
Arrangements, scalings, detailed performances.
C.34
Correspondence with and re students and their examination grades.
1974, but mainly 1978-80, when Bullard wasseriously ill but
still brought meticulous care to re-assessment, comments on
work, etc.
woo
Lists of participants in Bullard's courses, and their gradings,
1978, 1979.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
69
C.36
C.37
C.38
C.39
C.40
C.41
C.42
C.43
California
21pp. ms. notes for course of lectures on 'The Earth’, some
dated 1973, 1974.
llpp. ms. notes for course of lectures on ‘Earth's Magnetic
Field (Scripps Oct. 1974)', and 2pp. additional notes.
Shorter ms. notes for lectures on 'Magnetic Limestones' and
‘Atlantic continental edges', both October 1974.
Ms. notes, arrangements and schedules for lectures and
seminars on Plate Tectonics, January 1976.
Ms. notes for lectures on ‘Plate tectonics', 'Fits and Splits’,
'Earth's magnetic field', 'Disc Dynamos', all October-
’ December 1977.
Ms. notes, arrangements and schedules for lectures and
seminars on ‘Development of ideas on plate tectonics' and
‘Origin of earth's magnetic field', 1978 and 1979.
Miscellaneous shorter notes for lectures on various topics,
given at La Jolla, various dates, 1965-73.
Miscellaneous notes, summaries of lectures, etc., various
dates or undated.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
70
SECTION D
RESEARCH
D.1-D.651
INTRODUCTION TO SECTION D
Almost all this work is in manuscript, and a substantial part of it remains in
Bullard's original folders bearing his descriptions and dates, which are quoted in
inverted commas in the catalogue entries.
The policy of retaining the original
arrangement of the folders has been followed even when only one or two sheets of
paper were contained; D.143, D.293 contain folders now empty from which material
had been removedorredistributed by Bullard in ways not now easily traceable.
Very
bulky folders, and a fortiori the large filing-drawer dividers Bullard sometimes used to
hold his more extensive accumulations of material, have been split into more manage-
able units for ease of reference.
Much ofthe early work on gravity measurement and explosion seismology, con-
ducted from the Cambridge Department of Geodesy and Geophysics, includes corres-
pondencewith or to the then Reader, Sir Gerald Lenox-Conyngham, and other members
of the Department.
In conjunction with Section B it thus forms a useful contribution
to the history of the subject and the Department.
To a considerably less extent, some of the work on geomagnetism conducted
when Bullard was Director of the National Physical Laboratory includes material
relating to staff and activities there.
The topics are presented in chronological order of the earliest documented
evidence of Bullard's involvement.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
LIST OF CONTENTS
Research
7
D.1
-D.17
SCHOOL AND UNIVERSITY NOTEBOOKS
1925-29
D.18 -D.23
ELECTRON SCATTERING
1929-31
D.24 -D.294
GRAVITY MEASUREMENT
Pendulum Swings D.24-D.143
1924-53
With an introductory note
African Gravity Campaign
1933-36, 1956
D.144-D.294
With an introductory note
D.295-D.351
EXPLOSION SEISMOLO GY
Introductory note
On land
D.295-D.341
1933, 1935-36
At sea
D.342-D. 351
1937-39
D.352-D.426
HEAT FLOW
On land
D.352-D.398
1937-58
With an introductory note
At sea
D.399-D.426
1949-58
With an introductory note
D.427-D.429
AIRBORNE MAGNETOMETER
D.430-D.433
FIGURE OF EARTH
1947
. 1947
D.434-D.476
DYNAMO THEORY
1947-79
With an introductory note
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
Research
72
D.477-D.483
EARTH DENSITY
c.1951-56
D.484-D.506
PROTON MAGNETOMETER
1956-58, 1966
D.507-D.513
SEISMIC REFLECTION/APPLIED
SEISMO LO GY
D.514-D.517
ARGON DATING
With an introductory note
1956-58
1956-61
D.518-D.522
SECULAR VARIATION
c.1958-59
D.523-D.576
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS
EDSAC
D.523-D.527
e. 1959-62
With an introductory note
BOMM
D.528-D.576
1960-76
With an introductory note
D.577-D.585
CONTINENTAL DRIFT
¢.1962-65, 1975
D,556-D,,572a
PALAEO MAGNETISM
1964-66
D.593-D.609
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF OCEANS
1965-71
D.610-D.612
MAGNETIC VARIATIONS
1967-69
D.613-D. 643
ENERGY SOURCES/NUCLEAR WASTE
1976-80
With an introductory note
D.644-D.651
MISCELLANEOUS
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
Research
73
D.1-D.17
SCHOOL AND UNIVERSITY NOTEBOOKS, 1925-29
D.1, Di2
School Notebooks
D.1
D.2
Black notebook, inscribed 'E.C. Bullard 28/12/25 Chemistry’.
Hardback notebook, inscribed 'E.C. Bullard Feb 4th 1926 Repton.
Cohen's Organic Chemistry’.
D.3-D.17
Undergraduate notebooks
Chemistry
D.3
D.4
Hardback notebook, inscribed 'E.C. Bullard 14/10/26 Chemistry’
(few pages used).
Hardback notebook, inscribed 'E.C. Bullard.
Volumetric'.
January 1927-February 1928, some checked and counter-
signed 'J.B.'.
Record of experiments.
16/1/27.
D.5-D.7
Three jotter-type notebooks, all bearing Bullard's name and
two with a later note '1927 or 1928'.
Mineralogy
D.8
Blue notebook, ‘Practical Mineralogy', inscribed inside front
cover 'E.C. Bullard. Clare.
'These note books were returned to me by Mrs. Hutchinson
after Prof. Hutchinson's death. E.C.B. 2/2/38'.
18/1/27', witha ms. note
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
Physics
Research
74
D.9
Small red notebook, labelled 'Heat'.
Large springback folder.
The inscription is 'E.C. Bullard,
Repton, Oct. '25', but the contents are miscellaneous, some
possibly dating from Repton, but most on various topics in
physics and many bearing various dates 1926-29, in no
obvious order.
Hardback notebook, labelled 'E.C. Bullard.
14/10/26. Physics’.
Black looseleaf notebook, of notes taken at lectures at
Cambridge, 1926.
Includes:
'Mechanics & Properties of Matter. Mr. Woods'
‘Organic Chemistry.
Prof. Sir W. Pope. Mr. Palmer'
‘Mineralogy.
Prof. Hutchinson’
Springback folder, inscribed 'E.C. Bullard. Clare. 7/1/28.
General Dynamics from notes taken at Mr. Pars' Lectures
Michaelmas Term 1927'.
This is a written-up account, paginated 1-115, with an index
of 57 sections.
Green notebook, inscribed 'E.C. Bullard.
Practical crystal physics’.
Clare.
14/10/27.
Red notebook, inscribed 'E.C. Bullard, Clare.
Practical Physics Dr. Ellis' Lab.'.
10/10/27.
Red notebook, inscribed 'Part 2 Phys. Practical Class'. Work
runs 15 October 1928-26 February 1929.
Softback notebook, labelled 'E.C. Bullard, Clare.
(Translation, presumably
Translation of Schrddinger, 1926'.
by Bullard, of papers on wave mechanicsby E. Schrédinger. )
17/3/28.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
75
Research
D.18-D.23
ELECTRON SCATTERING, 1929-31
This was Bullard's first research, conducted at the Cavendish Laboratory under
Rutherford, in collaboration with H.S.W. (later Sir Harrie) Massey.
See A.13 for an account by Bullard of the work and the conditions in which it
was carried out in the ‘attic' referred to inD.18.
Seealso J.10, J.91.
D.18
D.19
Softbacked green notebook, inscribed 'E.C. Bullard, Clare.
"The Attic".
Long Vac. 1929'.
Experiments, mainly with apparatus, various dates July-
August 1929.
Small hardbacked notebook, inscribed 'E.C. Bullard, Cavendish
Lab. 11/10/29.
Lab. Diary’.
Entries run 10 October 1929-15 February 1930.
D.20-D.23
Four notebooks on electron scattering. D.20 lacks the inside
front page; D.21-D.23 are inscribed with the names of Bullard
and Massey and are all titled 'Scattering of Electrons in Gases’
and numbered 2, 3 and 4 respectively.
D.20
D.21
D.22
D.23
No nameor title, experiments run 28 October 1929-13 June 1930.
Notebook 2, experiments run 13 June-3 August 1930.
Notebook 3, experiments run 7 August-12 November 1930.
Notebook 4, experiments run 14 November 1930-13 March
1931.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
Research
76
D.24-D. 294
GRAVITY MEASUREMENT
D.24-D.143
PENDULUM SWINGS/GRAVITY DETERMINATIONS, 1924-53
This was one of the principal activities of the Cambridge Department in its early
days, ‘largely because the Department possessed some pendulums' as Bullard character-
istically put it later (A.7).
Although he joined the staff only in 1931, the earliest
records date from 1924 and were all kept in long-hand by Lenox-Conyngham andhis
assistants.
They thus form an interesting contrast with the more sophisticated methods
of automatic recording and more sensitive instrumentation to which Bullard himself
contributed, using the talents of Leslie Flavill, the Departmental technician whom he
valued highly.
See, e.g. D.72, D.83, D.84.
The material is presented chronologically as far as possible; the ‘African Gravity
Campaign’ for which Bullard was directly responsible has been treated as a separate
entity at D.144-D.294.
Although the early folders at D.24-D.33 contain work done
by others before Bullard joined the Department, the folders themselves and the des-
criptions of contents are his.
The sequence of folders is broken at D.34-D.38 to
include Bullard's own laboratory and field notebooks, and resumes at D.39 with his
folders of observations, correspondence and other research material.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
Research
77
D.24
"Pendulum Observations, 1924-25'
Miscellaneous tables of observations, calculations, etc., mainly
20 May-1 June, and October 1925, all ms. in the hands of
G.P. Lenox-Conyngham and G. Manley.
Included here is ms. 'Résumé of Work at the Pendulum House,
Cambridge, November 1924-March 1925', 15pp., no author,
and a letter to Lenox-Conyngham, February 1926, reporting
'gravity determinations made by our engineer Dr. F.A. Vening
Meinesz'.
D.25
‘Lawes (sic) Temp. & Press. Coeffts.'
Notes, calculations, bundles of observations, almost all by
J.B. Laws, but with some notes by G.P. Lenox-Conyngham;
related mainly to adjustments to pendulums and to thermal
coefficients.
Includes report by Laws on 'Final adjustment of lengths of
Danish Pendulums', September 1926.
Observations run various dates, June-September 1926.
D.26-D.28
Miscellaneous bundles of observations at Cambridge, Ordnance
Survey Southampton and other stations, almost all made by
J.B. Laws but with some additions and corrections by Lenox-
Conyngham, August-September 1926.
Similar to above, but received as loose bundles. Now in three
folders.
D.29
"Laws obns. 1926'
Includes 'Report on the Relative Determinations of Gravity
during August and September 1926' by Laws, with maps and
notes by Lenox-Conyngham, and ‘Recalculation of Lawes' (sic)
Results ...' by Bullard, n.d.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
78
D.30
'Col. Crasters Obns. 1926'
Research
Folder containing 'Report on Adjustment of period of
Oscillation of Pendulums Oct. to Dec. 1926', by Craster.
D.31
'Pesonen 1926-29!
Notes, calculations, chart of observations 1926-29 for brass
and invar pendulums, in Bullard's hand (presumably a copy
of earlier data).
D.32
"Jolly and McCaw 1927'
Folder referring to work by G.T. McCaw, Geographical
Section, War Office, and H.L.P. Jolly, Ordnance Survey.
Includes report 'Gravity Determinations in 1927',
with ms. corrections by Jolly and Lenox-Conyngham, report
on 'Gravity Observations 1927', l4pp. by Jolly and McCaw,
miscellaneous tables cind notes by Jolly, Ip. ‘Summary of
1927 Obsns.' by Bullard.
5 pp. draft
D.33
'Willis & Jolly 1930!
Referring to collaborative work on gravity determination with
H.L.P. Jolly (Ordnance Survey) and J.C.T. Willis
(Geographical Section, War Office).
Includes draft report, notes on loan of Cambridge Pendulum,
maps, tables, etc., some by Lenox-Conyngham, and corres-
pondence, April 1930-March 1931, between Lenox-Conyngham,
collaborators and other colleagues re project.
D.34-D. 38
Five notebooks of observations and calculations, of Cambridge
and other stations, all inscribed with Bullard's name and address
and numbered 1-5 as follows:
D.34
D.35
Notebook No.1,
6 July 1931-12 February 1932
Notebook No.2,
17 March ~ 8 August 1932
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
79
D.36
D.37
D.38
Research
Book 3
8 August - 13 December 1932
Book No.4
24 January 1933-12 July 1935
Book No.5
16 July 1935-11 August 1937
These books are occasionally referred to in the notes and
corresporidence.
D3?
"Pendulum Observations 1931'
Tables, graphs, calculations, etc. almost all by H.L.P. Jolly
1931 (with a few notes 1932), J.C.T. Wiilis and Bullard, at
various stations.
Includes correspondence, 1931, all addressed to Lenox-
Conyrgham, from Willis and Bullard, re progress of research.
Correspondence for September refers to damage sustained by
pendulums, referred to in Annual Report for 1932 included
in B.4.
D.40
"Pendulum Observations 1932'
Tables, graphs, calculations by Jolly and Bullard, almost
all 1932 but a few 1931.
Includes letter to Lenox-Conyngham from Director General,
Ordnance Survey and a copy of his annual report describing
the history and progress of the collaborative research on
gravity pendulum apparatus.
D.4]
'E.C.B. Report 1931-32!
‘Report on pendulum observations September 1931 to February
1932 by E.C. Bullard’
18pp. draft + 6 tables (2 copies).
Ms. drawings and figures.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
80
Research
D.42
'E.C.B.
Press. & Temp. Coeffs.
1931-32'
Folder of ms. tables and calculations.
D.43
'Royston etc. 1932'
Ms. records and calculations, all by Bullard, taken at
Pendulum House and various sites in Cambridge district,
various dates, October-November 1932.
D.44
"Magnetic & cooling measurements.
E.C.B. 1932-33'
Miscellaneous ms. graphs, charts, calculations.
D.45
'Willis'
Folder of miscellaneous shorter correspondence between
Bullard and Willis, re pendulum swings, 1931, 1933.
Bullard's letter 5 October 1933 (written during his voyage
to Africa) describes his discovery of rust in the invar
pendulums.
See Annual Report 1933-34 in B.4.
Included here is an unsigned letter to 'Dr. Wood', May 1941,
about development of research methods.
D.46
'Jolly'
General correspondence about gravity determination research,
with H.L.P. Jolly, 1932-36, and with M. Hotine, 1935-36
(both of Ordnance Survey).
Includes (incomplete) ms. historical note by Jolly on ' Gravity
in the British Isles’.
D.47
'Kater's results’
Ms. calculations, and Bullard's copy of a letter to Jolly on
subject, July 1933.
folder by Bullard.
Referred to in D.46 but kept in separate
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
81
D.48
'Temp. coeffts.
Jan. 1933'
Research
Tables, charts, calculations, all by Bullard. Some pages
annotated 'Record measured upside down’.
There is a note on the folder 'see also notebook 4' (D.37).
D.49
'Temp. & press. coeffts. of quartz pendulum 1933'
Tables, graphs, calculations, mainly comparing quartz and
invar pendulums.
D.50
'Aneroids'
Certificates of comparison for various instruments, annotated
by Bullard, 1933-36.
D.51
'Red Sea'
Tables and notes of 'Comparison of various observers in Red
Sea', by Bullard, n.d. but kept in the sequence.
D.52
‘Pendulum Observations 1933'
Bulky folder of tables, charts, calculations, etc., almost all
by Bullard but some by Jolly.
Includes some material 1932 and 1934 as well as 1933.
Includes extensive observations at various stations in N. Wales
by Bullard, March-April, and a 'check' for July-August
swings dated 'Bay of Biscay October 1933' (when Bullard was
en route to Africa).
D.53
'8-hr. swings Mar.-Aug. 1933'
Data sheets for Pendulum House, April and June only.
D.54
8-hour swings Southampton, June 1933
Observations, calculations (not all by Bullard).
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
82
Research
D.55
8-hour swings, various dates and stations, June-August 1933.
Observations, calculations (not all by Bullard).
8-hour swings, Southampton, July 1933.
Observations, calculations (not all by Bullard).
'8-hr. swings Oct. 1933'
Observations, calculations for Pendulum House, Cambridge.
‘Cambridge 1'
Observations, calculations, October 1933, at Pendulum House,
mainly comparison of quartz and invar pendulums.
Bullard.
All by
'8-hr. swings Nov.-Dec. 1933'
Observations, calculations, at Pendulum House (not all by
Bullard).
'8 hr. swings Jan.-Feb. 1934'
Observations, calculations at Pendulum House. Not all by
Bullard, but annotated and corrected by him.
'8 hr. swings Mar-Apr. 1934!
Similar material.
'8 hr swings May-June 1934!
Similar material.
'8 hr. swings June-July 1934!
Similar material (includes 1p. observations for August).
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
D.64
"Hunstanton'
Research
Observations, calculations, June 1934.
83
D.65
"Cambridge 2'
Similar material, and tabulated results. Mainly May-June
1934.
D.66
'8 hr swings July 1934'
Observations, calculations at Pendulum House.
by Bullard.
Some by D.F. Munsey.
Notall
D.67
‘Cambridge Oct. 1934'
Similar material, almost all by Bullard.
D.68
'8 hr swings Oct.-Dec. 1934'
Similar material, almost all by Bullard.
D.69
'Temp. coeffts. & summary 1934'
Calculations, tabulated summary of temperature coefficient
data, 1926-34.
D.70
'Tables'
Folder of calculations, notes, tabulations, all by Bullard,
mainly re temperature and density corrections of quartz and
invar pendulums, n.d., kept with above.
Some perhaps
relating to later work with B.C. Browne, D.86-D.88.
Includes note of 'pendulum taken to Africa’ and 'List of
apparatus required at field station’.
D.71
Correspondence, 1934, with National Physical Laboratory re
possible collaboration in gravity project.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
D772
"Design of Quartz Pend.’
Research
84
Folder of notes, drafts and drawings of various dates.
Includes: Note of 'Proposed alterations to quartz pendulums'
July 1934, with additional notes by Lenox-
Conyngham.
3 bundles of draft 'Design of Quartz Pendulum'
paginated 1-12, 13-16, 17-22.
2 unpaginated bundles of calculations.
Note on 'South African Pendulum', August 1935.
Blueprints for 'Quartz Pendulum', by L.H. Flavill.
D.73
"Quartz Balance’
Miscellaneous calculations, n.d., but kept with above as
separate folder.
D.74
Correspondence, 1935, re proposed 'magnetic survey of the
oceans' and equipment for gravity measurements, with
G. Norgaard.
See also D.89.
D.75
‘Cambridge Aug. 1935'
Observations, calculations, all by Bullard or checked by him.
D.76
"Southampton Aug. 1935'
Similar material.
D.77
'WESTON COLVILLE’
Similar material, September 1935.
D.78
‘Cambridge Sept. 1935'
Similar material, all by Bullard.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
D.79
'8 hr swings 1935'
Research
85
Observations, calculations, tables, all by Bullard, various
dates, August-December 1935.
D.80
'Lincolnshire'
Observations, calculations, not all by Bullard, July,
September 1936.
Note:
Folders labelled 'Cambridge Sept. 1935', 'Cambridge July
1936 (Base Southampton)' and 'Cambridge July 1936 Base
Downing Place', found empty in the sequence, are included
at D.143.
D.81
'8 hr Swings 1936'
Observations, calculations, mainly for Southampton and
Cambridge, various dates 1936.
Includes 1p. ‘Summary
of 8hr swings made at Cambridge Oct. 1934'.
D.82, D.83
'O.S. Summaries’
Contents of bulky folder so described.
D.82
Correspondence and reports re 6th General Assembly, Inter-
national Union of Geodesy and Geophysics, Edinburgh 1936.
Includes correspondence with H.L.P. Jolly re meeting and
Bullard's contributions, maps, tables and reports on gravity
anomalies prepared by Bullard.
(In original folder.)
D.83
Earlier reports on gravity measurements, kept by Bullard with
Several
above and perhaps assembled by him for 1936 report.
refer favourably to his improved methods of measurement and
recommendtheir wider use.
Includes: N.P.L. Report 1927
Summary of gravity determinations 1928
Ordnance Survey Geodetic Work 1927-30 (incomplete)
Continued
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
86
D.83 (Cont'd.)
Ordnance Survey Pendulum Work 1927-33
Research
List of Gravity Stations in Britain, by Jolly, n.d.
Report on Gravity by J.C.T. Willis, c.1933-34
Present Position of Gravity Survey of Africa,
October 1935
D.84
'Thermal Syndicate’ (Firm of quartz manufacturers. )
Correspondence with the firm re design and supply of quartz
pendulums and other apparatus; includes various sketches
for equipment by Bullard.
Various dates, 1932-38.
D.85
'Metro-Vic' (Metropolitan-Vickers Electrical Co. Ltd.)
Correspondence with the firm re apparatus. Oneletter 1933,
but mainly 1936.
D.86-D.88
Three folders of observations, calculations, notes, drafts, etc.,
mainly on the comparison and standardisation of pendulums.
Much ofthe work is in the hand of B.C. Browne, who joined
the Department as Demonstrator in Geodesy in Michaelmas
Term 1936, replacing Bullard on the latter's election to the
Smithson Research Fellowship of the Royal Society. See A.53.
B.86
'Az, B7 and C7'
Observations, calculations, notes and drafts, on standardisation
and correction of pendulums, various dates, 1937.
D.87
'A7, B7 and C7 Pressure Coeffs.'
Similar material, various dates, 1937.
D.88
'A7, B7 and C7 Temp. Coeffs.'
Similar material, various dates, 1937.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
87
D.89
"Norgaard'
Research
‘Static Gravity-meter', by G. Norgaard. 7 pp. report, rivdsy
c.1935-36
Miscellaneous observations, 1936, letter to Lenox-Conyngham
re Browne's work on pendulums, 1937.
D.90, D.91
"Standardisation of Quartz Pendulums'
Contents of bulky folder so labelled (in the hand of B.C. Browne).
This refers mainly to a quartz pendulum apparatus made for
the University of Cape Town; the pendulums were standardised
by B.C. Browne at the National Gravity Station at Greenwich.
See the Annual Report for 1938 in B.4.
D.90
Observations, calculations, notes of operating procedure, etc.,
various dates, November 1936-August 1937 (in the hands of
Browne and Bullard).
D.91
Material relating to despatch of apparatus to Cape Town.
Includes ms. and typescript versions of descriptions of
apparatus and instructions for its use (by Browne, heavily
revised by Bullard), with letter and summary of standardisation
procedure, December 1937.
Also included are ms. lists of apparatus, and valuation for
shipping.
D.92
List of apparatus taken to South Australia by C. Kerr- Grant
in order to make gravity determinations.
With ms. note by Bullard at head, and signed at end by Kerr-
Grant, 10 June 1937.
“See Annual Report 1938 in B.4.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
D.93
'8 hr Swings 1937'
Research
88
Observations, calculations, summary, all by Bullard,
various dates 1937.
Note:
A folder also labelled '8 hr. Swings 1937', found empty
in the sequence, is included at D.143.
D.94
'8 hour Swings at Downing Place Dec.-Jan. 1938-39'
Folder (not by Bullard, some by Browne) of observations,
calculations, summary of work on pendulum standardisation
by Browne dated October 1939.
Includes letter, 1949, from Browne to C. Kerr-Grant re
his pendulum observations in Australia in 1938.
J.70.
See D.92,
D.95
'8 hour Swings. Pendulum House. Dec, -Jan. 1938-39!
Similar material, mainly by Browne, on standardisation
of pendulums for Dehra Dun, India.
D.96
'8 hour Swings. Pendulum House.
July 1939"
Similar material.
D.97
"Gravity Summary 19.36-39'
Notes, tables, measurements for submission to 'Gravity on
land' section of 7th General Assembly, International Union
Geodesy and Geophysics, Washington, September 1939.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
D.98
D.99-D.103
89
Research
Correspondence and papers, 1939, with National Physical
Laboratory, re Bullard's visit to Washington Conference in
September, and standardisation of pendulums at Department
of Geodesy, National Physical Laboratory and National
Bureau of Standards, and other matters on gravity determinations.
Includes miscellaneous comparative data by Bullard on pendulums
at NPLand NBS, various dates, July-October 1939.
Also included is one letter from NPL, 1938.
Work on testing and standardising of apparatus and set of
pendulums for University of Buenos Aires.
|The work was
done in 1942 (D.99) much of it by Lenox-Conyngham himself
with Bullard guiding the procedure and working out the results.
The pendulums were re-swung in 1945 (D.100) and further
testing took place in Cambridge in 1947 (D.101).
pondence, etc. continues to 1949.
Corres-
The pendulums are referred to in the data as 8A / B/C to
denote the eighth set made by the Cambridge Instrument
Company.
D.99
'8 hr Swings 8 ABC June-Aug. 1942'
Extensive folder of observations, calculations, etc., almost
all by Bullard or Lenox-Coynyngham. Includes Bullard's
ms. instructions for conducting the observations, and a letter
from Lenox- Conyngham onhis difficulties with them.
D.100
'Aug.-Sept.1945 8 ABC. Argentine Pendulums'
Extensive folder of similar material; calculations all by
Bullard.
D.101
'| A,B,C &8A,B,C in Argentine’ 1947
Extensive folder of similar material, April-May 1947.
D.102
Correspondence re pendulums and variations of gravity at
Cambridge and Buenos Aires, 1948, 1949.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
90
Research
D.103
"Normal Continuous Argentine Pendulums 1949'
Observations, calculations, not by Bullard, various dates,
June-July 1949.
D.104
‘Cambridge (opening swings for New Zealand work)!
This refers to the standardisation of a set of pendulums sent
to D.S.1.R., New Zealand, for a gravity survey, and a
quartz clock which wasalso sent.
Observations, calculations, mostly by Bullard, some by
R.1.B. Cooper, various dates, April-May 1947, with ms.
note 'sent to N.Z. 11/2/48'.
D.105-D.107
‘Theoretical Gravity Problems’
Contents of a bulky folder so inscribed (by R.1.B. Cooper)
relating to research and joint paper with Bullard 'Determination
of the masses necessary to produce a given gravitational field’
Proc. R. Soc., A, 194 (Bibliog. 1948c).
D.105
Typescript and ms. draft for paper, heavily revised by Bullard.
D.106
D.107
Correspondence and research notes, 1947-48, from collaborator,
and from G. Kreisel who had originally been a joint author
but whose work was published as a separate paper (1947).
Extensive notes, graphs, calculations, all by Bullard.
original folder.
In
D.108
‘South Africa 1948'
Observations, calculations, etc. standardising pendulum
swings at Cambridge and Witwatersrand. All by R.I.B.
Cooper.
Includes letter re gravity survey in South Africa, 1948.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
91
D.109
'Gravity Survey of the British Isles’
Research_
6pp. duplicated typescript note by Bullard 'prepared for
consideration by the Sub-Committee on English gravity
recently appointed by the National Committee for Geodesy’.
n.d. but probably March 1948.
for Ireland and Scotland; see D.110-D.127 for the imple-
mentation of the research.
Recommendsfuller coverage
Correspondence (only) re paper by Cook and Thirlaway on
‘Recent observations of Gravity in Wales and the Borders',
1948.
D.110-D.127
Observations and calculations for gravity survey of Britain,
for various stations in Ireland, Scotland and England,
standardised at Pendulum House, Cambridge.
The work was done in 1949, when Bullard was at Toronto;
the material is therefore not in his hand, but forms part of
the gravity survey project and of the work of the Cambridge
Department.
Ireland
D.110
Dublin pendulums
March-April 1949
D.111
Sligo pendulums
D.112
Cork pendulums
Galway pendulums
D.113
D.114
March 1949
April 1949
March 1949
Post-Eire (standardising at Cambridge)
April 1949
D115
Eire 1949 (‘pre-Eirean swings' at Cambridge)
March 1949
D.116
Ireland 1949.
Tabulated results for various
stations, standardised with Cambridge.
Includes letter, May 1949.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
England
D.117
York
D.118
Newcastle
92
July 1949
July 1949
D.119
Cambridge (base swings before York and
Newcastle)
July 1949
D.120
Cambridge (base swings after York, Newcastle
and Edinburgh)
August 1949
Scotland
D.121
Edinburgh
D.122
Edinburgh
D.123
Aberdeen
July 1949
September 1949
September 1949
D.124
Cambridge (base swings)
September 1949
D.125
Cambridge (base swings)
October 1949
D.126
Edinburgh and Aberdeen.
Various tables of
results and drafts for paper.
Australia
D.127
Folder of base swings standardised at Cambridge
for similar work on Australian Survey
November 1949
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
93
D.128-D.141
Continuing work on Gravity Survey, 1951
Research
Envelopes and folders of observations and calculations
made at Pendulum House, Cambridge, and for other
base stations as specified.
D.128-D.132
Five envelopes, National Physical Laboratory as follows:
D.128
24, 25 June
D.129
2, 3, 5 July
D.130
18, 19, 20 July
D.131
7, 8, 9 August
D.132
10, 11 September
D.133
Southampton Ordnance Survey, 28, 29 June
D.134
D.135
Bureau International de Poids et Mesures, Sevres, 12, 13 July
Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Brunschweig, 25, 26 July
D.136
Bad Harzburg, 29, 30 July
D.137
Cambridge Pendulum House, June
D.138
Cambridge Pendulum House, August
D.139
D.140
D.141
Cambridge Pendulum House, 5-7 September
Cambridge Pendulum House, 17-24 September
Cambridge Pendulum House, 24 October-2 November
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
D142
D.143
94
Research
Brief correspondence and chart of gravity data for S.W.
Asiatic Russia, 1953.
Empty folders originally containing pendulum data,
various dates, 1935-37.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
95
Research
D.144-D.294
AFRICAN GRAVITY CAMPAIGN, 1933-36, 1956
This research, though related to the general work on gravity determinations con-
ducted at the Department, was Bullard's first major expedition and its published results
(Bibliog. 1935, and especially the long paper in Proc. Roy. Soc.
Bibliog. 1936a)
aroused widespread interest.
Characteristically, Bullard himself later referred to the
work as 'what now seems a wholly erroneous interpretation of the origin of the rift
valleys’.
The expedition was funded from various sources, including Cambridge University,
the Royal Society and the Royal Geographical Society; Bullard also held a research
fellowship from the Leverhulme Trust.
He left Britain on 21 October 1933 and returned
on 16 May 1934, having visited 57 stations, some more than once, situated in the then
territories of Kenya, Uganda, Sudan, Belgian Congo and Tanganyika.
An additional
observation (no.58 in the sequence, now at D.224) was made in Cape Town on the
journey home. Bullard was accompanied on the trip by his wife Margaret (Tom) who
helped with some of the observations and record-keeping.
In addition to the gravity measurements which were the main research purpose
of the 1933-34 expedition, Bullard also carried out observations at 14 stations on the
secular variation of terrestrial magnetism.
See especially the correspondence with
the Carnegie Institution of Washington on the loan of equipment and the organisation
of the work (D.146) and Bullard's journals, notes and observations (D.275 seq.)
See also letter from S. Chapman in D.151.
Before leaving Africa, Bullard discussed the possibility of continuing work on
gravity determinations, to be undertaken by officers of the Survey Department of
Tanganyika.
The designated officer, W. Horsfield, visited Cambridge in 1934 to
study the measurement technique and, using the Cambridge field-apparatus, carried
out observations at 36 stations during 1935-36.
A collaborative paper ' Gravity
Measurements in Tanganyika Territory' appeared in 1937 (Bibliog. 1937a). Many of
the observations and data-sheets at D.225-D.270 are signed orinitialled by Horsfield
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
96
Research
or his assistant, R.N. Lissett, though all the reductions for topography and compensation
were done in Cambridge by Bullard.
D.294 is later (1956) correspondence on gravity measurements in East Africa.
The material is presented as follows:
D.144-D.157
Organisation and funding of expedition, 1933-34
D.158-D.224
East African Station records (1-58), 1933-34
D.225-D.270
Tanganyikan Station records (1-36), 1935-36
D.271-D.293
Journals, calculations, writings
D.294
Correspondence, 1956
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
97
D.144-D.157
Organisation and funding, 1933-35
Research
D.144
"Leverhulme'
D.145
D.146
Application for Research Fellowship, and correspondence
arising, 1933, and one letter 1935.
Application to Royal Society for grant for expedition;
submitted by Lenox-Conyngham but drafted by Bullard.
Correspondence with Department of Terrestrial Magnetism,
Carnegie Institution of Washington, 1933-34, 1937-38.
Correspondence 1933-34 deals with the loan to Bullard of
a 'field-outfit' to enable him to conduct magnetic measure-
ments in addition to the gravity observations.
It includes
detailed recommendations from the Institution for research
on secular variations, operational instructions, etc.
Correspondence 1937-38 deals with Bullard's report, return
of the 'cahiers' (see also D.276-D.281) and also refers to
his seismic work at sea with R.M. Field (see also D.342-D.351).
Includes a copy of the Carnegie Institution's ‘General
Directions for magnetic observations ...', 1924.
D.147
'Kohlschutter'
Correspondence 1933-34 with Kohlschutter, who had made a
similar expedition in 1899, about sites, loan of maps, etc.
Correspondence 1934 refers to Kohlschutter's visit to Britain
and meeting with Bullard and Lenox-Conyngham.
Bullard visited several of Kohlschutter's sites and repeated
his observations. The similarity of the results was considered
very satisfactory and was commented upon in the published
papers (see D.291).
See also D.157, D. 289.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
98
D.148
D.149
D.150
D.151
Research
Correspondence with colleagues re equipment and information
for observations in Africa, 1933-34.
Correspondence with suppliers of scientific instruments.
Cooke, Troughton & Simms, re pendulums, 1933-34.
Cambridge Instrument Company, re coil magnetometer, 1933-34.
Correspondence with Governmentofficials in Africa re
arrangements, transport, laisser-passer, 1933-34.
Correspondence with colleagues re research plans, information
on local conditions, etc., 1933.
Includes letter from S. Chapman to Lenox-Conyngham on
Bullard's proposed work on magnetic variation.
D.152
Correspondence, 1934, re additional gravity observation
made at Cape Town on return journey (see D.224).
D.153
Miscellaneous notes by Bullard.
Includes 'Notes on matters connected with the E. African
Expedition.
c.1934; 'Summary of rock densities’ (for magnetism work);
ms. notes of various gravity sites.
Oct. 1933'; 'Notes on Quartz Pendulums'
D.154, D.155
Correspondence with Lenox-Conyngham.
An extensive sequence of letters and cables exchanged every
few days during trip, with scientific and a little personal news.
21 September-29 December 1933 (in original folder).
D.155
4 January-2 April 1934.
See D.274 for Lenox-Conyngham's laboratory notebook for
the expedition.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
99
Research
D156
Correspondence re maps and plansof sites of observations
in Africa, 1934.
D.157
Correspondence arising from visit.
Letter from H. G. Lyons congratulating Bullard and his
wife on ‘a really great performance’ in obtaining data, 1934.
Letters from B. Willis about his own work in E. Africa and
on Kohlschutter's results, 1935.
D.158-D.224
East African Station Records (1-58)
This sequence: of folders retains Bullard's original order.
Each contains, unless
otherwise stated, photographic observations, dated and timed and with ms. annotations;
ms. records of pendulum used; standardisation with Cambridge base, etc. The records
are in the hands of Bullard and Margaret Bullard, usually checking each other's work.
Some have additional information describing the observation site, conditions of work
or other relevant circumstances.
Additional notes, calculations, maps, etc. relating to this work are at D. 271
seq.
D.158
D.159
D.160
D.161
D.162
D.163
"Mombasa No. 1'
18-19 November 1933
"Mombasa No.1 Second visit’
17-19 March 1934
"Nairobi I. No.2"
23-25 November 1933
"Nairobi Il. No.2’
19-21 December 1933
"Nairobi No.2'
3rd visit
1-4 March 1934
"Limuru No.3'
27 November 1933
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
100
Research
'Kijabe No.4!
28 November 1933
"Naivasha No.5'
29 November-2 December 1933
"Naivasha No.5" (2nd visit)
28 February 1934
'Gilgil No.6!
4-5 December 1933
"Nakaru No.7'
5-6 December 1933
'Nakaru No.7 (2nd visit)"
27-28 February 1934
"Eldama Ravine No.8'
7 December 1933
"Marigat No.9'
8 December 1933
'Kampi-Ya-Moto No.10'
9 December 1933
‘Thomson's Falls No.11'
11 December 1933
"Nanyuki No. 12'
13-16 December 1933
"Nyeri No.13'
16 December 1933
"Fort Hall No.14'
18 December 1933
"Equator No.15'
23-24 December 1933
‘Equator No.15 (2nd visit)!
26 February 1934
"Kisumu No.16'
27-28 December 1933
D.165
D.166
D.167
D.168
D.169
D.170
D.171
D.172
D.173
D.174
D.175
D.176
D.178
D.179
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
101
D.180
D.18]
D.182
D.183
D.185
D.186
D.187
D.188
D.189
D.190
D.191
D.192
D.198
D.194
Research
‘Kisumu No.16 (2nd visit)'
23 February 1934
"Eldoret No.17'
1-2 January 1934
‘Tororo No.18'
3-5 January 1934
‘Jinja No.19 First Visit’
6 January 1934
‘Jinja (Second Visit)!
11-14 January 1934
‘Jinja No.19 Third Visit'
20-21 February 1934
"Kampala No. 20'
7-9 January 1934
'Mbale No. 21'
15-16 January 1934
'Soroti No. 22'
17 January 1934
Includes a later note by Bullard on
corrected measurements used for this
station in published paper.
"Lira No.23'
18-19 January 1934
'Kitgum No. 24!
19 January 1934
"Torit No. 25'
20 January 1934
"Juba No. 26'
22-23 January 1934
"Aba No.27'
24-25 January 1934
"Bai Nzoro No.28'
25-26 January 1934
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
102
Research
D.195
'Maie No. 29'
26-27 January 1934
With extensive comparative calculations
by Bullard.
D.196
D.197
D.198
D.199
D.200
D.201
D202
D.203
D.204
D.205
D.206
D.207
D.208
D.209
'Nioka No. 30'
27-28 January 1934
"Bogoro No.31'
29-31 January 1934
'Kasenyi No. 32!
30-31 January 1934
"Irumu No. 33'
31 January-1 February 1934
'Butembo No. 34'
1-2 February 1934
'Kisolo No. 35'
7-8 February 1934
'Kabale No.36'
8 February 1934
'Lwashamaire No. 37'
9-10 February 1934
'Kichwamba No. 38'
10-11 February 1934
'Kikorongo No.39'
12-13 February 1934
'Fort Portal No.40'
13-14 February 1934
'Kabwoya No.4]!
15 February 1934
'Butiaba No.42'
16 February 1934
"Hoima No.43'
17 February 1934
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
103
D.210
D.211
D.212
D.213
D.214
D.215
D.216
D.217
D.218
D.219
D.220
D.221
D.222
D.223
D.224
Research
"Mumias No.44!'
22-23 February 1934
'Kitale No.45'
24 February 1934
"Magadi No.46'
5-6 March 1934
'Kajiado No.47'
6-7 March 1934
"Ngorongoro No.48'
8 March 1934
"Arusha No.49'
9-10 March 1934
"Moshi No. 50'
10-11 March 1934
15-16 March 1934
‘Voi No.51'
16 March 1934
'Kilifi No. 52'
20-21 March 1934
"Malindi No. 53'
21 March 1934
"Kwale No. 54'
23 March 1934
"Tanga No. 55'
24-25 March 1934
‘Pangani No. 56'
26 March 1934
"Dar-es-Salaam No.57'
3 April 1934
'Cape Town No. 58'
22 April 1934
This was the additional observation taken
during the return journey.
arranging visit at D.152.
See correspondence
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
104
Research
D..225-D: 270
Tanganyikan Station Records (1-36)
This sequence also preserves Bullard's original folders and arrangement. The
material is similar, though the base stations vary and include Rugby, Southampton
The field data are usually signed W. Horsfield or R.N. Lissett, but
and Bordeaux.
all the folders include checking, corrections and additional calculations by Bullard.
The stations are not numbered as in the 1933-34 sequence: they are in chrono-
logical order of date of observation.
D.269, D.270 are additional material relating to the work, also by Horsfield
and Lissett.
D.225
D.226
D.227
D.228
D.229
D.230
D.231
D.232
D.233
D.234
'Singida'
'Mgori’
'Sela'
24 January 1935
25 January 1935
24 February 1935
'Chokaa'
4 March 1935
"Mbuyuni'
'Myamya'
6 March 1935
8 March 1935
‘Dodoma Base'
11 March 1935
'Dodoma'
12 March 1935
'Chibwangula'
13 March 1935
'Kilosa’
15 March 1935
D.235
"Ruvu'
18 March 1935
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
105
Research
D. 236
"Dar-es-Salaam Ist Visit'
20-21 March 1935
25 March 1935
D.237
D.238
D239
D.240
D.241
D.242
D.243
"Dar-es-Salaam 2nd Visit'
24-26 June 1935
"Bahi'
'Itigi!
'Tura'
27 March 1935
29 March 1935
1 April 1935
"Goweko'
5 April 1935
'Kaliwa'
"Uvinza'
8-9 April 1935
12 April 1935
"Kazuramimba'
17 April 1935
D.245
'Kingwempimpi'
D.246
D.247
D.248
D.249
D.250
30 April 1935
2 May 1935
3-4 May 1935
6-7 May 1935
"Ruaha Bridge’
'Iringa'
"Nyamapara'
8-9 May 1935
Includes a note by Bullard on discrepant figure
in published paper.
'Trig. Pt. 182'
"Itewe'
11 May 1935
14 May 1935
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
106
Research
D.251
D.252
D.253
D.255
D256
D.258
D.259
D.260
D.261
D.262
"Iwungu'
'Kipembawe'
'Mbogo'
"Kitunda'
'Shinyanga'
"Mwanza'
16-17 May 1935
20 May 1935
21 May 1935
22 May 1935
25-27 May 1935
28-29 May 1935
'Mafia'
13 June 1935
"Kilwa Kiswani'
15 June 1935
"Mikindani'
17 June 1935
'Lindi'
18 June 1935
"Kilwa Kivinji'
20 June 1935
"Khartoum Ist Visit'
16-18 December 1935
15 February 1936
D.263
"Musmar'
20-22 February 1936
'Haiya'
'Sinkat'
'Suakin'
D.265
D.266
24-25 February 1936
27-28 February 1936
2-4 March 1936
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
107
Research
D.267
"Khartoum 2nd Visit'
11-12 March 1936
10-11 May
1936
D.268
"Unreadable records'
Miscellaneous readings 1,15 February 1935, 16 March 1936
for stations Morogoro, Babati, Wembe.
D.269
Large folder of 'Latitude and Barometer Heights of Pendulum
Stations’.
Observations made at various stations, some dated April,
May 1935, in the hands of W. Horsfield and R.N. Lissett
of the Tanganyika Territory Survey Department.
D.270
Purple ledger-type book, inscribed ‘Pendulum Observations' .
Similar material, by Lissett and another, various dates,
April-June 1935.
D.271-D.293
Journals, calculations, writings
D.27]
Softbacked notebook labelled 'African Gravity Campaign
1933-34', paginated 1-155 and kept in the hands of Bullard
and Margaret Bullard.
Entries run 18 November 1933-26 February 1934 and include
detailed accounts of observations, descriptions and maps
of stations numbered 1-56.
D.272
Small pocket diary for 1934, with diary entries, calculations,
mileage covered, etc., to 1 April.
All in Bullard's hand.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
108
Research
D.273
Large blue account book, labelled 'African Gravity
Accounts’.
Detailed account of all expenditure incurred before, during
and after journey to Africa.
31 July 1934, with a final statement of account at end of
trip.
Entries run 26 July 1933-
This is in many respects one of the most interesting items
in the collection, documenting expenses in meticulous
detail for personal living, travel, equipment, wages for
'boys', sums 'lost through hole in pocket', etc.
D.274
'Diary of Pendulum Observations at Cambridge, November 1933'
This is a small format notebook, all in the hand of Lenox-
Conyngham. Entries run 17 November 1933-22 April 1934
and deal primarily with 'records intended for comparison with
those made in Africa’.
e.g. 29 November 'Vening Meinesz visited the Pendulum
House’, 12 March 'Cable received from Bullard "climbing
Kilimanjaro"'.
Occasional other entries are made,
D.275-D.281
‘Coil magnetometer'
Contents of a bulky folder so inscribed, dealing with
Bullard's research on terrestrial magnetism conducted at the
same time as the gravity observations and with equipment
provided by the Carnegie Institution of Washington (see D.146).
Items D.276-D.280 are 'Observer's Cahiers' of the Carnegie
Institution, completed by Bullard for five stations only.
D.281 is a bundle of observations, descriptions and notes
for various stations not distributed into 'Cahiers'.
D.275
Miscellaneous ms. notes and calculations, on results, comparison
of various equipment, 'Test on Ordnance Survey coil magneto-
meter after return from Africa’, etc., various dates, December
1933-July 1934.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
109
Research
D.276
Carnegie Institution Observer's Cahier
no.1
D.277
D.278
D279
D.280
D.281
D.282
D. 283
D.284
no.2
no.3
no.4
no.18
Bundle of loose pages, similar to above, various dates,
November 1933-March 1934.
Tagged sequence of descriptions and summaries of work
at all magnetic stations, November 1933-March 1934.
Ip. 'Report on Magnetic Observations in E. Africa, 1933-34',
by Bullard.
Miscellaneous notes and charts for African stations.
In
original folder, inscribed 'Cambridge Aug. 1935' though
material does not correspond with title, and is similar to
D.285 below.
D.285
‘Attractions Zones'
Miscellaneous notes, diagrams and calculations, comparative
tables for East African stations, etc.
Bibliog. 1934.
Perhaps related to
D.286
'Atbara, Wadi Halfa, Abu Hamad, Meinesz Nos 12 & 13'
Tables and calculations.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
110
D.287
‘Uganda Geological Survey’
Research
Correspondence, 1934-37, re Bullard's research and
publications on 'Gravity Measurements in East Africa’.
D.288
Shorter correspondence, 1936, re Bullard's paper on gravity
measurements.
D.289
"Kohlschutter's Stations’
Extensive folder of tables and calculations, comparing
Bullard's observations and results with those of Kohlschutter's
expedition of 1899-1900.
D.290
"Hts. Congo Stations'
Tables and calculations.
D.. 27]
'The Structure of the African Rift Valleys’
Ms. and typescript draft for essay submitted for the Sedgwick
Prize, Cambridge, September 1936; the draft incorporates
sections from Bullard's previously published accounts
(Bibliog. 1935, 1936a).
D292
"Station Diags.'
Plans, drawings, etc. for papers.
D.293
D.294
Miscellaneous empty folders labelled for various African
stations, data presumably redistributed elsewhere.
Correspondence, 1956, with Department of Geological Survey,
Tanganyika, re their proposed resumption of gravity measure-
ments in East Africa.
There are various shorter items on gravity research in Africa,
requests for station maps, information, etc. in Section J.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
WI
D.295-D.351
EXPLOSION SEISMOLOGY
Research
This research originated as part of the work in applied seismology at the Depart-
ment of Geodesy and Geophysics in the mid 1930s. The earliest record of Bullard's
involvement dates from 1933 (D.295), but the bulk of the material deals with research
from 1935 onwards.
Seismic reflections of small explosive charges recorded on geophones constructed
for the purpose were used to measure the depth of the palaeozoic floor, mainly but not
exclusively in eastern England (D.301-D.332). Bullard's chief collaborators in this
work were C. Kerr-Grant and T.F. Gaskell; the major publication 'Seismic investiga-
tions on the Palaeozoic floor of east England' appeared in 1940 (Bibliog. 1940a).
The
experience thus gained of equipment and methods led to Bullard's being consulted by
several industrial firms with an interest in mining or subsidence (D.333-D.340), a con-
nection he frequently referred to in later plans for the postwar organisation and expansion
of the Cambridge Department (see esp. B.5-B.9).
What was more important, the work on explosion seismology on land, led to
Bullard's being invited to America in 1937 by R.M. Field (D.342) to see the progress
of seismic prospecting on the eastern edge of the continental shelf; this was the
occasionof his first meeting with Maurice Ewing.
Asa result, Bullard instigated
similar work in Britain to study the western side of the continental shelf.
Two expedi-
tions took place, in 1938 from H.M.S. Jason with the cooperation of the Navy,
and in 1939 using two Brixham trawlers crewed mainly by amateur yachtsmen.’
The
expeditions were of value in themselves in determining the depth of sedimentation of
the continental shelf and also as inaugurating marine geophysics in Britain.
The pre-
liminary stages and proposals for the project are documented at D.342-D.348; Bullard's
letter of July 1939 in D.348 refers to an additional short expedition in the trawler
Arthur Rogers in August 1939 to explore the deep ocean floor.
Of interest is the racy account of the 1939 trip by the skipper of one of the
trawlers, published in 1946 and retained at D.350 in a photocopy kindly made avail-
able by Dr. D.H. Matthews.
See also E.1.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
Research
112
The material is presented as follows:
Seismic work on land
Apparatus and equipment design
1933, 1935-39
D.295-D. 300
Seismic observations and data
1936-38
Consultancies
1937-39
D.301-D. 332
D.333-D. 340
Miscellaneous later material
1947-56
D.341
Seismic work at sea
1937-39, 1949
D.342-D.351
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
Seismic work on land
Research
ls
D.295-D. 300
Apparatus and equipment design
D275
Correspondence re purchase of explosives for planned
explosion test, 1933.
This refers to tests on a field seismograph belonging to
the Royal Geographical Society and intended for work on
thickness of ice in Polar regions, mentioned in the Annual
Report of the Cambridge Department for 1932-33 in B.4.
D.296
Drawings for 'Seismic Unit', signed and dated 'E.C.B.
7 vied".
D.297
'Tests of Seismograph Apparatus, 1935-36'
Black hardback notebook so inscribed, belonging to
C. Kerr-Grant (a research student of Clare College,
Cambridge, who joined the Department in July 1935
to work on applied seismology).
Record of various tests of calibration, sensitivity, etc. on
sites in Cambridge and East Anglia, almost all in the hand
of Kerr-Grant with an occasional note by Bullard.
Tests run 27 July 1935-8 September 1936, with an incomplete
entry for 25 January 1937.
D.298
Grey soft-backed notebook, inscribed with Bullard's name
and address and dated 'Dec. 7 1937'.
Entries are almost all in Bullard's hand, and relate to various
aspects of geophone testing.
The last dated entry is 17 July 1938.
Some entries are by T.F. Gaskell.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
D297
'Geophone Design'
Research
114
Bulky folder of graphs, calculations and narratives, related
to various aspects of geophone andto the tests recorded in
D.297, D.298, almost all in Bullard's hand and some bearing
various dates in 1936 and 1937.
Bullard's collaborative paper with C. Kerr-Grant 'The design
and testing of geophones and their amplifiers' (Bibliog. 1938b).
Probably related to
Includes several paginated sequences by Bullard, one on
'Hydrophone design’.
D.300
‘Calculations and lists'
Folder so inscribed but containing similar material to above,
calculations, graphs, narratives, almost all by Bullard but
some in the hands of T.F. Gaskell and C. Kerr-Grant.
Includes 'List of articles to be taken in van' for seismic survey,
dated 27 May 1937, and 5pp. typescript note on ‘Seismic
Workin Eastern England', n.d. witha ms. note ‘Paper pre-
pared by Gaskell for Lord Iveagh who had expressed interest
in the Lakenheath work'.
(See D.330.)
Probably related to collaborative paper ‘Seismic investigations
on the Palaeozoic floor of east England’ (Bibliog. 1940a).
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
115
Research
D.301-D.332
Seismic observations and data, 1936-38
This is a series of folders somewhat similar to those for the African Gravity
Campaign.
Each has the name of a location, mostly in Eastern England but some in
Cornwall and elsewhere.
The contents vary, but may include maps, diagrams and
descriptions of sites, calculations, narratives and drafts for a report or paper.
Most
of the work is in the hand of T.F. Gaskell though there are notes and comments by
Bullard in almost every folder.
The folders are less meticulously dated than those for Africa and the 'sequence’
is therefore presented in the order as received, with a note of any material of special
interest.
The folders record the project to measure the depth of the palaeozoic floor.
D.301
D.302
D.303
'Calvert'
'Tempsford'
some dated 5 August 1937
'Corby'
some dated February 1936, January
1937
Extensive folder, with many notes and calculations by
Bullard.
See also D.333.
D.304
‘Cornwall Dec. 1938'
Extensive folder by T.F. Gaskell, including Spp. note
on 'Seismic work in Devon and Cornwall December 1938',
and 'Story of the Cambridge Seismic Expedition which
wintered in the South West Peninsula during December 1938'
(journal, photographs, maps).
D.305
'Westmill'
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
116
D.306
D.307
D.308
D.309
D.310
D.311
D.312
D.313
D.314
D.315
D.316
D.317
D.318
D319
D.320
D.321
Research
'Arlesey'
'Pertenhall'
"Fen Stanton’
'Bassingbourn'
'Great Staughton'
some dated May, June 1938
"Meesden'
"Duck End'
some dated October 1937
‘Bow Brickhill'
"Leighton Bromswold'
some dated November 1937
‘Cambridge’
some dated March, April 1938
'Brockhall'
'‘Benefield'
some dated July 1937
Extensive folder of calculations and drafts.
"Feltwell'
'Bridgham'
"Great Oxendon'
'Castlethorp'
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
117
D.322
D.323
D.324
D.325
D.326
D.327
D.328
D.329
D.330
D.331
Research
'Saffron Walden'
'Kentford'
'Fulbourn'
some dated August 1936
"Swaffham Prior'
some dated May 1937
'Madingley'
‘Bourn’
'Charnwood'
'Culford'
Includes some comparative data.
"Lakenheath'
some dated March, April 1938
"Laxton'
some dated July 1937
Includes 3pp. ‘ms.
narrative by Gaskell.
D.332
"Upware'
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
D.333-D.340
Consultancies
Research
D.333
Stewarts and Lloyds Limited, 1937, 1945
118
Correspondence and papersre investigation by Bullard and
his collaborators of the palaeozoic floor beneath the company's
works at Corby.
Includes arrangements to conduct investiga-
tion and publish results with other seismic data, draft of
Bullard's 'Report on Seismic Work at Corby ...' anda ms.
draft additional explanatory letter, September 1937.
Also included is a later letter from Bullard about the work,
1945.
See also D.303.
D.334-D. 338
Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI), 1937-39
Bullard was consulted by the Company's Alkali division at
Northwich, Cheshire, on measuring the shape of cavities
full of brine.
He made a visit to Northwich to consider
the problem, returning later to carry out the required seismic
tests.
D.334
Correspondence with R. G. J. Fraser of ICI Alkali Limited,
re the consultancy problem, fees, visits to Northwich, etc.
Includes typescript and ms. draft of Bullard's report, anda
later letter, 1939.
D.335, D.336
Two reports by Bullard, as presented to the Company's Brine
and Water Supplies Executive Committee.
D.335
D .336
'Report on proposed method of measuring the shape of cavities
full of brine', May 1938.
'Report on test of seismic method of measuring brine cavities’,
September 1938.
D .337
ICI report on visit to Company's Winnington Works to discuss
work, September 1938.
E.C,. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
lI?
Research
D.338
Ms. notes, calculations, diagrams, some paginated by Bullard,
some in the hand of T.F. Gaskell, some dated August 1938.
D.339, D.340
"Scottish Iron and Steel Company', 1939
Correspondence and papers
relating to investigations into
the collapse of a chimney, undertaken by Bullard because
of his experience with small explosive charges, and using
his geophone.
D.339
Correspondence, calculations, drafts of T.F. Gaskell's
report, 1939.
D.340
Background papers and reports on subject, sent to Bullard.
D. 341
Miscellaneous later material on seismic work on land
Ip. circular letter by Bullard re large explosion at Heligoland,
1947.
'Proposed explosions in Canada’
3pp. draft by Bullard (from University of Toronto), 1948.
Note on boreholes in E. Anglia, by F.H. Edmunds, 1955.
'Boreholes at Soham and Wyboston', by T.F. Gaskell, 1956
(comment on the above).
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
Seismic work at sea
D.342
Research
120
Folder of correspondence, 1937-39, principally with R.M. Field,
re marine geophysical research in America, Bullard's visit,
meeting with M. Ewing, subsequent seismic research at sea in
Britain in 1938, 1939, etc.
Field's letter of February 1939
also refers to Bullard's work on heat flow in South Africa.
(See D.359-D. 371.)
D.343
Letters from M. Ewing.
No letters from Bullard accompany this correspondence which
runs 8 February 1937-1 August 1938, and is concerned with
gravity and seismic measurements at sea, equipment and
apparatus.
congratulates Bullard very warmly on his 'good work on the
shelf’.
Ewing's last letter, which is autograph manuscript,
D.344
Correspondence and papers, 1937.
Includes Bullard's letter (carbon only) of application to Royal
Society for grant to visit America, in response to Field's
invitation.
Proposal for seismic research on continental shelf in Britain,
October.
D.345
D.346
Correspondence, 1938-39, with J.D.H. Wiseman about
proposed seismic and gravity research on mid-Atlantic ridge.
Correspondence, 1938, re equipment and preliminary testing
of underwater explosives.
D.347
Correspondence and papers, 1938.
Includes 2pp. note on 'Proposed Seismic and Gravity Work
on the Continental Shelf’ (no author or date, but probably
from Cambridge Department), with comments by W.B. Wright
and H.R. Mill, and Bullard's reply.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
121
Research
D.348
Correspondence and papers, 1939.
Includes 2pp. note on ‘Proposed Seismic Experiments at Sea',
March (not signed, but from Cambridge Department).
Letter from Bullard (carbon only) to Royal Society re
investigation of deep ocean floor on short expedition funded
trom unspent grant tor seismic research, July, and corres-
pondence re explosives for the expedition.
D.349
'Seismic work at sea. The constitution of the Continental
Shelf"
Extensive typescript draft on work of 1938 and 1939 expeditions.
Miscellaneous ms. diagrams and notes.
D.350
'On the Atlantic Shelf’
Two articles on the 1939 expedition, by Tom Hepworth,
Yachting Monthly, 8, July and August 1946.
made available by D.H. Matthews.
Photocopy
(Hepworth was the part-owner with R.C. Byng of the Arthur
Rogers , the Brixham trawler used to carry the explosives.
Hepworth himself skippered the second trawler used for the
instruments, named by him 'Redcar' and elsewhere named
as 'Renown' and 'Terminist'.)
D.351
‘Proposals for a geophysical survey of the oceans'
5pp. research proposal + 2pp. list of gear, submitted by
Bullard with covering letter to J.D. Cockcroft, August 1949.
Mainly related to work on echo-sounding, seismic reflections
and seismic refraction to be undertaken on an expedition by
M.N. Hill from the Cambridge Department.
122
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
D.352-D.426
HEAT FLOW
Research
Heat flow on land, 1937-58
D.352-D. 398
With an introductory note
Heat flow at sea, 1951-58
D.399-D.426
With an introductory note
D.352-D.398
HEAT FLOW ON LAND, 1937-58
Bullard's interest is documented from 1937, when he was concerned, in collabora-
tion with A.E. Benfield, with measuring thermal conductivity in boreholes at various
sites, and especially in the area of Cambridge (D.352-D.358).
In 1938 he accepted
an invitation to spend a few monthsas the first 'guest researcher’ at the Bernard Price
Institute of Geophysical Research at Johannesburg, where he investigated geothermal
heat in South African rocks, working with L.J. Krige (D.359-D.371).
During the
early years of the Second World War, the thermal conductivity apparatus was recon-
structed at Cambridge and used to continue work on the conductivity of rocks from Persia
and elsewhere; this work was carried out by Margaret Bullard (D.372-D.378). After the
war, Bullard took up the work again with special reference to sites in Britain (D.381-
D.389) and Switzerland (D.390-D.393).
D.352-D.358
Early work on boreholes
D352
D. 353
Ledger-type notebook, listing boreholes in the eastern and
midland counties of England.
later entries are by Bullard and many of the earlier entries
have annotations by him.
In various hands. Most of the
Miscellaneous notes and drafts, originally stuffed into the
front cover of D.352.
Includes data, lists of boreholes, calculations, graphs, narratives,
few dated, almost all by Bullard.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
Research
D.354-D.357
‘Geothermal (Condy of Gault, etc.)'
123
Contents of a bulky folder so described, and dealing mainly
with work on boreholes at Cambridge, 1937-38.
D.354
'Report on the work of the committee for the measurement
of the thermal conductivities of rocks', sent to British Associa-
tion, June 1938 (Bibliog. 1938c).
Two copies, both with ms. corrections or annotations by Bullard.
D.355
Notes, tables and calculations by Bullard on boreholes through
gault.
Work runs June 1937-June 1938 and includes summaries of data
and tabulated results.
D.356
D.357
Graphs, calculations, charts, almost all by Bullard but some
in another hand, probably that of A.E. Benfield.
Brief correspondence with equipment suppliers and engineers
re borehole in gault, 1938.
D.358
‘Topographic corrn. to heat flow'
Measurements, calculations, miscellaneous notes on various
named boreholes in Britain and Europe, some referred to in
Bibliog. 1938c.
Two paginated sequences of notes and drafts, 6pp. and 7pp.,
‘Topographic Correction to Heat Flow ina finite hole’.
nsdis, €. 1937-38.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
Research
D.359-D.371
Visit to South Africa
See also D. 645.
124
D.359
D.360
D.361
Correspondence, 1937-39, from B. J. Schonland (Director,
Bernard Price Institute of Geophysical Research), inviting
Bullard to visit as the first ‘guest researcher’ of the newly-
established Institute, and discussing research and publications.
Bullard's letter (carbon only) to Royal Society, requesting
permission to take up invitation to Bernard Price Geophysical
Institute and outlining proposed investigations, September 1938.
Also included is another letter re temperature measurements.
Correspondence, 1938-39, from L.J. Krige (Bullard's principal
collaborator on South African research).
D.362-D. 367
"Geothermal (South Africa)!
Contents of a bulky folder so described.
D.362
Extensive charts and graphs of measurements, all in Bullard's
hand.
Ms. notes and drafts by Bullard.
D.363
D.364
3pp. ‘Abstract’ for paper at Royal Astronomical Society,
November 1938 (not by Bullard) describing current research
on thermal conductivity.
'Report of Thermal Conductivity Committee’ (1938-39).
Not by Bullard, but describes work of Bullard, A.E. Benfield,
L. Krige, etc.
3pp. with Ip. ms. notes by Bullard on Benfield's work.
D.365
'Why is it hot underground?!
6pp. draft for short lecture given by Bullard during his stay in
South Africa.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
D.366
Research
125
Correspondence and data from L.J. Krige, re Bullard's paper
Heat flow in South Africa, Bibliog. 1939e.
1939.
‘experiences with the lions’.
Krige's letter of 16 January refers to Bullard's
January-June
Also included is letter from B. J. Schonland.
D.367
Report on 'Cooling of City Deep Mine', by H.L. Callendar,
1923.
D.368-D.371
Notebooks
D.368
Small black notebook, inscribed 'South Africa. E.C. Bullard's
Petty Cash’.
Ip. only, accounts for November and December 1938. Rest
of book contains data, not all in Bullard's hand. Most entries
are at back of book.
D. 369
D.370
D.371
Hardbacked notebook, inscribed with Bullard's name, address
at Bernard Price Institution, dated November 1938, pages
numbered 1-78.
Data and calculations.
Hardbacked notebook, similarly inscribed, dated December 1938,
pages numbered 1-46.
Data and calculations.
Hardbacked notebook, similarly inscribed, dated January 1939,
pages numbered 1-48.
Data and calculations.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
Research
126
D.372-D.378
Thermal conductivities, 1940-41
This was a continuation of the work begun in the 1930s to determine the thermal
conductivities of various kinds of rocks, and included specimens from Persia, Scotland
Ata time when mostof the activity of the Cambridge Department
and Switzerland.
was restricted by the war (Bullard himself being engaged in work for the Admiralty), this
research was carried on single-handed by Margaret Bullard with his advice and direction.
See the Annual Report for 1941 in B.4 in which her contribution is described as 'The
only practical research that has been done in the Department’.
D;3/2
D.373
D.374
Spiral-back brown notebook, only 1 page dated (March 1940),
mainly by Margaret Bullard with some notes by Bullard and
occasional additions from their children. Notes on Persian
rocks and on ‘Anderson's specimens' (Scottish rocks).
Black hardback notebook.
all in Margaret Bullard's hand with a date '1940' added later by
Bullard.
Similar material, on Persian rocks,
Blue hardback notebook.
all in Margaret Bullard's hand.
Similar material, on Scottish rocks,
D.375-D.378
‘Geothermal (Persian)!
Contents of a bulky folder so described.
D375
D.376
Notes, graphs, calculations by Bullard and Margaret Bullard.
Includes 8pp. tabulated sequence of tests on 'Conductivity of
Rocks', in Bullard's hand, various dates, April-October 1940.
Correspondence, July-November 1940, from E.M. Anderson
to Margaret Bullard, re research and specimens of Scottish rocks.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
127
Research
D377
Miscellaneous correspondence.
Includes letter from Bullard to his wife, August 1940, setting
out method of research, and miscellaneous shorter correspondence
not all dated.
Also included is Bullard's carbon letter, 1941, requesting further
information on Persian rocks.
D.378
‘Report on Geothermal work, 1940-41'
6pp. typescript on results of measurements of 30 Persian and
6 Scottish rocks.
corrections by Bullard.
By Margaret Bullard, with a few ms.
Brief report on research for 1940-41 sent by Bullard to Royal
Society.
D.379-D.398
Later work, c.1944-58.
D379
D.380
Small red notebook of notes on wells and boreholes, some by
Margaret Bullard but almost all by Bullard, some pages with
various dates, 1944, 1945.
Blue hardbacked notebook, inscribed 'E.C. Bullard Sept. 1945',
graphs, notes, calculations on rocks and boreholes, various
dates, 1945-48, includes (at rear) Ip. ‘Accounts of work at
Wilton July 1946'.
Both these books are of very mixed content, some referring
N.B.
to work on Persian rocks (see above) and some to Nottinghamshire sites (see
below).
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
D.381-D.389
'1.C.1. & Notts. Temperatures’
Research
128
Contents of a bulky folder so described.
Continuing work on boreholes, mainly on sites sunk by I.C.1.
Limited and by D'Arcy Exploration Company, onsites in
Nottinghamshire.
The work covers a considerable time-span
and includes material dated 1940-51, but is mainly 1946-48.
D.381
Mapsand charts of wells provided by I.C.1. and D'Arcy
Exploration Company and mainly dated 1943-45.
Many
annotated by Bullard.
D. 382
Notebook of 'Experimental data’.
Few entries only, 1940, 1944, on Nottinghamshire and Yorkshire
wells.
D.383
Small blue notebook of data and calculations.
book used. Most entries dated 1948.
Both ends of
Certificates of thermometertests, 1946.
D.385
D.386
D.387
Extensive notes, charts, tabulated data, etc., all by Bullard.
A few pages bearing various dates, 1944-51.
Correspondence with I.C.1. re project, arrangements to visit
and measure boreholes, etc., 1946-49.
Correspondence with D'Arcy Exploration Company on subject,
1946.
D.388
Shorter correspondence on boreholes, 1944-46.
Includes data.
D.389
Shorter correspondence on conductivity, etc., 1950-51.
Includes data and letter from E.R. Niblett on collaborative
paper on thermal conductivity (Bibliog. 195le).
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
129
D.390-D. 392
"Geothermal (Swiss)'
Contents of a folder so described.
Continuing work on conductivity, 1947-51.
D.390
D.391
Maps and charts of sites studied in Switzerland, most annotated
by Bullard.
Notebook of sites and specimens in Switzerland, few pages
used, dated September 1947.
Miscellaneous ms. notes and diagrams.
D.392
Correspondence and data from E.R. Niblett, 1950, 1951.
D.393
Includes list of conductivity measurements on Swiss rocks,
charts, etc., some annotated by Bullard.
Bullard's tagged folder of correspondence with E.R. Niblett,
March 1954-October 1955, on thermal conductivity of Swiss
rocks, research and publication.
of conductivities in Simplon Tunnel (taken in 1947).
Includes Bullard's ms. data
D.394-D.396
"Geothermal Odds and Ends'
Contents of a folder so described.
D.394
D.395
D.396
D.397
D.398
Miscellaneous ms. notes and calculations by Bullard, variously
paginated, some dated 1948, 1949.
Correspondence with colleagues, on conductivity, 1946-49.
Research notes, reports, etc. by others.
Later shorter correspondence on boreholes, 1956, 1958.
Notes, calculations, diagrams, apparently on effect of snow
cover on heat flow, n.d. but folder contains paper on similar
topic by L.W. Gold, 1957.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
Research
130
D.399-D.426
HEAT FLOW AT SEA, 1951-58
Bullard's first work on marine heat flow was at the Scripps Institution of Oceano-
graphy in 1949 (see Section C. passim but especially C.12-C.14). The continuation
of his collaboration with A.E. Maxwell at Scripps and with E.R. Niblett at Toronto
can be seen in correspondence at D.406, D.415.
Most of the material below is concerned with the construction of apparatus,
its use during sea-going expeditions and the analysis of results 1950-58, when Bullard
was at the National Physical Laboratory and then at Cambridge.
For logs and accounts of expeditions on R.R.S. 'Discovery II' during and after
this period, see Section B.
Titles and descriptions on the folders have been retained and appear in inverted
commas (not always in Bullard's hand); the contents of bulky folders have sometimes
been sub-divided for ease of reference, and very decrepit folders have been discarded.
D.399-D. 403
Notebooks, 1951-56, 1958
All these are similar hardbacked books with alternate graph and
lined pages, almost all in Bullard's hand with occasional inter-
leaved or pusted-in additions.
Physical Laboratory books, the last is from the Cambridge Department.
The first four are National
The content consists of notes, diagrams, measurements, procedures,
analyses of results, in preparation for and in the course of sea-
going expeditions.
D.399
Inscribed 'Heat flow at sea. Book I'.
Pages numbered 1-72.
Entries run 5 June 1951-December 1952.
D.400
Inscribed 'Heat flow at sea. No.2'.
Pages numbered 1-49.
with later additions, 1961, on pp.48-49.
Entries run 28 August-September 1952
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
13]
Research
D.401
Inscribed 'Heat flow at sea (book 3)'
Pages numbered 1-71.
Entries run 9 July-November 1954.
D.402
Inscribed 'Sea work 1956'
Entries run 16 June-27 August 1956. Back page has notes
dated 30 November 1958.
D.403
Inscribed 'Heat flow at sea. Book 5.
Sea work 1958'
Pages numbered 1-40.
1958.
In more than one hand, some by Belinda Bullard.
Main entries run 12 June-19 October
D.404-D.409
"Geothermal sea'
Contents of a bulky folder so described, the folder itself
being too decrepit to be retained.
The material covers a considerable time-span (1949-54) and
includes information or correspondence from colleagues in
U.S.A., Canada and Japan as well as from various divisions
of N.P.L.
There is considerable overlap with other folders, but Bullard
had kept this material as a unit.
There are also Bullard's own extensive notes.
D.404
Notes, diagrams and drafts on design of apparatus and evaluation
of results.
Almost all by Bullard, but not dated or paginated.
D.405
Shorter ms. notes and information sent to Bullard.
Includes notes on 'Thermal Conductivity Apparatus' from
Earthquake Research Institute, Japan.
D.406
Correspondence from colleagues.
A.E. Maxwell
E.R. Niblett
L.H.N. Cooper
unidentified
1949
1949
1953
1951]
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
Research
132
D.407
Reports and correspondence from colleagues at N.P.L.
Test results
Report on 'Deep Sea Thermometer'
Test results of 'T'
‘Heat Conduction Problem'
1952
1953
1953
1953
D.408
Reports on the analysis of Atlantic floor sediments, sea-bed
clays and fused silica, mainly from E.H. Ratcliffe, 1953-54.
D.409
Photographs of apparatus, and of observations.
D.410
Two diagrams of 'Ocean bed temperature measuring apparatus’,
drawn by Metrology Division, N.P.L., no.1877. n.d.
D.411-D.413
Reports and correspondence re apparatus, from N.P.L.
D.411
D.412
D.413
'Sea-bed apparatus’
1951
'Tests on a Deep Sea Thermometer’, N.P.L.
Report
1953
'Experiments to find the Best Adhesive for Attaching
a Galvanometer Mirror to its Support’.
Draft for N.P.L. Report.
1955
D.414
D.415
D.415A
Shorter correspondence with suppliers re
equipment.
1954-58
"Heat Flow Work at Sea, July 1952 "R.R.S. Discovery II"'
Tagged folder of correspondence and papers re organisation
of expedition, supplies, programme of research, Bullard's
letters of thanks.
Bullard's letter to R. Revelle, 30 June 1952, re apparatus, forth-
Includes press-cuttings.
coming 'Discovery II' expedition, etc.
Photocopy of originals in Archives of the Scripps Institution, kindly
made available by the Archivist, April 1984.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
Research
133
D.416
‘Bottom Temperature Measuring Apparatus’
Tagged folder of correspondence and papers, 1953-54.
Includes 2 copies of Bullard's 'Notes on Bottom Temperature
Equipment', n.d. but probably intended for M. Ewing to
whom the apparatus was lent in May 1953; miscellaneous corres-
pondence with firms re repairs and supplies; correspondence
with colleagues and others re expedition on 'Discovery II’
in November 1954.
D.417
'Thermal Conductivity Work (Mr. E.H. Ratcliffe)’
Tagged folder of correspondence, graphs, reports, etc. on
ocean floor sediments (1955) and on fused silica discs (1954).
D.418
"Heat flow 1954'
Calculations, graphs, etc. all by Bullard.
D.419
'Thermal Conductivity Ocean Seds.'
Calculations, graphs, etc., some comparing 1952 and 1954
results, most dated 1955 and including Ip. graph dated 1960.
D.420
Untitled folder of notes, calculations and graphs, all by
Bullard, some paginated.
n.d. but includes note on 'Heat flow problem’, by G.F. Miller
and report on thermal conductivity by E.H. Ratcliffe, both
dated 1955.
D.421
"Heat flow 1956'
Extensive calculations and graphs for samples taken on 1956
"Discovery II' expedition.
Folder includes Ip. dated 1954, Ip. dated 1960, and some
computer data.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
D.422
"Heat flow 1958'
Research
134
Calculations, graphs, etc. (almost all by Bullard) on samples
taken on 1958 expedition.
D.423, D.424
"Heat flow 1954-58 (general papers)!
D.423
Notes, graphs, calculations, mainly comparing results of
observations in 1954, 1956, 1958.
Includes letter from A.S. Laughton on expedition data, 1958.
D.424
8pp. 'Calculations for paper on Moho temps. June 1961’,
originally included with above.
D.425
D.426
'The flow of heat through the floor of the Atlantic Ocean',
by Bullard and A. Day.
Typescript draft with ms. corrections by Bullard, drawings,
etc. for paper (Bibliog. 1961a).
Annual Report, Volcanological Research Department, 1956-57
(sent for information).
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
Research
135
D.427-D.429
AIRBORNE MAGNETOMETER, 1947
D.427
'The compensation of an airborne magnetometer for the
magnetisation of the aircraft’
13pp. typescript and ms. report by Bullard, not dated but
using the calculations and formulae of D.428 below.
D.428
'Corrn. of Airborne Magr.'
7pp. ms. calculations dated '1/1947'.
There is no indication of the origin or destination of the report, but it would
seem to form part of the 'Early History’ referred to in Bullard's report to the
Ministry of Supply in 1957 (see E.169).
D.429
Report on ‘Surveying from the air', produced by Photographic
Survey Corporation Airborne Profile Recorder, Toronto, 1949.
D.430-D.433
FIGURE OF EARTH, ¢.1947
Notes and calculations relating to methods of determining the
ellipticity of the Earth, using variation of g with latitude, the
Moon's parallax, triangulation, etc.
D.430
Ip. (only) 'Contribution to RAS discussion on the Figure of the
Earth' (perhaps Bibliog. 1948a).
D.431
D.432
Paginated sequences of notes and calculations, pp. 1-22,
pp.1-22, pp.2-7.
Shorter unpaginated notes and drafts.
inscribed 'Figure of Earth’.
—_In original folder
'The application of the International Figure of the Earth to the
different countries surveys and maps'
épp. typescript and ms. report sent to Bullard, n.d., relating
to D.433.
D.433
Translation of 'Commander Schmidt's paper’.
60pp. typescript, n.d., referred to especially in ms. addition
to D.432 above.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
Research
136
D.434-D.476
DYNAMO THEORY, 1947-79
The earliest documents date from 1947 when Bullard was at Cambridge immediately
after the Second World War.
The work continued at Toronto and then at the National
Physical Laboratory.
Several publications resulted during the 1950s, in particular with
H. Gellman in 1950, 1954.
Although Bullard consulted members of the NPL staff and other colleagues, and
also made use of the ACE computer at NPL, it is noteworthy that virtually all the calcu-
lations and graphs in the folders - for what he himself described as a 'long and elaborate
paper' (see A.7) - are in his own hand, and most of the calculations submitted by others
are checked or corrected by him.
The material was received crammedinto folders or filing-drawer dividers with only
a summary indication, usually 'Dynamos 1950-54'. The contents are now sub-divided
for ease of reference though the contents of each named section are respected and pre-
served as such; this has sometimes resulted in an overlap of material, but it was thought
best to retain Bullard's overall divisions.
Paginated sequences of notes are preserved,
but many loose pages remain.
Bullard continued to investigate and publish on dynamos; see D.474-D.476 for later
work on disc dynamos.
D.434-D.438
‘Rotating Spheres’
Contents of a bulky folder so described.
D.434
Extensive sequence of notes and calculations, paginated
1-46 with many intercalations.
D.435
Shorter sequence 'For sphere’, paginated 1-5.
D.436
Shorter sequence ‘For cylinder’, paginated 1-3.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
D.437
D.438
137
Research
Similar material, not paginated but usually with heading
or indication of content.
Calculations and graphs, some on University of Toronto
paper.
In original folder.
D.439
‘Dynamos 1950-54'
Extensive folder of drafts, calculations and graphs, all in
Bullard's hand except for a few printouts with his note
'tabulated by ACE' (The Automatic Calculating Engine
at NPL).
The material is paginated 1-156 with a very few pages missing
and many intercalated pages.
for pp.1-140.
printouts bear various dates in 1951.
bered pages and graphs at end.
The work is not dated, but some of the ACE
There is a rough ms. index
There are some unnum-
All in original folder.
D.440-D.444
‘Dynamo Theory 1950-54!'
Contents of a bulky folder so described.
D.440
D.441
Paginated sequences of notes and drafts.
of his two short papers on spherical dynamos of which the
originals are at D.449, D.450.
Includes photocopies
Unpaginated sequences of calculations.
of 'Prelim. results' and extensive bundle of calculations
and notes dated 8 May 1953 with a note 'These are believed
to be final results’.
Includes 1p. chart
D.442
Unpaginated sequences, mainly graphs and tabulations.
D.443
More fragmentary notes, graphs and calculations.
In original folder.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
Research
138
D.444
Correspondence and data from colleagues, 1951-53.
from NPL, but includesletter from G.K. Batchelor on his
and Bullard's views on dynamos (April 1953).
Mainly
D.445-D.448
‘Earth's non-dipole field ...'
Contents of a bulky folder so described.
D.445
Correspondence with H. Gellman on research and publication,
January-March 1950.
D.446
D.447
D.448
Includes data.
Notes, calculations, graphs by Bullard.
Tables of calculations in another hand, several annotated or
with additions by Bullard.
Tables of data on non-dipole field, typescript and numbered
1-6 by Bullard.
In original folder.
D.449-D .464
‘Dynamos 1950-54!
Contents of folder (now at D.456) and of filing-drawer
divider so described: a very extensive assembly of material,
some dating from 1947, now sub-divided for ease of reference.
D.449
'On the impossibility of a liquid sphere acting as a dynamo'
6pp. pencil draft.
D.450
'On the possibility of spherical dynamos'
13pp. pencil draft, commenting on above.
These two notes by Bullard form the basis of much of his work
on dynamo theory and photocopies of part or all of them were
included by him in several other folders.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
139
Research
Paginated drafts and sequences.
D.45]
2pp. ‘Boundary conditions’
13pp. 'Resistance of core for dynamo paper', etc.
24pp.
calculations.
D.452
15pp.
calculations
22pp.
calculations
Spp.
calculations
D.453
6pp.
calculations
13pp.
calculations
11 pp.
calculations
D.454
17pp.
calculations
11 pp.
calculations
D.455
Miscellaneous pages of calculations, some with page numbers,
but not forming a sequence.
Ms. diagram for sphere and cylinder.
Table of results - 'Prelim. - not to be believed’.
D.456
Extensive loose pages of diagrams, charts, calculations
and drafts, some with headings, a few with page numbers.
In original folder.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
Research
140
D.457-D.463
Correspondence with colleagues and collaborators, 1947-53.
In alphabetical order.
Several of the early letters refer to P.M.S. Blackett's paper
'The magnetic field of massive rotating bodies' (Nature, 159)
D.457
Batchelor, G.K.
Blackett, P.M.S.
Chapman, S.
n.d.
1948, 1949
1948
D.458
Elsasser, W.M.
1948, 1949
E.T.S.
D.459
Gellman, H.
neds
1950
Includes report on 'spherical dynamo problem'
D.460
Hales, A.L.
1947
Gravity and magnetic research in South Africa.
D.461
Hartree, D.R.
Inglis, D.R.
Mott, N.F.
1949
1949
1948
On thermal conductivity, but with Bullard's
heading 'file geomag.'
D.462
Olver, F.W.J.
1952
Runcorn, S.K.
Vestine, E.H.
D.463
Woodger, M.
1947, 1949 (Bullard's
carbon only)
1948
1952-53
Mainly re results of calculations made in NPL
Mathematical Division, but includes Bullard's
‘Child's guide to results in dynamo problem’.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
D.464
'Suggestions to the authors’
Research
141
10pp. typescript detailed comments on paper submitted
for publication. No author or date, but perhapsrefers
to paper with Gellman (Bibliog. 1954e).
annotated by Bullard.
Very heavily
Included here are pp. 14-18 of draft paper, with many
ms. additions and corrections.
D.465-D.468
"Eigen Values'
Contents of a folder so described. Mainly notes and drafts
for a paper arising from problems of calculation involved
in dynamo theory.
D.465
'Real eigen values of certain linear differential equations’
13pp. ms. draft, very heavily corrected, n.d. but Ip.
draft references lists Bullard's paper Bibliog. 1954e.
In original folder.
6pp. earlier draft for paper, same title.
28pp. and 2 unnumbered pages, drafts and calculations.
Shorter drafts, calculations and notes.
No separate paper of this title is listed in the Bibliography .
D.466
D.467
D.468
D.469-D.471
'Disc Dynamo 1954-5'
Contents of a folder so described.
Paginated drafts and calculations by Bullard.
D.469
25pp. headed 'Disc Dynamo’, May 1954.
Research
142
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
D.470
7pp.
App.
3pp.
3pp. tables 'Comparison of ACE and DA Solutions', by
Bullard, comparing methods of solving problem by computer
and by differential analysis.
D.471
Charts, diagrams, printouts (annotated).
Correspondence and information from members of NPL staff,
1955.
In original folder.
D.472
Drawing 'To illustrate Bullard's theory of the earth's magnetic
field', with various notes and queries. No authoror date,
but refers to model with 'magnetic axis coincident with
rotational axis’.
D.473
‘Oscillating dynamos'
Miscellaneous research material.
paginated notes by Bullard, and three sets of notes by others,
one dated 1967.
Includes three sets of
D.474-D.476
‘Dynamo Theory'
Contents of a folder so described.
D.474
Research data, from 'Program LOOKSE', in collaboration with
D. Gubbins at Scripps, some annotated by Bullard. Various
dates, January-March 1975.
D.475
Correspondence with D. Montgomery, 1978.
Includes two ms. notes by Bullard, on 'Two-dimensional
dynamos' and 'Non-existence of a dynamo with a two-
dimensional magnetic field’.
D.476
Correspondence with colleagues, 1979.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
Research
143
D.477-D.483
EARTH DENSITY, ¢c.1951-56
The folders cover various topics such as temperatures in the earth's core, resistivity
of molten iron, seismic velocities.
Some of the material is related to publications,
in particular to Bullard's contribution 'The Interior of the Earth' to The Solar System,
ed. G.P. Kuiper (Bibliog. 1954g).
See also G.30.
D.477-D.479
"Solar System Chap. 2'
Contents of a folder so described.
Bibliog. 1954g.)
(The reference is to
D.477
Very extensive calculations, charts and diagrams on earth's
mantle, core, etc. all by Bullard, n.d.
In original folder.
D.478
Correspondence and data from colleagues; dated letters
are all 1952.
In alphabetical order.
D.479
Miscellaneous photographs of seismic velocities, various
dates, 1948-51
(not by Bullard).
D.480
Untitled folder of notes and drafts on the melting point
of iron.
Includes 2pp. ms. draft by Bullard 'The melting point of
iron at high temperatures', and miscellaneous notes on the
subject by members of NPL staff, various dates, 1951, 1952,
1955.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
D.481-D.483
"Density in Earth’
Research
144
Contents of a folder so described, mainly relating to
testing of theories of H. Jeffreys and others on seismic
velocities and density in earth.
D.481
Extensive notes, charts, diagrams by Bullard.
Includes 26pp. sequence on ‘Constants adopted’. Some of
the diagrams bear various dates, 1955, 1956.
In original folder.
D.482
Printouts, all headed and some annotated by Bullard, c.1956,
done on NPL Computer.
in the folder, to Superintendent, Mathematics Division,
explains his research and wish to use 'Pilot ACE or DEUCE
to get solutions of the equations connecting the seismic
velocities and density within the earth' (June 1955).
A letter from Bullard, included
D.483
Correspondence and data from 8. Gutenberg on velocities,
and notes and calculations by Bullard arising, 1955.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
Research
145
D.484-D.506
PROTON MAGNETOMETER, 1956-66
Most of this work derives from research expeditions in R.R.S. 'Discovery II’
(in 1956 and 1958) and in 'Sarsia' (1957).
(See also expedition reports in Section B.)
The material continues to 1966.
The material, which includes printouts of computer data as well as Bullard's
manuscript accounts, notes and calculations, was received in filing-drawer dividers
and there are in consequence feweroriginal folders.
D.484
D.485
D.486
Chart of 'Discovery II' expedition, July-August 1956,
showing observation stations for the various research
projects undertaken. With several annotations by Bullard.
Listings, 10pp. and 6pp., of observations off Brittany and
in Channel, August 1956.
Bullard's list of tapes made on 1956 expedition, of work
to be done on them, notes on computer data, ms. charts
and graphs based on tapes, etc.
D.487
'Abstract of Navigator's Notebook'
10pp. ms. notes and calculations by Bullard.
D.488
‘Extracts from rough log 16/8/56!
App. ms. notes and calculations by Bullard.
D.489
‘Astronomical Observations’
8pp. ms. notes and calculations by Bullard, July-August 1956.
D.490
Miscellaneous notes, diagrams and calculations on 1956
expedition, and magnetometer survey.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
Research
146
D.491
Extensive folder of computer printouts of various measure-
ments on tapes of 1956 expedition.
All the printouts are headed, and many are annotated or
checked by Bullard.
Some are dated December 1959.
D.492-D.496
"Heading Correction'
Contents of a filing- drawer divider so labelled.
comparative data based on expeditions of ‘Discovery II’
and 'Sarsia'.
Mainly
D.492
‘Effect of ship's heading on magnetometer'
12pp. ms. draft.
D.493
D.494
D.495
Drafts, diagrams and calculations on subject.
Pages
numbered 19-32 with many intercalated pages, mainly
on 1956 expedition.
Miscellaneous ms. diagrams of proton magnetometer readings,
most dated July 1956.
Similar but more extensive material, mainly relating to
readings on 'Sarsia' expedition, 1957, and comparison
with 1956.
D.496
Similar, shorter material, for 1958 expedition.
D.497
Bullard's list of 100 magnetic tapes made on 1958 'Discovery II'
expedition, with details of time, place and comment on
content.
Miscellaneous ms. notes re tapes, ‘Things to be checked’,
annotated printout.
Two diagrams of readings, May 1958.
D.498
Calculations and charts on magnetometer readings from
1958 expedition, almost all by Bullard.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
Research
147
D.499
Calculations and printouts on 'Daily variation’, May-
July 1958.
D.500, D.501
‘Magnetics Atlantic 1958'
Contents of a folder so described.
D.500
Ms. charts and diagrams by Bullard.
D.501
Printouts, some annotated by Bullard, mainly magnetic
reductions.
D.502
D.503
D.504
Similar material - printouts of magnetic reductions for
'Discovery II' and various stations, May-July 1958.
Notes and diagrams by Bullard, mainly on secular variations.
Spring-back folder of notes, calculations and printouts,
not all in Bullard's hand.
Folder is labelled (in another hand) 'Fit Function - Atlantic.
Determination of Regional Gradient for North Atlantic’.
Material related in part to collaborative paper with M.N. Hill
and C.S. Mason 'Chart of the total force of the earth's
magnetic field for the north-eastern Atlantic Ocean'
(Bibliog. 1962b).
D.505
Shorter correspondence from colleagues forwarding data for
magnetic research, 1956-62.
Correspondence with colleagues on magnetometer design,
1957, 1959.
Correspondence with manufacturers re costs of supplying
magnetometers, 1960, 1963.
D.506
Later observations, diagrams and printouts, mainly by
Bullard or annotated by him, various dates, 1965, 1966,
re computer program to reduce data from a proton magnetometer.
Related to, and including a copy of, a paper describing
the program, by J. Bath, dated 7 October 1966.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
Research
148
D.507-D.518
SEISMIC REFLECTION/APPLIED SEISMOLOGY, 1956-58
Most of the material was received in a filing-drawer divider
labelled 'Seismic Reflexions'.
proposal on the subject by Bullard in 1949.
See D.351 for a research
D;507-D.510
Research proposals by Bullard:
D.507
‘Research in applied seismology’
6pp. typescript and ms., October 1956.
D.508
‘Appendix to "Research in applied seismology" '
Spp. typescript and ms., December 1956 (2 copies).
D.509
‘Computation of reflexion seismogram from geological
structure’
3pp. typescript and ms. note based on appendix above, n.d.
D.510
‘The evaluation of the Fourier integral representing the
ground motion due to reflected waves'
App. typescript and ms. note improving on above, March 1957.
All in original folder.
D511
Correspondence with colleagues at Shell Laboratories, Delft,
who were collaborating in the work, December 1957-
April 1958.
Included here are computer data found with the correspondence,
copies of Bullard's EDSAC programs for seismic reflection,
épp. ms. notes and related offprints.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
Research
149
D512
Extensive folder of ms. notes, graphs, calculations.
Includes computerised data, all headed, annotated or
checked by Bullard.
D.513
‘Projection of fields’
Two sequences of ms. notes by Bullard so described, 8pp. and
9pp., and miscellaneous shorter loose pages.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
Research
150
D.514-D.517
ARGON DATING, 1956-61
This was part of an investigation into the earth's atmosphere in the past, analysing
argon in rock salt and atmospheric argon.
The test data were computed ona program
written by Bullard for the EDSAC machine. Most of the correspondence requesting
samples or discussing results dates from 1959 and 1960, but see letter from T.R. Scott
on the project, April 1956, and Bullard's letters to H. Borchert, May 1958.
D514, 0.815
Correspondence with colleagues, firms, etc., requesting
samples and discussing research.
D.514
A-H
DoS
1-5
D.516
Draft programs by Bullard for processing argon data on EDSAC
computer.
llpp. n.d.
Test printouts, some dated 1961.
D.517
'EDSAC'
Ms. notes and calculations, test printouts annotated and
checked by Bullard, most dated 1960.
In original folder.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
Research
15]
D.518-D.522
SECULAR VARIATION, c. 1958-59
Contents of a filing-drawer divider so labelled.
Very little of the work is
dated; some of the paper format used by Bullard in his notes and drafts is similar to
that used at the N.P.L. in the 1950s, and may originally have been part of the
‘Dynamo Theory' material, but the draft paper at D.522 is 1959 or later.
Bullard's Chree lecture, 'The secular variation of the Earth's magnetic field’,
was published in 1958 (Bibliog. 1958a).
Acollaborative paper with D.W. Allan,
‘Origin of the secular variation’ is listed as ‘abstract only' (Bibliog. 1960c); the
paper at D.522 is unlisted.
See D.146, D.275-D.281 for Bullard's first work on secular variation in
1933-34.
D.518
D.519
D.520
D.521
Miscellaneous ms. notes and calculations by Bullard.
3lpp.
App.
7pp.
3pp.
7pp.
(later work)
Miscellaneous unpaginated notes, diagrams, calculations.
Research notes and information provided by collaborators
(more than one hand).
D.522
'The Secular Variation of the Earth's Magnetic Field'
7pp. typescript and ms. draft for paper by D.W. Allan and
E.C. Bullard, n.d., latest reference 1959, not listed in
Bibliog.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
152
D.523-D.576
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS, c. 1959-76
Research
EDSAC
BOMM
c.1959-62
c.1960-76
The presentation and dating of this sub-section are somewhatartificial, since
Bullard had been interested in mechanical methods of calculation and data-processing
from very early in his research career. Some of the work on explosion seismology
during the 1930s was processed on an early adding-machine, and Bullard himself
was active in designing automatic recording instruments for gravity measurements.
Similarly, many of the folders for research projects of the 1950s contain work making
use of the computer resources of the National Physical Laboratory and the University
Mathematical Laboratory at Cambridge.
It is nevertheless the case that during the 1950s Bullard came increasingly to
seek ways of automatically reducing large quantities of observational data, and thus
to write his own programs, using the Cambridge EDSAC machine. Later, in collabora-
tion with colleagues at the Scripps Institution he shared in the major project known as
BOMMfor time-series analysis.
D .523-D .527
EDSAC c.1959-62
This was the computer (Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator) developed
and built at the University Mathematical Laboratory, Cambridge.
process much of the data from the 'DiscoveryII’ expeditions and other research projects
during the 1950s. He wrote several programs himself, descriptions of which are retained
Bullard usedit to
at D.525.
D.523
‘Least
Squares’
2 ms. draft programs for EDSAC, 4pp. (dated May 1959),
and 3pp.
Miscellaneous test printouts for program, June 1959.
Included here is a copy of the instructions for the completed
program, another copy of which is included in D.525.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
D.524
D525
Research
153
Correspondence, 1960, re ‘magnetic programme’ at University
of Durham, with 7pp. ms. notes and calculations by Bullard
using Durham program.
Tagged folder of 'EDSAC PROGRAMS', containing 18
descriptions of programs by Bullard, as follows:
—
H
N
H
W
L
F
A
A
N
A
O
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15,
16.
17.
18.
Attractions
Sum Series
Fit function
Read or punch alpha-numeric characters
Reduce magnetometer (4 BP) and (5 BP)
Power spectrum
Read magnetometer
Difference magnetometer
Check magnetometer
Total field
Daily variation
Removetrend (1)
Seismic reflection (2B)
Remove trend (2)
Field from count
Least squares (1) and (2)
Argon (1)
Seismic reflections (1) and (1x)
D.526
D527
The folder has a ms. note ‘about 1958', though probably
some of the work is rather later.
Copies of nos. 7, 9, 16, 17 with alternative material from
above, perhapsearlier or later versions.
Two additional programs not included in D.525.
‘Proton Precession', 3pp., dated December 1962.
"Short description of the programme "Seismic Reflection
(3)"', 2 pp., n.d.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
Research
154
D.528-D.576
BOMM, 1960-76
This was a program for time-series analysis.
Its name is derived from the initials
of those principally involved: B(ullard), O(glebay), M(unk), M(iller).
The acronym
makes clear the collaborative nature of the work, which was funded by American research
grants and conducted chiefly at the Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics,
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California (see Section C).
A 'User's Guide to BOMM ... preliminary version' appeared in 1962, followed
in April 1964 by a revised version and a second edition in January 1966.
Bullard's
copy of the 1966 version is included at D.560.
In a short biographical sketch of Bullard (Earth-Science Reviews, 4, 1968),
D. Davies writes:
',,. in collaboration with a group from Scripps Institution ... he developed
a 'super-program' for time-series analysis, reducing the programmerseffort
from the punching of thousands of cards to the punching of tens. He didn't
just act as genial overlord to the project - he took an equal share in the
programming, punching and testing.
chievous sense of humour need only borrow the program andtry and insert
a time series including the non-existent days when we changed calendar in
the eighteenth century.
Anyone wanting evidence of his mis-
The result is surprising.’
The surviving material corroborates this account of the active part played by
Bullard throughout, including his joke program for the calendar change in 1752 (see
D.558).
There are two principal sections: Bullard's own draft programs and notes
(D.528-D .559) and the correspondence with colleagues 1960-76 (D.561-D.576).
The correspondence, as well as complementing the notes and drafts for the 'User's
guide’, continues after publication and includes comments by other laboratories and
institutions using or adapting BOMM on various machines.
Ata later stage (see D.569
et seq.), BOOM was developed; see D.574-D.576 for 'thoughts' and notes on this by
Bullard, 1968, 1976.
See also E.21.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
Research
155
D.528-D.559
Drafts and notes
These are Bullard's own notes, calculations and narratives for BOMM, the majority
in his own hand but some by collaborators; printouts of trial routines are also sometimes
included.
The material remains in Bullard's original folders, some very bulky, each bearing
his designation of the topic dealt with. They were originally kept in two very large
filing-drawer dividers labelled 'BOMM A - P' (D.528-D.546) and 'BOMM Q - Z'
(D.547-D .559), but are now ina single sequence.
It will be seen that the first sur-
viving folder of the 'A - P' group is now ‘Subroutine CB' which includes one problem
codenamed 'ARTHER'.
Most of the material bears various dates, 1960-64.
It is Bullard's 'half' of the
work on BOMMwhich was going forward in collaboration with the Scripps Institution
where the principal co-worker was Florence E. Oglebay (later Dormer) and should be
consulted in conjunction with the detailed transatlantic correspondence on the subject
at D.561-D.576.
D.528
‘Subroutine CB'
Notes and calculations by Bullard, some dated September
1960.
9pp. ms. routine, n.d.
Computer printouts, April 1962.
Also included here is 2pp. routine 'ARTHER', January 1962.
D.529
"Subroutine CH'
Notes, narratives, programs by Bullard, some dated August,
September 1960.
Computer printout, April 1962.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
D.530
"Check'
Research
156
Extensive folder of notes, narratives and programs, almost
all by Bullard, a few in the hand of F.E. Oglebay.
Some dated July, September 1963, November 1964, and
includes 48pp. ms. sequence for various 'Check' routines.
D.531
"CHGVAR'
2pp. only, ms. draft program by Bullard.
D.532
'CONVL'
3pp. ms. draft program by Bullard.
D.533
"Subroutine CYCLE'
Notes, narratives and programs by Bullard, some dated
August, September 1960, April 1962.
"END!
Notes, narratives, draft program by Bullard, some dated
August 1960, March 1962 (by F.E. Oglebay).
D.535
"ERROR'
Notes, narratives, draft program by Bullard, none dated.
D.536
"INSERT!
2pp. only draft program, dated November 1961.
D.537
"INTPL'
Notes, calculations, draft program by Bullard, some dated
September 1962.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
D.538
"FETCH!
Research
157
Notes, programs, printout, some dated August 1961
and several in the hand of F.E. Oglebay.
D.539
‘Subroutine LET'
Narratives and programs by Bullard, August 1960, February 1962.
D.540
"LIBR'
Notes, narratives, programs, various dates, August 1960-
April 1964, some in the hand of W.H. Munk.
D.541
"NUB'
Extensive folder of notes, narratives, programs, test printouts,
various dates, September 1960-April 1962, mostly by Bullard,
but a few in the hand of F.E. Oglebay.
'NUM'
Notes, narratives, test printouts by Bullard, mainly dated
August 1960.
'O PER'
Ms. notes and draft programs by Bullard.
'OPTION'
Narrative, notes, draft program by Bullard, August-September
1960.
D.545
"OUTPUT'
Notes, narrative, draft programs by Bullard, dated December
1961, January 1961 (perhaps an error for 1962).
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
D.546
"PRERROR'
Research
158
Notes and draft program by Bullard, August 1961.
D.547
"Subroutine RE’
Miscellaneous notes by Bullard.
Computer printout June 1964, with ms. note by Bullard
'Test of revised RE.
Works correctly’.
Also included is letter, 1960, from D.P. Moore, aboutthis
subroutine.
D.548
"READ 1'
Notes, charts, draft programs by Bullard, one dated August 1961.
Includes letters from F.E. Oglebay, December 1960, January
1961.
D.549
‘READ, WRITE ETC. '
Extensive folder of notes and drafts by Bullard, several dated
May 1961; draft programs by Bullard and D.P. Moore, May-
July 1961; several test printouts annotated by Bullard (some
programmed to produce text of 'Good King Wenceslas’).
D.550
"RERROR'
Notes and programs by Bullard, only two dated (November 1961,
January 1962).
D.551
"RESUME'
Ip. only, dated March 1962, in the hand of F.E. Oglebay.
D552
"SBERP'
Notes, narratives, draft programs by Bullard (dated May 1962).
Test printouts annotated by Bullard, n.d.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
D.553
"SEV'
Research
159
Notes and draft programs by Bullard, dated December 1960.
D.554
"STARTING DECK'
Ip. only ms. draft program by Bullard, n.d.
DB,555
"STRSER'
Ip. only ms. draft annotated program by Bullard, May 1961.
D.556
"TEATYM'
Ip. draft program by Bullard.
2pp. draft program in the hand of F.E. Oglebay, dated
March 1962.
D.557
"TIM'
Narratives, notes, draft programs, all by Bullard, some
with various dates, March and October 1961, January 1962.
D.558
"TNAME'
Miscellaneous notes and draft routines by Bullard, some
dated January 1962, April 1964.
Includes page headed 'Joke about 1752', a reference to
Bullard's program for the calendar change of that year. See
the article by D. Davies in Earth-Science Reviews, 4, 1968,
quoted in part in the introductory note to 'BOMM' above.
D595?
'TRANSF'
2pp. ms. draft routines by Bullard, n.d.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
Research
160
D.560
.
'A User's Guide to BOMM'
Bullard's own initialled copy of the version published in
January 1966.
D.561-D.576
Correspondence on BOMM and BOOM
Bullard was based in Cambridge for most of the academic year while the other
members of the BOMMteam were at the Scripps Institution. There is therefore unusually
full documentation for the development of BOMMandits programs.
The principal
correspondent is Florence (Flicka) E. Oglebay (later Dormer), with whom letters are
exchanged sometimes several times a week in bursts of activity over a particular problem.
On the other hand, there are total gaps for the periods when Bullard was himself resident
at Scripps.
The main theme is the development of BOMM,its use, and its successor, BOOM;
in letters exchanged with W.H. Munk there are also references to other research projects,
expeditions, Bullard's posts at Scripps, etc.
Some of Bullard's own notes and draft
programs, similar to those in the main sequence
q
Pp
at D.528-559 above, also appear occasionally in the correspondence.
D.561
1960, December only.
1961, August-December
1962, January-May
1962, June-December
D.562
D.563
Bullard's letter of 31 December to a prospective user
explains the state of the project and the machines for
which versions of BOMMwere to be produced.
D.564
1963, January-June
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
161
D.565
D.566
D.567
D.568
Research
1963, July-December
Includes correspondence, July, re adapting BOMMforTitan.
1964
Includes correspondence with users of BOMM on
adaptations for other machines and languages, and
correspondence with collaborators re ‘User's Guide'
and modifications required.
An extensive folder.
1965
1964-
68
Correspondence with G.W. Lennon on the use of
BO MMat IBM Data Centre and elsewhere.
See also E.60.
D.569
1966-
67
Letter of January 1967 explains the origin of BOOM
(Bullard, Oglebay, Oglebay and Munk).
D.570
1967-
68
Correspondence re use of BOMMat Atlas Computer
Laboratory.
Letter to Bullard of 19 December speaks
in very favourable terms of the value of BOMMas an
analytical tool in power system problems.
D.571
1968
D.572
1969
Includes correspondence on possible use of BOMM
at Tata Institute, Bombay, and at CERN; also on
development of BOOM, the CDC 3600 version of
the successor to BOMM.
Includes various draft papers for BOOM, copy of ‘User's
Guide to BOMM on Atlas', and correspondence rea
version for IBM/360.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
D.573
1970-73
Resea rch
162
Correspondence about BOMM and BOOM.
D.574-D.576
Miscellaneous reports and work by Bullard on BOOM.
D.574
'Thoughts on BOOM', 15 July 1968.
'Decisions based on thoughts on BOOM', 23 July 1968.
D.575
'Note on the present state and prospects of BOOM onthe
CDC 7600 at Berkeley’, with a trial printout and a circular
letter from W.H. Munk on the BOOM project, February 1976.
D.576
Ms. narrative and printout, on 'Meta-statements in BOOM', n.d.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
Research
163
D.577-D..585
CONTINENTAL DRIFT, ¢.1962-65, 1975
Bullard researched and published extensively on this and allied topics, but the
surviving manuscript documentation is relatively scanty.
D.577-D.580 relate to his
collaborative paper with J.E. Everett and A.G. Smith 'The fit of the continents
around the Atlantic’ (Bibliog. 1965a); D.583-D.585 date from 1975 when he began
a re-examination of the subject.
See also D.646.
D.577
D.578
D.579
D.580
Draft for 1965a paper, few pages only, some ms. annotations
by Bullard, Ip. comments by A. G. Smith, and 4pp. 'data notes
on continental fit, by Smith.
Ms. notes, calculations and charts by Bullard.
Computer printouts of data for paper.
Correspondence (addressed to J.E. Everett), re statistical
methods for solving problems of continental fit, 1962.
D.581
'A mechanism for diastrophism'
8pp. draft for a paper on orogeny by M.J.S. Dewar, dated
1 September 1947 and found with material.
D.582
Incomplete ms. for a paper on continental drift, sea floor
spreading and plate tectonics, p.4, pp.37-54. n.d. but
latest reference 1971.
There is a ms. note by Belinda Bullard that the paper was
"found in cupboard at Madingley Rise [Cambridge J July'.
D.583
"Atlantic Fit'
Miscellaneous notes, charts, a few dated October 1975.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
D.584
D.585
Research
164
Correspondence with colleagues, mainly sending information
on Atlantic fit in response to Bullard's requests, June-July
1975.
Miscellaneouslists of maps, reports, etc. requested or
ordered by Bullard for work.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
Research
165
D.586-D.592a
PALAEO MAGETISM, 1964-67
This is mainly concerned with the analysis of rock samples collected during
expeditions in the Pacific Ocean organised by the Scripps Institution: to Easter Island
and the Juan Fernandez Islands in July 1964 and 1966, and to Fiji and other Pacific
islands in July 1967.
Bullard wrote a collaborative paper on the subject with J. Booker and R.L. Gasty
(Bibliog. 1967g).
For further correspondence about the expedition and research, see C.17, C.20.
D.586
Green notebook, with Bullard's name and addresses at La Jolla
and Cambridge inside front cover, and labelled '6/64.
Rocks.
Easter Is. & Juan Fernandez’.
Includes list of sites of samples, diagrams, description of
collection methods, analysis of magnetisation, etc., mainly
but not all in Bullard's hand.
1965, and a note of samples 'Sent to Blackett 8/4/65’.
(P.M.S. Blackett, who was working on magnetic reversal
at that time.)
Includes some later material,
D.587
Similar notebook, with Bullard's name and address and date,
July 1967, inside front cover and labelled 'NOVA Leg 3
July 1967’.
Entries run 31 June-20 July 1967 and are described
Pages numbered 1-16, with several loose pages of maps and
diagrams.
as 'Collection of oriented rock samples for palaeomagnetic
and age determinations’.
of expenditure.
At rear of book, Ip. only account
All in Bullard's hand.
D.588
Bullard's list of rocks collected on 1964 expedition.
Typescript ‘Description of work on Easter Island’ taken from
Bullard's diary.
Maps and charts indicating sites of rock specimens taken.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
D.589
Bullard's notes and calculations.
Research
166
D.590
D.591
D..592
App. sequence 'Track of R.V. Baird during Ist leg of Carousel’
(code name for 1964 expedition).
Notes, drafts, charts, mainly on Alijos rocks.
Miscellaneous computer programs (using BOMM) for processing
data on rocks, July 1964.
2pp. shorter notes on ‘Easter Is.'.
Charts and diagrams, probably for a publication, all drawn
or annotated by Bullard.
Charts of rock samples, by Bullard and others.
Correspondence and reports from colleagues.
'Work report on measurements of the magnetic properties
of basalts from Easter and Juan Fernandez Islands', by
A.|. Rees, February 1965.
J.A. Miller, August 1965.
J. Booker,
September 1965
'Preliminary petrological report on rocks from Easter Island
and the Juan Fernandez Islands', by F.J. Fitch, n.d.
D.592a
Printout with ms. note ‘Easter Island, magnetisation of rocks',
July 1966.
In original folder, inscribed 'Pacific Track and Easter Islands
1964',
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
Research
167
D.593-D. 609
ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF OCEANS, 1965-71
The material was received as the contents of a filing-drawer divider labelled
"Induction in Ocean’.
Bullard began work on the topic in 1965 (see D.593) but most of the dated
notes and drafts are 1967, 1968.
They include some computer programs andprintouts,
and little material from R.L. Parker and other colleagues.
Bullard published a
collaborative paper with Parker, ‘Electromagnetic induction in the oceans' (Bibliog.
1970a).
See G.54.
D.593
D.594
D593
Correspondence with R.A. Cox, in which Bullard explains
the purpose of the research 'to calculate the effect of the
oceans on magnetic variations’ and requests information,
December 1965.
Notes, data, programs, etc. on temperatures andsalinity
in Indian and Pacific Oceans, various dates, January,
March, May 1967.
Miscellaneous notes, research ideas, diagram by Bullard,
related to 1967 work.
D.596
Correspondence from colleague and collaborator, with data.
Includes research notes from R.L. Parker, 1967-68.
D.597
Miscellaneous shorter data, annotated bibliography, 1967 and 1968.
D.598-D.609
Drafts and notes by Bullard.
D.598
'The electrical conductivity of the oceans'
Typescript with ms. corrections (photocopy), dated 'August
1967', witha ms. note 'This note is intended as a summary
and will not be published’ .
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
D 897
D. 600
D.601
D.602
Research
Extensive draft, paginated 1-74 with several intercalated
pages, headed 'Induction in a sheet’.
168
"Induction in spherical shell’, pp.1-10.
"Induction by motion in a disc', pp. 1-8.
‘Induction in a strip conductor’, 2pp. (photocopy).
D.603
"Induction in a half space’, pp.1-26.
'The general problem’, Ip.
pp.15, 16 only of a sequence.
"Induction in ocean for short periods', 4pp., dated July 1971.
Photocopy of part of a paper on induction, heavily annotated
and revised by Bullard.
D.605
D.606
D.607
D.608, D.609
Unpaginated notes, drafts, diagrams by Bullard relating
to conductivity research, 1967-68.
2 folders.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
Research
169
D.610-D.612
MAGNETIC VARIATIONS, 1967-69
D.610, D.611
‘Removal of Trend’
Contents of a filing-drawer divider so labelled.
published a paper 'The removal of trend from magnetic
surveys' (Bibliog. 1967b), though some of the material
here is later.
Bullard
D.610
Ms. drafts by Bullard, 19pp., 2pp., 2 pp.
Diagrams (perhaps for 1967 paper).
D.611
Letter and data from L.R. Alldredge, with Bullard's notes
and data on the subject, February 1967.
Includes letter to Members of Working Group on ‘Analysis
of the Geomagnetic Field’ (Bullard was a member),
November 1967.
D.612
"Magnetic Variations’
Contents of a filing-drawer divider so labelled.
Ms. notes and diagrams, charts (various dates, December
1968, January 1969), brief correspondence.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
170
Research
D.613-D. 643
ENERGY SOURCES / NUCLEAR WASTE, 1976-80
Most of this work consists of drafts and background material for Bullard's contribu-
tion to collaborative publications of JPL where he was a consultant (Bibliog. 1977c,
1977d).
Of interest are the fragmentary drafts for an uncompleted book on the subject
on which Bullard was engaged at the very end of his life (D.626-D.629).
The work on abiogenic methane at D.640-D.643 represents Bullard's contribution
to the discussion of T. Gold's hypothesis on the viability of abiogenic methane as a
fuel source, and was undertaken at the request of the Director of the Office of Science
and Technology Policy.
For contracts and terms of Bullard's consultancy at JPL, and other related
material, see E.99-E.113.
The material is presented as follows:
D.613-D.625
Drafts for publications and papers
D.626-D.636
Ms. drafts, notes and calculations
D.637-D.639
Background statistics and information assembled by Bullard
D.640-D.643
Abiogenic Methane
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
D.613-D.625
Drafts for publications and papers
Research
171
D.613
D.614
D.615
'Notes on the problems of waste disposal from light water
reactors'
9pp. typescript, 4 January 1976.
'The central problem in waste disposal, notes by Edward
Bullard'
5pp. typescript, n.d.
'Effect of Radioactive Heat on Seabed Disposal of Nuclear
Waste'
3pp. typescript research proposal by Bullard 'to examine
the stability of clay containing buried heat sources’, n.d.
D.616
'Waste disposal - a brief review, by Edward Bullard’
Versions of a paper, all with variants, dated 17 October
1976, 21 October 1976, and a second amended copy with
1 page dated 23 March 1977.
D.617
'Summary'
App. typescript and ms. (photocopy), for collaborative
publication, probably Bibliog. 1977c.
D.618
"Appendix A.
Energy’
9pp. typescript unsigned but by Bullard, n.d.
D.619
‘Appendix B.
Units of energy'
6épp. typescript and ms.
n.d.
D.620
'Appendix.
Level Nuclear Waste Management'
Effect of Plutonium Recycle Options on High-
App. typescript, no author or date.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
Research
72
D.621, D.622
‘Origin, nature and disposal of high level waste'
Paper written as 'Appendix A', described by Bullard as
‘a background paper Ewhich_] does not go into the detail
of the main report', n.d., but 1977.
D.621
Ms. and heavily-corrected typescript draft (photocopy)
D.622
Typescript version of above, 36pp.
D.623
"High-level Waste'
25pp. typescript + 7pp. figures, with a few ms. corrections
dated 2 June 1977.
(Uses some similar material to D.622.)
D.624
‘Notes on Waste Disposal’
App. typescript with a ms. note 'For Adm. Long's daughter',
dated 8 December 1978.
Enclosed here is a copy of a letter from W.H. Munk forwarding
the material.
D.625
Letter to Bullard (JPL Interoffice memo.) from J. Klimberg
commenting on Bullard's seminar at La Jolla on ‘Lasting
Engineered Structures for Disposal', February 1977.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
Research
173
D.626-D.635
Ms, drafts, notes and calculations
D.626-D.629
Drafts for an uncompleted book on energy, with special
reference to nuclear power.
hand, very heavily revised and corrected, sometimes
fragmentary and noteasily attributable.
The work is all in Bullard's
D.626
Preface’, 10pp.
Here Bullard outlines the scope of the book as follows:
Chapter1
‘an outline of the world's energy needs and
resources and of the reasons for considering
nuclear energy as a major source’
Chapter 2
'the nuclear fuel cycle of the Light Water
Reactor'
Chapter 3
'the nature of the waste and its radioactivity'
Chapter 4
(omitted)
Chapter 5
‘biological effects of radioactivity'
Chapter 6
‘options for disposal’
Chapter 7
‘effect of alternative fuel cycles on waste
disposal'
Chapter 8
‘possibilities of the diversion of materials from
the fuel cycle either by non-nuclear states or
by terrorists’
Chapter 9
summary and conclusions
D.627
‘Chapter 1
'How much will be enough'
18pp. + lp.
progress 1980.
There isa ms. note at the head 'book in
D.628
Miscellaneous drafts for chapter 5 on biological effects of
radiation, pp.1-4, 8-14, 9-13.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
Research
174
D.629
Shorter paginated drafts, pp.5-7, 6-8, 17-25 (perhaps
for Chapter 1),
D.630
'The generation of radioactivity by a reactor’
4pp. ms. note 'to prove a theorem which seems not to be
widely known’.
D.631
Shorter paginated sequences of notes and calculations.
D.632-D.636
Shorter notes, statistics, references, etc., a few with
dates, 1976-79.
5 folders.
D.637-D .639
Background information andstatistics
Miscellaneous material assembled by Bullard on nuclear
waste and energy sources in America, a few with ms.
annotations.
3 folders.
D.640-D.643
Abiogenic Methane
Correspondence and papers examining the proposal by T. Gold
that 'methane ... and other hydrocarbons may have been
significant components of primordial Earth'.
Bullard was
asked for his views and comments, which he conveyedin a
paper (D.641) and which were considered in preparing its
report to the Office of Science and Technology Policy by the
ad hoc Committee on Abiogenic Methane of the National
Academyof Sciences.
D.640
Correspondence, July-November 1979.
Includes invitation to forward comments, exchanges with
colleagues.
Also included is a copy of a letter by T. Gold on methane
deposits, February 1979, sent to Bullard for information.
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
175
Research
'Abiogenic Methane’
Bullard's report on the subject, 9pp. typescript, dated
10 September 1979.
With covering letter, and a ms. note of others who received
copies.
'Abiogenic Methane: scientific and practical considerations
of its potential as an energy source’
Report of ad hoc Committee, with background papers,
8 October 1979.
‘Alternative Gas Workshop'
Papers and correspondence re meeting at Los Alamos Scientific
Laboratory, September 1979, which Bullard attended.
Includes
programme, list of participants, brief correspondence, and a
few brief notes by Bullard.
D.644-D.651
MISCELLANEOUS
D.644
Maps for gravity survey in Britain.
Maps of boreholes, for work on heat flow in South Africa,
1937-39.
See D.359-D.371.
Maps and drawings on continental fit, c.1964.
D.577-D .585.
See
Ms. notes and drawings.
early pendulum paper.
Includes original figure for an
Shorter ms. notes, on spherical harmonics and other topics
(from later part of Bullard's career).
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
D.649
D.650
D.651
176
Research
Ms. diagrams and charts by Bullard.
Data and diagrams by others.
Typescript material, with ms. annotations by Bullard, on
'The Cambridge Supermap Programs’.
CONTEMPORARYSCIENTIFIC ARCHIVES CENTRE
Catalogue of the papers and correspondence of
SIR EDWARD CRISP BULLARD, FRS
(1907-1980)
Compiled by Jeannine Alton and Peter Harper
VOLUMEII
Sections E - H
Deposited in the Churchill College Archives Centre,
Cambridge
CSAC 100/4/84
All rights reserved
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
177
SECTION E
COMMITTEES AND CONSULTANCIES
E.1 - E. 23]
INTRODUCTION TO SECTION E
The material is presented in alphabetical sequence and covers both govern-
ment and private commercial work.
Bullard undertook consultancy and committee work for a number of government
departments.
His connection with the Admiralty dates from the mid-1930s when the
Navy cooperated with the Cambridge Department of Geodesy and Geophysics in
marine geophysical research and Bullard joined the Admiralty Research Department
during the Second World War.
There is virtually no record of the wartime work
in the collection. *
After the war he was a consultant and served on government
committees on atomic energy, atomic weapons, nuclear disarmament and maritime
defence and served as the chairman of Lord Hailsham's Space Steering Committee.
Bullard also had a number of important consultancies with industrial concerns.
The most fully documented are those with Shell and IBM UK where he was a director
for ten years.
*
For unpublished wartime papers, see G.19.
SOME OF THE MATERIAL IN THIS SECTION MAY BE SUBJECT TO RESTRICTION
E.C. Bullard
CSAC 100/4/84
178
Committees and consultancies
LIST OF CONTENTS
ADMIRALTY
ATOMIC ENERGY RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT, HARWELL
ATOMIC WEAPONS RESEARCH ESTABLISHMENT, ALDERMASTON
BRITISH PETROLEUM
BURMAH OIL COMPANY LIMITED
CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION
COMMITTEE ON COLONIAL GEOLOGICAL SURVEYS
FOREIGN OFFICE
GOVERNMENT COMMUNICATIONS HEADQUARTERS,
CHELTENHAM
IBM UK
JET PROPULSION LABORATORY, CALIFORNIA INSTITUTE OF
TECHNO LOGY
METEOROLOGICAL OFFICE
MINISTRY OF DEFENCE
MINISTRY OF LABOUR AND NATIONAL SERVICE
MINISTRY OF SCIENCE
MINISTRY OF SUPPLY
OSCAR WEISS, CONSULTING GEOPHYSICIST, (JOHANNESBURG)
PHYSICAL DYNAMICS, INC./LA JOLLA INSTITUTE
RIO TINTO COMPANY LIMITED
SHELL OIL COMPANY
SMIDTH, F.L., & COMPANY LIMITED
WARBURG, S.G. & COMPANY LIMITED
8
Y@
=
BULLARD, Edward Crisp
Published: 13 September, 2023 Author: admin