BLACKMAN, Geoffrey Emett v1

BLACKMAN_GEOFFREY_EMETT_v1

THE ROYAL COMMISSION ON HISTORICAL MANUSCRIPTS Report on the correspondence and papers of GEOFFREY EMETT BLACKMAN, FRS (1903-1980) agronomist deposited in the Bodleian Library, Oxford Reproduced for the Contemporary Scientific Archives Centre .- L, Chancery. Lane, LHP i HISTORICAL MANUSCRIPTS Qualtiy House, Oualeoy. Couwt (CSAC 7973781) by THE ROYAL COMMISSION ON London WC2A cay CSAC 79/3/81 CONTEMPORARY SCIENTIFIC ARCHIVES CENTRE British National Committee for the History of Science, Medicine and Technolog under the guidance of the Royal Society’s Catalogue of the papers and correspondence of GEOFFREY EMETT BLACKMAN, FRS (1903 - 1980) Deposited in the Bodleian Library, Oxford All rights reserved 1981 Compiled by: Jeannine Alton Julia Latham=- Jackson G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 The work of the Contemporary Scientific Archives Centre, and the production of this catalogue, are made possible by the support of the following societies and institutions: The Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland The Biochemical Society The British Pharmacological Society The Charles Babbage Foundation for the History of Information Processing The Institute of Physics The Institution of Electrical Engineers The Nuffield Foundation The Physiological Society The Royal Society of London G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 NOT ALL THE MATERIAL IN THE COLLECTION IS YET AVAILABLE FOR CONSULTATION. ENQUIRIES SHOULD BE ADDRESSED IN THE FIRST INSTANCE TO: THE KEEPER OF WESTERN MANUSCRIPTS, BODLEIAN LIBRARY, OXFORD. G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 LIST OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION SECTION A BIOGRAPHICAL & PERSONAL A.1-A.19 SECTION B LECTURES 6, 1-857 SECTION, C NOTES, DRAFTS & WORKING PAPERS C.1-(C.46 SECTION D COMMITTEES & CONSULTANCIES D.1 =-.D.202 Ort -D,.67 Biology War Committee (With an introductory note) Commonwealth Development Corporation East Malling Research Station International Biological Programme (With an iniroductory note) (With an introductory note) (With an introductory note) D.195-D. 201 Rubber Research Institute of Malaya National Academy of Sciences National Research Council Committee on the Effects of Herbicides in Vietnam INDEX OF CORRESPONDENTS UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Programme SECTION E CORRESPONDENCE G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 INTRODUCTION Blackman came from a family which has included several distinguished scientists; his father, Vernon Herbert Blackman, FRS, and his uncle, Frederick Frost Blackman, FRS, were both botanists, and his aunt, Dame Harriette Chick, was a well-known nutritionist. Blackman always felt pride in continuing this tradition, and often refers to the work of his father; a little material relating to the Blackman family can be found in Section A (see especially A.8 - A.14). Blackman's accounts of his own career and involvement in the study of factors stimulating and inhibiting plant growth can be found at A.3. After graduating from Cambridge, Blackman worked briefly at Rothamsted Experi- mental Station and then from 1927 to 1933 as Head of Botany Section at the i.C.1. Research Station at Jealott's Hill, Bracknell, where Sir Frederick Keeble was Director; Blackman's main research was on grasses and on the use of sulphuric acid in weed control. In 1933 he moved to Imperial College, London, as Lecturer in Ecology in directed research teams on growth analysis. D.67 and the accompanying introductory note). The Committee advised on research Biology War Committee, of which he was Secretary throughout its existence (see D.1 ~ During the Second World War, Blackman played an active port in initiating the projects and co-ordinated the results in reports on various aspects of improved sources the Department of Botany, and remained there (under secondment to the Agricultural Research Council 1942 - 45) until 1945, when he moved to Oxford as Sibthorpian Professor of Rural Economy. Here he continued research on weed control, but also documented in D.99 ~ D.194 and is also referred to in the correspondence in A.17, A.i8. being invited in 1971 to serve on the National Academy of Sciences Committee on the Effects of Herbicides in Vietnam. This difficult and controversial assignment is well and herbicide techniques, and his international reputation in these areas led to his Blackman's own primary research interest was in weed control, selective toxicity and production of food, weed control, etc. One of these, on the distribution of the spindle tree, produced a wide public response, and the resulting correspondence and data provide a virtually nation-wide picture of the distribution of the species - arranged by the old counties of Britain (see D.44 - D.59). G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 PROVENANCE The material was assembled from Blackman's home, and from his former rooms at the Department of Forestry, Oxford, and the University Field Station at Wytham. Several colleagues of Blackman have allowed items of biographical or personal interest to be included in Section A. PUBLICATIONS A set of publications is included at A.19. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are glad to acknowledge expert help given by Dr. D.J. Osborne (Weed Research Organisation) and Mr. D.S. Porter (Bodleian Library, Oxford) in identifying and assessing material. We are especially grateful fo Mrs. Audrey Blackman for her enthusiastic We thank Professor J.L. Harley and Mr. J.D. Fryer for their help in assembling recollections of Blackman, and those whose contributions are included in A.15-A.18. encouragement of the work on the collection. G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 SUMMARY OF CAREER b.1903 educ. (Son of Vernon Herbert Blackman, FRS) King's College School, Wimbledon 1923 = 26 St. John's College, Cambridge (Natural Science Tripos) $926 ~ 27 1927.- 35 Half-blue for rifle shooting 1923, 1924, 1925, 1926 Department of Physics, Rothamsted Experimental Station Head of Botany Section, 1.C.1. Research Station, Jealott's Hill, Bracknell, Berks. 193] married Audrey Babette. Seligman 1935 - 45 Lecturer in Ecology, Department of Botany, Imperial College of Science and Technology, London 1935 - 40 Assistant Scientific Editor, Gardeners' Chronicle Secretary, Biology War Commiitee President, Institute of Biology 1959 1963 - 64 1971 - 74 Sibthorpian Professor of Rural Economy, Oxford University 1942 - 46 1945 - 70 1950 = 70 Fellow of the Royal Society (Vice-President 1967 - 68) Member, National Academy of Sciences Committee on the Director, Agricultural Research Council Unit of Experimental Agronomy, Oxford University Effects of Herbicides in Vietnam G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 SECTION A BIOGRAPHICAL AND PERSONAL, A.1 - A.19 A.1 Miscellaneous biographical information. Includes: Autobiographical notes compiled by Blackman, probably for Royal Society. Obituary notices, 1980. Article, Oxford Times, 1961. Introduction by Hoblyn to Blackman's Amos Memorial Lecture, East Malling, 1961. Notes on Blackman's career, c 1970. Citation for Blackman's Fellowship of the Imperial College, London, 1968. School reports: Leeds Girls' High School, 1910-11. Rokeby, Wimbledon, 1911-17. King's College School, Wimbledon, 1917-22. 14 pp. uncorrected typescript. This item is included by permission of Mr. J.D. Fryer, Director, Weed Research Organisation, and should not be quoted or reproduced without his agreement. 'An Historical Survey of the Development of Herbicides. ' ‘British Developments in Weed Control, 1930-45. ' Transcript of talk given by Blackman at Weed Research Organisation (W.R.O.), Oxford, 10 April 1970. Mr. Fryer describes it as 'an unedited verbatim account which recaptures vividly his early career and is important in documenting some facts about the early days of weed research and the discovery of the first hormone weedkiilers'. pondence on the history of 2,4-D. This is one of Blackman's contributions to the Working Papers of the Committee on the Effects of Herbicides in Vietnam. lt refers in part to his own research and is included here for ease of reference. An additional copy remains with the Reports of the Committee in D.194. See D.117, D.146, D.190 for further material and corres G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Biographical and Personal Visit to University of British Columbia, Vancouver, 1971. Blackman held a Killam Senior Fellowship and was Visiting Professor at the University, January-May 1971. Folder includes correspondence re award of Fellowship, arrangements for visit, 4 pp. typescript outline of lectures to be given by Blackman in the Faculty of Agricultural Sciences. ‘Conversation with Professor G.E. Blackman, Oxford University’, 28 April 1971. 28 pp. typescript of discussion with M. Shaw (Dean, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of British Columbia) on organisation and teaching of agricultural science, comparison of British and Canadian universities, etc., recorded during Blackman's visit. Correspondence and papers re Science, Oxford, 1975-76. Professorship of Forest Blackman was Chairman of the Advisory Committee for Forestry until 1978, and responsible for collecting opinions and drafting submissions to the Secretary of Faculties. Includes drafts and comments from colleages and members of the Forestry Advisory Council. . Miscellaneous correspondence and papers of biographical interest. There is no complete record of all such bodies, and these are intended only as token evidence of his very active public life. Miscellaneous papers relating to societies, companies and associations to which Blackman belonged, committees on which he served, etc. 1942. Birthday letters from sister-in-law, 1966, and 'Dad' 1967 (V.H. Blackman, who died in that year aged 95). Letter from Sir Henry Tizard re special honorarium paid to Blackman for his wartime work, 1942. Ms. note by Blackman '36 hours', chronicling two busy days, probably 1943; includes first reference to 'proposal to eradicate spindle tree’. Letter of congratulation on FRS, 1959. Includes: Letter to V.H. Blackman from Sir John Russell, 1948. Letters exchanged with ‘Aunt Harriet! (Dame Harriette Chick) on soya bean protein, G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Biographical and Personal Miscellaneous items of biographical interest. Includes: Group photograph, 1969, with key, and early photograph, c 1934. Reminiscences by Blackman of his uncle (unnamed) including some autobiographical information. Written in 1947. 9 pp. A.10-A. 14 Material relating to Vernon Herbert Blackman, FRS. A.10 A.11 Copy of Will, Executorship account, group photograph at Imperial College, London, 1949 (with key). Correspondence re Memorial Lecture for V.H. Blackman, given by E. Ashby on 2 May 1968 at Imperial College, 1967-68. Letters of sympathy received by Blackman on the death of his father. Correspondence re memorial notices in Annals of Botany, British Mycological Society's Transactions. Offprints of published obituaries. Correspondence, mainly with H.K. Porter, re of V.H. Blackman for the Royal Society. reminiscences of his father by Blackman. Includes some 1967-68. her Memoir Includes Apprenticeship Indenture later correspondence from H.K. Porter re her entry on V.H. Blackman for the Dictionary of National Biography, 1977 Miscellaneous documents and memorabilia relating to the Blackman family. of George Blackman 1863 and Freedom of City of London conferred on Frederick Blackman, 1883. G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 A.15-A.18 Biographical and personal Tributes to Blackman and his work, recollections and information, contributed by colleagues. Many of these were assembled by J.L. Harley for his Royal Society Memoir and were passed on for inclusion by him. In alphabetical order. D.P. Bickmore (Blackman's contribution to cartography) 1980 J.N. Black (Blackman at Oxford) G.W. Cooke (Notes on Blackman's career, for Blackman lecture) L. Fowden (Blackman at Rothamsted) J.D. Fryer ~H. Goodwin 1980 1979 1980 1980 1980 J.L. Harley (address at memoria! service to Blackman, 1980) R.W.J. Keay (Blackman's work on cartography, and for International Biological Programme) 1981 Committee) 1980 1980 at Imperial College) 1980-81 H.K. Porter (Blackman, V.H. Blackman and others P.W. Richards (Blackman's services on Biology War Committee, Herbicides in Vietnam Committee) 1980 D.J. Osborne (note on Blackman's career and work) A. Lang (Blackman's service on Herbicides in Vietnam 1980 A.J. Rutter (Blackman at Imperial College) G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Biographical and personal Published papers, 1926-78 1 box. This includes a copy of each of the publications found at Blackman's home or among his papers. Also included here is a list of reprints of his publications (1932-40) which are held at Jealott's Hill Research Station, Bracknell. Research reports prepared by Blackman for the Agricultural Research Council and other bodies are included ins C.1y-C.20 C280 86° C37 C46 D.10, 0.19, D228. B. 37, Ditoe.D 7B. 0.96. Di115, D; 719° Bi126, D127, 140 G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 SECTION B LECTURES, B.1 - B.7_ B.1 "Introduction to Crop Ecology.' Notes, headings and narratives for a course of lectures, probably at Oxford University. ‘Physiology of Plant Growth.' Notes, drafts, bibliographies for a series of lectures with this title. No date or place. Weed control. Untitled notes or draft for talk on the subject. No date or place. 'Plant Competition. ' 2 sets of drafts and notes for lectures. Notes for lecture on plant nutrition. Lectures at Hong Kong, 1972-73. Timetable and Pp programme of lectures at both universities. Blackman was Royal Society Visiting Professor at Hong Kong September 1972- January 1973. of Hong Kong and the Chinese University of Hong Kong on herbicides, growth analysis as a tool in ecology, and the analysis of yield. He lectured at the University Set of diagrams, graphs, etc. used as teaching material in lectures. Typescript text of general public lecture on 'The impact of herbicides on agricultural history in the past, present and future’, 9 pp. of Hong Kong. Correspondence with colleagues, university authorities and Royal Society, re Society, a copy of which is included. visit, andre Blackman's report to the Includes photograph of Department of Botany, University G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 SECTION C NOTES, DRAFTS AND WORKING PAPERS, C.1 - C.46 This Section contains a full record of Blackman's early research on grasses, and of his classic work on the bluebell (C.2 - C.7). There are also data, reports and correspondence relating to his two chief research responsibilities during the Second World War; these were the cultivation of oil seed crops (C.8 - C.25) and investigations in weed control (C.26 - C.38). Much of Blackman's later research was collaborative. Examples have been retained of some of the significant projects which he directed or to which he contributed. The help of Dr. D.J. Osborne in identifying material in this Section is very gratefully acknowledged. G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Notes, drafts and working papers Work on grasses Ch teen Carried out at Jealott's Hill Research Station. Blackman published a series of papers on the growth of grasses, some in collaboration with W.G. Templeman, in Annals of Botany, 1938-39. Folder contains experimental notes and calculations on effects of nitrogen, protein, temperature and other factors on growth of grasses, with draft for paper on the subject. Some of the analysis sheets are not in Blackman's hand. Various dates, 1933-36. Work on Bluebell (Scilla non-scripta) Data, graphs, drafts, correspondence (not all in Blackman's hand). Blackman wrote a series of articles with various collaborators, under the general title 'Physiological and Ecological Studies in the Analysis of Plant Environment', published in Annals of Botany, 1946-54. Those on Scilla non-scripta were in collaboration with A.J. Rutter. Data from Yattenden Common. Data from unnamed site, some dated 1937. Comparative data on several sites, 1939-40, with 3 pp. draft for part of paper (not in Blackman's or Rutter’s hand). Data from Slough, 1938-39. Enclosed here is correspondence, 1939, exchanged with M.S. Bartlett on the statistical analysis of the data. by correspondents, are included. Data, mainly on effects of light on plant distribution, various dates, 1937-40, and some on grass competition, Includes several undated letters re experiments and data from collaborator, A.J. Rutter. Correspondence, January-April 1942, with colleagues on the distribution of Scilla non-scripta, for an account which Blackman was preparing for ‘Biological Flora of the British Isles' in J. Ecol. Blackman's notes and tables on the sub ject, and data sent G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Notes, drafts and working papers Later notes and drawings on the distribution of scilla in UK and Europe. nonscriptus by Blackman and Ruiter, J. Ecol., 1954. Perhaps for article Endymion Includes a letter from Rutter, 1953. G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Notes, drafts and working papers Work on Oil Seed Crops, 1940-45. Sunflower experiments. Oil seed data, 1941. Experiment results and calculations on linseed and sun- flowers, 1941, on various named sites, with a letter on the results, from A.J. Rutter. ‘Sunflowers Assimilation! Data of experiments numbered | under varying conditions of light intensity. - XI, testing growth Various dates, 1940-43. Sunflower data. Experiments, numbered | - XI, on assimilation rates. Various dates, 1940-43. First page contains 'Summary of data', giving dates and duration of experiments, and tabulating results. Sunflower data, on the effect of light intensity on the growth of the sunflower. Correspondence on sunflower and linseed experiments, mainly February-June 1943. The experiments were conducted at various times, 1940-43, but the tabulation was all done at a later date. Tables and calculations of experiments, mainly nos. | VII - XI of a series of twenty. - II, With farmers, suppliers and officials re arrangements for sowing, threshing and harvesting crop, supply and demonstration of strains and techniques, etc. Not indexed. Includes report on 'Flax Trials 1942-43' prepared by Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries. Correspondence with growers and suppliers re experiments on weed control in flax, January-April 1943. Work on maize (especially flint maize), 1943, Correspondence with growers and suppliers. Not indexed. Work on flax, 1942-43. Not indexed. G.E. Blackincn CSAC 79/3/81 Notes, drafts and working papers C15, 0216 Work on soya, 1941-43 (mainly 1943). Co Correspondence with growers and farmers. Not indexed. Correspondence re from Canada and USA, supplies of soya bean seed, mainly Not indexed. Miscellaneous reports by Blackman on his oi! seed research, 1941-45. C.17-C.22 were prepared for the Agricultural Research Council; C.23 was probably prepared for Imperial College. ‘Progress Report on the 1941 Linseed Experiments. ' This is referred to, and numbered as, the third progress report but the previous two have not survived. 12 pp. ‘Preliminary Report on the 1943 Sunflowers Investigation. ' 12 pp. 44, ‘The Cultivation of Flint Maize. 1943 Experiments.' 9 pp. A.R.C. 7169. 28.10.43. Progress Report on the ‘Progress Report on the 1943 Sunflower Experiments.' ati Ore 7d: Oe 25 pp. B A ‘Progress Report on the 1943 Soyabean Experiments. ! ARC, 7306. 31. 14 pp. Woodford and Bunting, 1949 (A.R.C. 11582). Agenda for A.R.C. Conference on the Cultivation of Oilseed Crops, 7 February 1945. Includes several reports by Blackman on Sunflowers, Linseed and Maize. Later report on oilseed crops (linseed, poppy) by Blackman, Probably prepared for Imperial College, ¢ 1944. ‘Annual Report.' 2 pp. n.d. G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Notes, / drafts and working papers aie een g i Pp Correspondence re various articles and advisory leaflets by Blackman on onions, sunflower seeds, weed control, etc., published in Agriculture (the journal of the Ministry of Agriculture), Poultry Farmer, eic. Includes drafts. 1941, January-April 1943. Not indexed. Miscellaneous correspondence re Blackman's research teams on oil seed crops and weed conirol, appointment of research assistants, equipment and supplies, financial estimates, etc. Mainly 1943. Not indexed. G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Notes, drafts and working papers C.26-C.38 Work on Weed Control, 1941-46. C, 26 Work on onion spraying. Data collected from various sites, 1941. Blackman published a brief paper, 'The control of weeds in onions', in Annals of Applied Biology, 1942, and also an advisory leaflet 'The control of annual weeds in onions by sulphuric acid spraying', a draft for which is included in the folder. Correspondence on weed control experiments, some 1941 and 1942, but mainly 1943, With farmers, suppliers and officials ré arrangements for spraying crops, types of chemicals and equipment, etc. Includes arrangements for a talk to be given by Blackman on B.B.C. Home Service programme 'Farming Today: Spraying for Weeds', on 22 April 1943. Not indexed. C.28-C.33 Miscellaneous reports and article by Blackman on his weed control research, 1944-45, Cees ‘Alternatives to Sulphuric Acid for the Control of Annual Weeds in Cereal Crops.' 6 pp. draft for article published with slight changes of text and title in Agriculture, April 1944. ‘Investigations on the Control of Annual Weeds by Chemical Methods. RAR CoV 2/7; ve. | ae 18 pp. Agricultural Improvement Council for England and Wales, Conference on Design of Spraying Machinery. Draft Report of Technical Sub-Committee. 4 pp. typescript with ms. annotations by Blackman. 4 pp. draft report, 22 October 1944 (2 copies). ‘Investigations on the Control of Annual Weeds by Chemical Methods. 20 pp. typescript draft, and tables, of report to A.R.C. (2 copies). Progress Reports on the 1944 Experiments. ' ‘Destruction of Vegetation by Chemicals for Tactical Purposes. ' Progress Report on the 1943 Experiments. ' G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Notes, drafts and working papers "Investigations on the Control of Weeds by Chemical Methods. A.R.C. 8491, 11.3.46. 18 pp. Progress Reports on the 1945 Experiments. ' C.34-C. 37 Miscellaneous related reports and papers. C.34 Minutes of Technical Development Committee Meeting, Ministry of Agriculture and Fisheries, 21 January 1943 (on weed control). 'The Control of Annual Weeds in Flax', 1945 of Supply note). (Ministry 'The differential effect of plant-growth substances on plant species', by Templeman et al, 1945. (on weed control experiments at Jealott's Hill). 'Use of Oi! Sprays for weed control.' paper sent to Blackman, February 1945). (Background Included here is a later report on 1948 experiments in weed control, by Blackman to A.R.C. (no. 10648). Correspondence on crop destruction arising from weed control experiments, 1944-45, G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Notes, drafts and working papers ‘Effects of density on growth and on photosynthetic efficiency.’ Extensive notes, tabulated data and graphs, many annotated by Blackman and by E.G. Brittain, 1958-60. The material covers experiments on artichoke, sunflower, snowdrop, scilla, bluebell, radish, white mustard, nasturtium, French bean, cauliflower, etc., and includes weather record for the period of the experiments. 1-91; calculations by Blackman which have been left in place. there are several additional loose pages of notes and Pages are numbered Also included is a paper or report by Blackman, 'The Application of the Concepts of Growth Analysis to the Assessment of Productivity, ' which refers to E.G. Brittain's work, 12 pp. typescript, n.d. C.40-C.42 Work on Pisum, 1960-67. C.40 *Pisum. Tabulated results of experiment on uptake of various growth substances, September 1960 (not in Blackman's hand). "Pisum experiment.' Various dates, January 1961-February 1962. Tabulated data on series of experiments on peas grown in various conditions of light and feeding, some with comments and queries by Blackman. Folder of material inscribed 'For Prof. G.E. Blackman! of 'Data and graphs for all the experiments done (on pea-seedlings) to note the effect of various hydroxylated and chlorinated derivatives of phenoxyacetic acid on the growth of epicotyl tissue.' Blackman). 'The effect of light and darkness on the uptake of C!4 2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4D) by Lemna Minor' (duckweed). Notes and experiment observations dated September 1963. Draft for paper on the subject, 23 pp. typescript (not by (Record of work by Mrs. J. Nath.) July-September 1967. G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Notes, drafts and working papers C.44, C.45 Work on growth analysis. In the UK programme, 1965-70, This formed part of the International Biological Programme Level | experiment on seasonal changes in the growth of selected species. investigations were undertaken at Oxford and at the Scottish Horticultural Research Institute, Invergowrie, into Helianthus annuus L., Phaseolus Vulgaris L., and Zea mays L. An account of the work, and of the programme as a whole, is given in 'Photosynthesis and solar energy conversion’, by Blackman and J.P. Cooper, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond. B, 274, 1976. See also D.88-D.98. "IBP Section PP - Level | Experiments, Wytham, 1968-69.' 20 pp. typescript account, with ms. comments and annotations by Blackman. Data 1968-70, with comparative tables for Oxford, Dundee, Sierra Leone and Rhodesia, and some correspondence with collaborators and colleagues. Miscellaneous reprints, either association copies, or with significant annotations and comments by Blackman. Blackman often used his own or others' published papers as the basis for future series of experiments, and also made extensive notes on the text and covers of the paper rather than in a separate notebook. specimens of his working methods. These are retained as G.E. aiackindh CSAC 79/3/81 SECTION D COMMITTEES AND CONSULTANCIES, D.1- D.202_ D.1-D.67 Biology War Committee (With an introductory note) D.68-D.86 Commonwealth Development Corporation D.87 East Malling Research Station D.88-D.98 International Biological Programme D.99-D.194 Section P.P.-P., D.88-D.92 Joint Subcommiitee on Productivity Studies of Lowland Malayan Forest, D.93-D.98 (With introductory notes) National Academy of Sciences National Research Council Committee on the Effects of Herbicides in Vietnam (With an introductory nofe) D.195-D.201 Rubber Research Institute of Malaya (With an introductory note) UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Programme G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 D.1-D.67 BIOLOGY WAR COMMITTEE Committees and Consultancies This arose from discussions during 1940 by the British Ecological Society, the Association of Applied Biologists and the Society for Experimental Biology, who formed a joint committee to enquire into wartime problems with reference to biologists and the biological sciences. After discussions with the Joint Committee of government research organisations (Agricultural Research Council, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research and Medical Research Council) the Biology War Committee was set up in 1941 to channel information and ideas for research between government and biological scientists, and to pre- pare reports or memoranda on 'any aspect of the War which is essentially biological or which has biological implications'. and scope of the Committee was published in Nature, 149, February 1942; similar, revised note appeared in Nature, 154, December 1944. these are included in D.22 as well as in the set of publications in A.15. Eorly papers, reports and correspondence relating to the negotiations leading up to the formation of the Committee, which held its first meeting on 30 October 1941, can be found in D.1-D.8. An account of the history, mernbership Copies of a Blackman's own research interests and responsibilities, undertaken The Committee owed much of its original impetus to Blackman, who at this time by teams funded by A.R.C., were for oil seed crops and for weed control. His work early in the War on weed control in onions (C.26) led to his observation and later development of 'pre-emergence spraying’, and in 1943 he made a major contribution to research on 2,4 - dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) (G .27-C.33). was its Secretary throughout its existence; see A.3 for his own references to its formation and work. projects dealing with tropical theatres of war, jects and suggestions passed through his hands; developed, but papers reloting to them are kept in an alphabetical sequence D.26-D.67. Most of the material and research relates to Britain, and the prom duction of human and animal foodstuffs, but see D.30-D.33, D.61-D.63 for As Secretary to the Committee, however, many other research pro~ not all of these were adopted or G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Committees and Consultancies Origins and history of Biology War Committee, 1940-45 Letters to W.P.K. Findlay (Secretary, Association of Applied Biologists) from scientists and colleagues re projects proposed or in hand. their wartime Includes correspondence with A.V. Hill on wartime use of biologists. December 1940-February 1941. Correspondence, January-March 1941. Re meeting of joint representatives at Maidenhead, 31 January 1941. Includes a paper ‘Applications of Biology in War', another version of which appears in D.6. Correspondence, February-March 1941. Re meetings of biological societies, and an informal dis- cussion on general purpose of proposed committee, held on 3 March. Correspondence and notes, March 1941. Re membership of proposed Joint Committee of biological societies. Correspondence, March 1941. Miscellaneous memoranda from zoological and biological societies on the use of scientists in wartime. Includes Blackman's letter to E.H.E. Havelock (A.R.C.) setting forth the purpose and proposed membership of Joint Committee (15 March), which formed the basis for discussion to set up the Biology War Committee. three biological societies. From the Association of British Zoologists (with a letter from H.R. Hewer, February 1941), ‘Memorandum on the present position of biological research’, by O.W. Richards, March 1941, presented jointly by the 'On the Utilisation of Biological Scientists in Wartime’, April 1940. ‘Applications of Biology in War! (account of January 1941 meeting, by Findlay). 'On the use of biologists in the nation's war effort', (by C.H. Waddington, February 1941). CG... Blaakihon CSAC 79/3/81 Committees and Consultancies Correspondence and notes re meeting of Joint Committee, 24 March 1941, with various drafts by Blackman for memoranda on the ‘Joint Biological War Committee’, 'The Utilization of Biologists in Wartime', 'Government Grants for Biological Research’, etc. Correspondence and papers, May-August 1941. Mainly re relations of Joint Committee with Agricultural Research Council, and meeting of its representatives with Joint Committee of Medical Research Council, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research and Agricultural Research Council, 11 July. Includes relevant section of official Minutes of meeting, and also Minutes of meeting of British Ecological Society, 12 August, which discussed the B.W.C, Correspondence and memoranda, July~November 1941, re first meeting of ‘Biological War Committee’, 30 October 1941. Includes agenda, signed list of those attending, corres~ pondence re membership, invitations to serve, and re Blackman's draft memorandum on the Committee's origin and function. Agenda and ms. Minutes of meeting of Executive Committee, 13 November 1941. Agenda and Minutes of second meeting of Committee, 4 December 1941. Includes 'Summary of present activities', outlining history of committee and projects examined in 1941. Correspondence re membership and representation, and proposed projects, October-December 1941. Commitiee meeting, 11 February 1942, Mainly re Executive Committee meeting on 14 January, at which the draft of the statement for publication in Nature was discussed. Mainly re membership, and attendance at meeting on 5 February 1942 (agenda included). Includes letter from H. Godwin, 30 January, proposing various projects for action by commitiee, and Minutes of Executive Includes Minutes of meeting and drafts of the statement with suggestions and emendations by various committee members, Correspondence and papers, January-February 1942. Correspondence and papers, January 1942. G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Committees and Consultancies Correspondence, March-May 1942. Re Meeting of Committee on 2 April, and projects proposed or in hand. Correspondence, June 1942. Re Committee meeting on 18 June; Blackman's ms. notes of the discussion are included. Also included are the Minutes of the meeting of the Executive Committee on 26 November. Correspondence, July-August 1943. Mainly re membership. Includes agenda for meeting of Executive Committee on 16 February 1943. Correspondence, September-December 1943. Mainly re membership and representatives, and re meetings of Executive Committee on 6 October (Agenda included), and of Committee on 8 December (Minutes included). Correspondence, January-February 1944, Re Meetings and projects. Miscellaneous reports, etc., 1944, Correspondence, January-September 1945. Mainly re meetings. Includes Agenda for meeting on 31 January. Blackman's 'Report on Activities during 1944'. Minutes of meeting on 3 July 1944, with drafts of proposed notice to be published in Nature with various comments and corrections. Includes agenda and papers. Re Executive Committee meeting on 24 October, and Committee meeting on 20 November, at which the future role of the committee was discussed. Correspondence, October-November 1945, G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Committees and Consultancies Miscellaneous papers on organisation of postwar agricultural science, 1945, Carbon of Blackman's letter on postwar farming, 9 pp., March 1945 (no addressee given). Note by Blackman on afforestation, perhaps for contribution to a discussion meeting, c 1945. Proposal for the founding of an Institute of Biology, by J.F. Danielli, heavily annotated by Blackman, Memorandum on 'Wild Life Conservation and Ecological Research from the National Standpoint', n.d. and probably not by Blackman, but annotated by him. Also included here are copies of the reports on the Biology War Committee published in Nature, 1942 and 1944, Financial correspondence, November 1941-February 1942. Mainly re request to the Royal Society for financial support for the Biology War Committee. (A grant of £100 was made.) Miscellaneous financial correspondence, July 1943-March 1944, Mainly re financial support from Agricultural Research Council, payment of expenses, etc., chiefly with the Commitiee Treasurer, J. Hammond. Includes a table of meetings held and those attending. Correspondence and papers, January-June 1942, Mainly with heads of university departments, and with officials, re recruitment of biologists and zoologists for various surveys and projects. G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Committees and Consultancies D.26-D.67 Projects investigated or reported on by the Biology War Committee These are presented, for ease of reference, in an alphabetical sequence. The material varies from a brief exchange of correspondence to a more extensive project (including reports, committee papers, etc.) such as those on 'Living in the Jungle' (D.30-D.33), the survey of Rhamnus frangula (D.40, D.41) and of the Spindle Tree (D.44-D.59), and swimming in tropical waters (D.61-D. 63). Some of the correspondence contains references to other war- time projects on which Blackman or his colleagues were involved. D.26 Aerodrome turfing and camouflage. Correspondence, brief reports. 1941-42 Agar, and agar substitutes from sea-weed. Extended correspondence, surveys, reports, committee papers, See also Vegetable Drugs, D.64. Correspondence. Juniper, Brief correspondence. Horse chestnuts (for production of aesculin), 1941-42 ‘Living in the Jungle’, This was a Service Manual, produced by the Biology War Committee; on Activities during 1944' (D.19) as follows: its history is described by Blackman in his ‘Report Continued "Service Manual 'Living in the Jungle'. During most of 1943 the Committee endeavoured without success to interest a number of Service Departments in the usefulness of a pocket size book- let giving information on how 'to live in the country' on the South East Asia front. It was considered that such a booklet would be of especial use to both air crews making forced landings and troops operating behind the enemies! lines. Inter Services Research Bureau at the beginning of 1944 that plans were made for the immediate production of the booklet. It was not however until contact was established with the D.30-D.33 G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Committees and Consultancies D.30-D.33 (continued) Subsequently discussion also took place with the Director of Army Hygiene (A.M.D.5) and the final form of the booklet agreed. For the preparation of the booklet a sub-committee was set up to collect and collate information on a wide range of subjects including the fauna, the flora (particu- larly the common edible wild and cultivated plants and principal poisonous plants), insects, pests, diseases, native customs, methods of food preparation and jungle craft. Besides consulting individual biologists, foresters and doctors with an expert knowledge of the area, contact was also made with travellers and serving officers with personal experience of local conditions. In addition collateral information on the New Guinea front was obtained from the Australian Army Staff at Australia House. The final draft of the booklet was completed by July and in consultation with the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, special drawings were prepared to illustrate the chief food and poisonous plants. The native names of these species were provided by the School of Oriental Languages. The booklet, as produced by the War Office Section Copy of booklet as published. Correspondence re booklet, 1944-45. Miscellaneous drafts and corrected proofs of booklet, all with ms. corrections by Blackman. of the Stationery Office, consists of 50 pages (7" x 4.25") and 44 text figures. On the basis of information obtained by the Committee from the Ministry of Supply, it was printed on long fibre paper of the type specified for use in the field under tropical conditions." D.M. Newitt (congratulations on booklet) A.W. Darnell (illustrator, re drawings for booklet) W.H. Burkill P.A. Buxton H.G. Champion W.P.K. Findlay (includes comments on booklet) J.S. Huxley (Blackman's carbon only) C. Elton J.W. Munn G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Committees and Consultancies A.G. Ogston C.F.A. Pantin P. Richards H.T. Tizard (Blackman's carbon only) G.M. Vevers J.Z. Young S. Zuckerman 1942, 1944 Mosquitos in static water. Correspondence, press~cuttings. Mussels. Correspondence, two memoranda by Pantin, Waddington and another. Nicotine (see also D.39). Correspondence. Peat. Plankton. (Alder buckthorn) 19 1942 1942 Plant Insecticides. Extended correspondence and reports. Correspondence, memorandum on the subject by N. Polunin. Correspondence, memorandum from Biology War Committee ‘On the Exploitation of British Peat Deposits in Wartime’. and Wales', 96 pp. The Biology War Committee presented a Memorandum on 'R. frangula as a source of charcoal for munitions', to the Joint Committee of government research organisations in August 1941, as a result of which a survey of the distribution of the species was commissioned (November 1941). Correspondence and memoranda (by Blackman and H. Godwin). Copy of "Report on supplies of Alder Buckthorn in England Git. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Committees and Consultancies Rooks. Correspondence. Rose hips. Correspondence and reports. 1941, 1945 The Spindle Tree (Euonymus europaeus). 1944-45 This project is described by Blackman in his 'Report on Activities during 1944' (D.19) as follows: At the request of the Agricultural Research "The Distribution of the Spindle Tree (Euonymus europaeus) in Great Britain, Council the Committee agreed to formulate plans to obtain further information on the distribution and ecology of the spindle tree in Great Britain. by the Council, included two main projects (a) to institute a general enquiry of biologists asking for observations and records of distribution botanical departments for random transects to be examined in detail by teams of trained observers. to arrange through university The final proposals, sanctioned (6) For the general survey, a questionnaire was drawn up and In drawing up a scheme for detailed random transects the printed and some 1000 copies were sent out to the botanical members of the Association of Applied Biologists, the British Ecological Society, the Botanical Exchange Club and the Linnaean Society. gratifying but the four hundred answers have required much sifting since replies were also received from laymen and school- boys due to unwanted and unauthorized press and B.B.C. publicity. The response to the appeal was extremely information." Statistical Section of the Ministry of Supply Timber Control was consulted in view of the survey that had already been under- taken to estimate hedgerow timber by random sampling. — In consequence a narrow random transect (1000 x 50 yds.) was adopted as standard running due North and South along the long axis; ordnance maps before reaching the area. Altogether some 93 such transects were examined by teams from Imperial College, Portsmouth, Cardiff and Swansea. transects covered only two main areas - South Wales and the counties of Berks, Bucks and Hants. been completed owing to the amount of work involved in collating and correlating the large but diffuse volume of By the end of 1944 a final report on the survey had not the position of the transect being chosen at random on The distribution of the G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Committees and Consultancies Drafts and text of proposal for the survey, and of a questionnaire for wide circulation among members of botanical societies, describing the purpose and methods of the survey. Draft letter to professors and heads of departments of botany, requesting co-operation. 2 pp. note of methods and procedure to be followed in conducting trial sample. June 1944, Draft of 'Report on Spindle survey in Middle Thames Valley, Western Chilterns, Berkshire Downs, Vale of White Horse, Cotswolds and Salisbury Plain areas' by L.E. Hawker. 4 pp. typescript + 20 pp. ms. Brief correspondence re report, 1945. D.46-D.59 Correspondence, data and diagrams on the distribution of the spindle tree, received from professional and amateur botanists, members of local natural history societies, schools, and from the general public. quantity and in sophistication of detail. The information varies in Not indexed. Cambridgeshire Bedfordshire Berkshire Cheshire Cornwal] Buckinghamshire Kent Gloucestershire Devon Dorset Hertfordshire Isle of Wight Derbyshire Essex Hampshire Herefordshire G.E. Blackmon CSAC 79/3/81 Committees and Consultancies Lancashire Lincolnshire London Counties Norfolk Northamptonshire Northern Counties (Cumberland, Durham, Northumberland, Nottinghamshire Westmorland) Oxfordshire Salop Somerset Suffolk Surrey Sussex Warwickshire Wiltshire Yorkshire lreland Scotland Wales Worcestershire Information on two or more areas Correspondence. Storage of Tomatoes. G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Committees and Consultancies D.61-D.63 ‘The Dangers of Swimming in Tropical Waters.' This project is described by Blackman in his 'Report on Activities during 1944' (D.19) as follows: "Memorandum on the Dangers of Swimming in Tropical Waters. The Committee was asked by the Inter Services Research Bureau to provide information on the potential dangers likely to be encountered by midget submarine crews and swimmers on operational missions in tropical waters, i.e. in an area stretching from the Indian Ocean through the East Indies to Australian seas. As the matter was considered highly secret, enquiries were The same procedure was handled by the Executive Committee. adopted as in the case of the 'jungle' booklet. The principal marine biologists with knowledge or experience of tropical! and subtropical waters, resident in Great Britain, were consulted, together with other biologists and doctors who had a first hand knowledge of these regions. The main sources of information included several departments of the Natural History Museum, University Departments at Aberdeen, Aberystwyth, Cambridge, Glasgow, Imperial College and Manchester Universities, the Marine Biological Station, Plymouth and the Australian Army Staff. corals and (d) being trapped by giant clams. For some «ssess the degree of danger, (c) poisonous stings jelly fish, (ii) stone fish, (iii) cone shells, In addition recommendations were made as to the equipment As a result of the enquiries it was possible to classify in the subsequent memorandum the main dangers into (a) attack by sharks and other predatory fishes, (e.g. barracoutar), moray eels and gropers, (b) crocodiles, from species of (i) (iv) of the risks it was also possible (a) to (b) to indicate the distribution of the various species and (c) to define the areas or conditions where or when the potential dangers were greatest. on the draft and published versions, etc, of the 'swimmers' (e.g. type of footwear, etc.), the treatment of wounds and poisonous stings, and possible means of minimising shark attack apart from the 'repellants' developed by the Americans and tested in the Caribbean." or in the set of Blackman's publications, contain correspondence with colleagues and advisers on various matters to be included, information and reco!lections, comments The folders below No copy of the Memorandum survives with the manuscripts G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Committees and Consultancies F.B.R. Brown W.H. Burkill P.A. Buxton H. Godwin (Blackman's carbon only) A.C. Hardy E. Hindle F. Wood Jones S. Kemp O. Lowenstein F.A. Mitchell-Hedges C.F.A. Pantin P. Richards E.S. Russell R.B. Seymour Sewell M. Smith T.A. Stephenson J.R.le B. Tomlin G.M. Vevers E.B. Worthington C.M. Yonge Vegetable drugs. Correspondence, official circulars and pamphlets, notes and data, drafts and comments for Biology War Committee's 'Memorandum on the Production of Medicinal Plants in Great Britain', and on other research on the subject. Not indexed, Includes some Minutes of Meetings of Vegetable Drugs Committee of the Ministries of Health and Supply, 1943-45, Warble fly (Derris substitutes). Shorter enquiries and general correspondence re Biology War Committee. = itte Correspondence and papers. Correspondence. 1941, O41, 1942 2 Wireworms. 1941-42 G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 D.68-D.86 COMMONWEALTH DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION, 1969-77 Committees and Consultancies Blackman served as Chairman of the Panel of Scientific Advisers. Photocopies of papers, reports and correspondence sent to Blackman for information, and formal covering letters from secretaries or officials, are not indexed. D.68 28th Meeting, 3 July 1969. Annotated Minutes, correspondence with Secretary re rice growing. 2th Meeting, 6 July 1970. Agenda, Chairman's briefing notes, Minutes. Background papers for 29th Meeting, all annotated by Blackman. 30th Meeting, 1 July 1971. 31st Meeting, 28 September 1972. Background papers for 30th Meeting, all annotated by Blackman. Agenda, Chairman's briefing notes, Minutes and corres- pondence arising. Correspondence on oil palm yields, November-December 1971, comment by Blackman on report by E.A. Rosenquist on oil palm yields. by Blackman, Agenda, Minutes, correspondence. chaired by E.W. Russell in Blackman's absence.) (The Meeting was Background papers for 31st Meeting. 32nd Meeting, 26 July 1973. Agenda, Chairman's briefing notes, Minutes. Background papers for 32nd Meeting, all heavily annotated G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Committees and Consultancies 33rd Meeting, 7 August 1974. Agenda, Chairman's briefing notes, draft and final version of Minutes incorporating Blackman's revisions. Included here are 'Notes on Agricultural Projects 1973-74' and ms. and typescript versions of Blackman's report on ‘Points of interest arising from VA visits' which was paper 236/74 at Meeting. Correspondence and reports on growth rates of pines in Swaziland, 1970-75 (discussed at meeting). Background papers for 33rd Meeting, many annotated by Blackman. 34th Meeting, 2 July 1975. Agenda, Chairman's briefing notes, draft and finalised Minutes incorporating Blackman's revisions, corres- pondence re pine growth. Background papers for 34th Meeting, many annotated by Blackman. 35th Meeting, 21 July 1976. Agenda, Chairman's briefing notes, heavily annotated Minutes. Correspondence, 1976-77 on various projects proposed or under way. 36th Meeting, 20 July 1977. Agenda, Chairman's briefing notes, Minutes of Meeting. Background papers for 35th Meeting, most heavily annotated by Blackman. Blackman. Background papers for 36th Meeting, most annotated by G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Committees and Consultancies EAST MALLING RESEARCH STATION, KENT Blackman served for many years as Oxford University representative on the Governing Body; he resigned in November 1977. The folder relates mainly to the appointment of a Director to succeed Professor A.F. Posnette (Blackman served on the Appointment Panel 1977-78); it also includes correspondence re his resignation from the Governing Body, and a set of Minutes of the Executive Committee for 8 March 1978 at which he took the Chair. G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Committees and Consultancies D.88-D.98 INTERNATIONAL BIOLOGICAL PROGRAMME (1.B.P.) The International Biological Programme was established by the International Council of Scientific Unions in 1964; the Programme, which was co-ordinated through a series of seven sections, terminated in June 1974. A series of synthesis volumes incorporating the results of national and inter- national activities was published by Cambridge University Press. The 1.B.P. Adhering Organisation in Britain was the Royal Society; the Chairman of the British National Committee for 1.B.P. was A.R. Clapham. Blackman was Chairman of Section P.P. (Production Processes), which was sub- divided into P.P.-P. (Photosynthetic Activity and Solar Energy Conversion) and P.P.-N. (Biological Fixation of Nitrogen). D.88 - D.92 refer to correspondence and final report on Section See C.44, C.45 for material related to the 'Level !' experiment on seasonal changes conducted under Section P.P.-P. In addition to his Sectional! Chairmanship, Blackman sat on various Lowland Malayan Forest. 1.B.P. Programme, notably the Joint Subcommittee on Productivity Studies of Subcommittees and ad hoc Committees set up to deal with specific aspects of the D.93 - D.98 refer to this project. G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Committees and Consultancies D.88-D.92 Section P.P.-P. At its meeting on 15 February 1974, The British National Com- mittee for 1.B.P, recommended that a two-day Discussion Meeting should be held at the Royal Society devoted to 'A Review of the U.K. contribution to 1.B.P.", and that in addition to the publication of the Discussion Meeting papers in the Society's Proceedings or Transactions the possibility should be explored of publishing a paperback book giving an account of U.K. projects and achievements for 1.B.P. The proposed paperback would contain chapters on the seven sections for 1.B.P. and the overseas projects; this proposal was not completed, and the preparation of papers and accompanying bibliographies for the Discussion Meeting, which was held on 21-22 May 1975, became the main concern of those involved. At the Discussion Meeting, Blackman presented a joint paper on 'Photosynthesis and Solar Energy Conversion! subsequently published in Phil. Tans.Roy.Soc. his co-author, J.P. Cooper, was Chief Editor of the corresponding synthesis volume in the published series. Lond, B. 274 (1976); I \ Pe It includes some information about research, etc. The material includes correspondence with colleagues and with the Royal Society re the assembling of data, the writing and presentation of the paper at the Discussion Meeting, and also various drafts and amendments, references to work in progress and/or undertaken for I.B.P., the compilation of bibliographies, etc. which had to be omiited from the highly-condensed joint paper. 1975 paper). Miscellaneous drafts, bibliographies, etc. for paper, Minutes of Meetings of 1.B.P. committees during the period when the Discussion Meeting and publication were recommended, Report of U.K. contribution to I.B.P. 1970 (Section heavily annotated by Blackman and used as a basis for Correspondence with colleagues, October 1974-June 1975. Correspondence with colleagues, January-July 1974. G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Committees and Consultancies Miscellaneous drafis and final version of Blackman's report on Production Processes research in UK, 1970-72. Correspondence, 1971, re meetings. 1.B.P. conferences and Minutes of Production Processes Subcommittee, December 1971 (annotated by Blackman). G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Committees and Consultancies D.93-D.98 Joint Subcommittee on Productivity Studies of Lowland Malayan Forest Blackman was a member of the Subcommittee, which was set up on 7 March 1966. It was eventually agreed to implement a research project in Pasoh Forest Reserve 'to determine rates of energy flow and biogeochemical cycles against a background of biomass evaluations together with an investigation of the water economy, and to establish a frame of reference in terms of gross climatic measurement and pedological studies’. cription of the project.) (See D.97 for a fuller des- Those participating were the Royal Society (for U.K. icour.), the University of Malaya and the Malaysian Government, and the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science. Blackman visited Japan and Malaya in December 1969 to assist in completing the research plans and agreement (D 96). The Director (part-time) was J.A. Bullock (Head, Ecology Unit, Many of the letters bear notes or School of Biological Sciences, University of Malaya); T. Kira (Professor of Biology, Osaka City University) led the Japanese team; the field survey was initiated by P.S. Ashton (Department of Botany, Aberdeen University). The correspondence (D.95, D.97) refers to meetings, appoint- ments, research projects, equipment, reports, and sometimes includes photo~ copied material and letters circulated by the Royal Society to Subcommittee members and other interested parties. comments by Blackman, annotated by Blackman. A final synthesis meeting was held at Kuala Lumpur, 12-18 August 1974, at which reports on the project were presented (D.98). D.93 Minutes of meeting of British National Committee's Sub- committee on Productivity Studies of Lowland Malayan Forest, 15 March 1967, Papers include various research proposals, all heavily G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Committees and Consultancies Draft proposals for research in Pasoh Forest Reserve, very heavily annotated and with several loose pages of notes and comments by Blackman. Correspondence with colleagues, September-December 1969. Blackman's visit to Tokyo and Kuala Lumpur, December 1969. Includes programme of visit, note on Japanese |.B.P. research projects in Southeast Asia, draft co-operative agreement (both annotated by Blackman), extensive ms. notes by Blackman on discussions, projects and agree- ments, and an annotated copy of Blackman's report (1 January 1970) on his visit, as submitted to the Sub- committee. Correspondence and papers, January-September 1970. Includes Minutes of Subcommittee, 4 January 1970, which give a useful summary of the project to date, and at which Blackman's report was received and discussed; on the project as at August 1970 by P.S. Ashton, and schedules of visits by Blackman in August and September 1970. a report Also included is a copy of a note on the study for publication in The Biosphere, July 1970. Reports on research projects in Pasoh Forest Reserve, presented at 1.B.P. Synthesis Meeting held at Kuala Lumpur, 12-18 August 1974. G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Committees and Consultancies D.99-D.194 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES National Research Council Committee on the Effects of Herbicides in Vietnam, 1971-74 Outline Summary of contents D.99 - D.103 Background information and schedules Bibliographies D.104-D.190 Correspondence, data and reports, 1971-74 D.191-D.194 Published Reports and Working Papers The Committee was appointed by the National Academy of Sciences (N.A.S.) under contract from the Department of Defense, 'to conduct a comprehensive study and investigation to determine A the ecological and physiological dangers inherent in the use of herbicides, and B the ecological and physiological effects of the defoliation programme carried out by the Department of Defense in South Vietnam’. A 17-member committee, with additional professional staff and Report was transmitted by N.A.S, to the Department and to Congress in course of the study. The Chairman of the committee was Anton Lang, and the Staff Officer (Organising Secretary) was Philip Ross. The committee's Summary library research; some 1500 man-days were spent in South Vietnam during the 30 consultants, carried out the study, which included field, laboratory and aspects of the committee's work. his main responsibilities, in collaboration with J.D. Fryer, were to study the Blackman also contributed to the report a section on the history of herbicides. The material listed here therefore relates primarily only to those persistence of herbicides in soils and their effects on soil fertility, and the effects of herbicides on vegetation with emphasis on the inland and mangrove Blackman was appointed to the committee in July 1971 (D.107); February 1974. forests. G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Committees and Consultancies In addition to the Summary Report, 'The Effects of Herbicides in South Vietnam, Part A - Summary and Conclusions‘, the committee published as Part B a series of Working Papers as documentation. These include 'An Historical Survey of the Development of Herbicides', by Blackman, 'Use of Herbicides in Tropics and Subtropics', by J.D. Fryer, and ‘Persistence and Disappearance of Herbicides in Tropical Soils', by Blackman, Fryer, Lang and Newton, The work of the committee, and the presentation of its interim and final reports and working papers, involved much correspondence and circulation of drafts, comments, revisions and amendments among members of the committee and its secretariat and with the Report Review Panel. D.102, D.103 contain useful background information, including various schedules for sections of the report, their authors and reviewers. Blackman was among the reviewers of several sections or chapters and the material includes his comments and annotations on them. The main body of the material is a chronological sequence (D.104- of meetings, etc. The material for 1971 concerns 'Phase I', the planning of ments of exception’ to the final report; by drafts, comments and revisions for various sections of the final report and are carbon or photocopies sent to or received from colleagues involved in the experiments and projects; in 1972 the main experimental work was conducted, tive urgency of the committee's work. It should be noted that some of the letters working papers. The latter have been left in sequence and convey the cumula- results assembled and draft papers compiled; 1973 and early 1974 were dominated D.190) which includes correspondence, data, drafts, reports, comments, notes selected material from the report was reflecting the disquiet and public concern which had prompted Congress to authorise its appointment in the first place. and by the Report Review Panel and were the subject of intensive discussions, re-checking and inspections, and three members of the committee added 'state~ were raised; certain of the committee's findings - notably the appraisal of damage to inland forests - were challenged by some members of the committee Questions and allegations of bias various sections. The later stages of the Committee's work were scarred by episodes G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Committees and Consultancies ‘leaked’ and became the subject of a news story and public discussion before its formal release by Congress. The News Report of the National Academy of Sciences, March-April 1974, which is included in D.103 and is largely devoted to the committee's work and report, contains a summary of its findings, an editorial comment on the 'wrenching cricitism' to which it was subject, and a 'Statement' from the President of N.A.S. which 'tenders a sincere apology to the Committee, and their associates in this endeavor. It is deeply regretted that their scientific accomplishments have been improperly denigrated and that their contribution to the commonweal has been unfortunately lessened thereby’. D.99-D.103 Background Information D.99 Bibliography. One box. Includes: Ring-back volume of 'Reference Collection' issued October 1971. Miscellaneous additional lists of items to be added to Reference Collection, or copies of documents circulated to members of committee. Bibliography. One box. includes: Volume of reports and information of an N.A.S./ N.R.C. Conference held at the Dow Chemical Company, Michigan, 6 October 1972. Volume of computerised data showing soils, areas, spray frequencies, etc. in Vietnam. Miscellaneous reports, articles, newspaper stories sent as background information. and report of the Committee, Background information re objectives, schedule of activities, nomenclature of vegetation types and Vietnamese provinces, names of consultants, etc. Included here is a copy of the News Report of the N.A.S. March-April 1974, which is largely devoted to the work Background information re authors, revisers, timetable for production of final report, etc. the Committee, schedules of Mainly 1973. Reports, articles, etc. annotated by Blackman. the Committee, its history, Mainly 1971. G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Committees and Consultancies D.104-D.190 Correspondence, data and reports, 1971-74 D.104- D.106 D.104 D.105 Preliminary Surveys and Reports, written for or drawn upon by the committee. ‘Report of the Advisory Committee on 2,4,5-T', by J.G. Wilson, 7 May 1971. ‘Baselines and questions', by A. Lang and P. Ross, n.d. ‘An Outline of Studies for the Committee of the National Academy of Sciences', by P. Kunstadter, n.d. "Research Recommendations for Commiitee on the Effects of Herbicides in Vietnam', by J. Ewel, 10 July 1971. ‘Synopsis Based on Committee Meeting in duly’, W971 Correspondence, March-September 1971. With Chairman, President, N.A.S. and others, re invitation to Blackman to serve on Planning of Phase | Committee (to formulate plan of study) and on later stages of Committee's work, and re meeting at Washington, 4-6 August 1971. Report on Phase | of Committee, 8 December 1970- 31 August 1971, prepared on the basis of the August meeting, by P. Ross, dated 26 August 1971. With ms. annotations by Blackman, The report schedules visits by the Committee to Thailand (29 September-3 October) and Vietnam (4 October- 1 November); folders D.109-D.118 deal with background information and arrangements for these visits, leading up to the meeting of the Committee at Puerto Rico, 19-21 November (D.119). 31 August 1971. Letter, and reports on herbicide trials on mangrove in Sierra Leone (1957), sent to P. Ross by Blackman after August meeting. Correspondence and data re spraying in Malaya during the Emergency (1950s). August 1971. Correspondence re arrangements for bringing soil samples from Vietnam for Blackman's and Fryer's project on residual herbicides. and types of the proposed samples. This gives full details of the number, depth August-September 1971. residual effects of herbicide G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Committees and Consultancies Correspondence and notes on defoliation of Hevea in Malaya, August-September 1978. Miscellaneous correspondence with colleagues re pesticides and rehabilitation, August-September 1971. Blackman's ms. notes (5 pp.), mainly on mangrove sites seen on visit to Vietnam, and typescript itinerary of field trip to Rung Sat Special Zone, October 1971. "Herbicide residues in soil. Visit to Thailand and Vietnam - September 28th to October 13th 1971.' Report by Fryer on visit, prepared for the Agricultural Research Council, November 1971, with a contribution 'Visit to forest sites' by Blackman, and ams. note by Blackman on the cover 'Initial Report - Herbicide Persistency'. 2 typescript reports on Vietnam, no author. ‘Agricultural Studies', 3 pp., November 1971. 'The persistency of herbicides under agricultural conditions in South Vietnam', 4 pp., with ms. annotations by Blackman. Correspondence and papers re history of discovery and development of 2,4-D, October 1971. See A.3, D.146, D.190 for further material on the history and development of 2,4-D. Correspondence with J. Turner re defoliation of eucalyptus, November 1971. Includes photographs and report of defoliation tests in Thailand, 1964-65, sent to Blackman by C.E. Minarik, November 1971. A. Lang and P. Ross. Meeting of Committee, Puerto Rico, 19-21 November 1971. Programme of work, background papers, incl uding Blackman's paper 'Phase I. October 1971. Visit of Committee to Vietnam’, Interim Report, December 1970-December 1971, by G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Committees and Consultancies ‘Proposed Plan for Plant Pathological Research’, Prepared by E.A. Curl for M.S. Meselson (Chairman, A.A.A.S. Herbicide Assessment Commission), and circulated for comment; with 4 pp. typescript report on plan (unfavourable) by Blackman, and correspondence (Blackman's carbons only), December 1971. Correspondence re in Vietnam, December 1971-February 1972. possible effects of herbicides on births Correspondence re _ supplies of herbicide for experiments, and re December 1971. field trip » scheduled for January 1972, Miscellaneous letters by Blackman re_ possible co-operative projects for research on herbicides in mangrove plantations. These projects were superseded by later plans and did not develop. January-February 1972. (Blackman's carbons only.) "Plans and Accomplishments of Reconnaissance Stage. ' P g Brief report to committee members, by P. Ross. 3 research studies: Planning of research project on herbicide residues for agents 'Orange' and 'White' in forest and mangrove soil. January-February 1972. ‘Preliminary record of an experiment at Los Banos, Philippines', by J.D. Fryer, January 1972. ‘Preliminary proposals for studies on the persistence of herbicides in forest and mangrove soil', by Fryer and Blackman, with ms. annotations, n.d. February 1972. ‘Experimental procedures for sampling and determination of residues’, by Blackman, with ms. annotations, G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Committees and Consultancies Correspondence and reports, February 1972. Re planning and time-tabling of project and especially re_ testing of samples. Includes: Report by R.J. Hance on choice of institute for residue analyses. by the Huntingdon Research Institute, Huntingdon, England. The work was undertaken Blackman's report of his visit to CORDS (Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development Support) on 29 January, 4 pp. typescript. Correspondence re February 1972. 'Potential Sources of Bias', See also D.148. Instructions, data and correspondence on experimental sprayed plots for upland crops and rice paddies in the Philippines, February~June 1972. (Other correspondence on this project occurs elsewhere in the chronological sequence.) Correspondence and estimates re analyses of herbicide residues to be undertaken by Huntingdon Research Institute; includes notes on costs and conditions, methods of shipping, etc. March-April 1972. With later ms. notes and data by Blackman, 1972, (Copies of these notes and maps are often included as guides with later data on experiments. ) Letter to Blackman from A. Lang re projects, with attached plans and charts showing sites and samplings of mangroves, and map of area with sites marked, 30 March on ‘Mangrove Expts. April 6-7'. Includes report and letter by P-H. Hd, circulated te committee members, Report on mangrove ground spray, at Vung Tau, by M. Newton, 17 March 1972. Memorandum and data on ‘Evaluation of crops planted for bioassay of herbicides', by M. Newton, 10 March 1972. Report on aerial spray, Vung Tau, by F.H. Tschirley, 19 March 1972, Correspondence and papers, April 1972. a ° ° 'Work plan' for forest defoliation study, n.d. Also included here is a 4 pp. ms. draft report by Blackman rif. eth nan CSAC 79/3/81 Committees and Consultancies Ring-binder of reports, mainly on forested areas of Vietnam, by: B. Flamm, W.B. Drew P-H. Ho P.W. Richards April 1968 and June 1970 March 1972 March 1972 April 1972 F.H. Tschirley April 1972, with comments by Blackman and W.B. Drew All these reports bear extensive ms. notes and under~ scorings by Blackman. See D.135 for further correspondence with F.H. Tschirley. Correspondence and papers, May 1972. Includes draft plans for 'human effects' studies; copies, each differently annotated, of letter from M. Newton, 19 May, reporting on progress on projects in Vietnam and the Philippines. two ‘Investigations in VN Upland Forests..! Report by F.H. Tschirley, heavily annotated by Blackman, with copy of his 'Comments on Report', and correspondence May-June 1972 on effects of defoliation on tree flowering and fruiting and on fire hazard in forests. See D.133. Correspondence and papers, June 1972. Includes data, lists of samples at different dates, comments on research in progress and projected. Correspondence and papers, July 1972. Includes lists of samples, and report by Blackman on proposals for research projects by P. Kunstadter and R.S. Desowitz (on mangroves). Includes lists of samples. Blackman's letter to P. Richards of 24 July refers to his having laid down some additional 'micro plots' for testing earlier experimental results which suggested little differ- ence in establishment of mangroves between sprayed and control plots. This 'micro plot' experiment is frequently referred to in subsequent correspondence. August 1972, g , Correspondence and papers, Poy P G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Committees and Consultancies Correspondence and papers, September 1972. Includes data. Correspondence and papers, October 1972. Includes data and report by Blackman on ‘Survival of planted mangrove seedlings in the cleared mangrove experiment at Chilinh, Vung Tau!. ‘Report to the Committee on the Effects of Herbicides in Vietnam', by H.T. Odum. Presented at the meeting of the Committee at Seattle, 7-9 September 1972; data and information. with requests by Odum for additional Heavily annotated by Blackman, and with a copy of his letter to Odum on the subject, and on the 'micro plot' experiment at Vung Tau, 31 October 1972. Correspondence and papers, November 1972. Includes report on 'Observation of Micro plots', November, no author, heavily annotated by Blackman. (Probably by H3.) 15 Includes Blackman's note on state of experiment, October 1972, a further report, January 1973, and notes for other reports. Most of the data are in Blackman's hand, but there are also notes and reports by Lang and H6. Correspondence and papers, January 1973. Correspondence and papers, December 1972. Includes some discussion of content, presentation and reviewing of sections of the final report. Data sheets, experimental results, etc., relating to cleared mangrove experiment at Chilinh, Vung Tau, and especially to the 'micro plot' experiment. | Various dates, 1972-73. toxicity in tropical soils, heavily annotated by Blackman, n.d. Includes first draft of J.D. Fryer's chapter 'Uses of Herbicides in Tropics and Sub-Tropics', with ms. annotations by Blackman, Lang's outline of Chapter III, ‘Herbicide Persistence and Disappearance in Tropical Soils', corres= pondence and data on soil analyses. Included here is a draft of a paper on the disappearance of G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Commiitees and Consultancies Correspondence, January-February 1973. With various colleagues, on the history of herbicides, and especially work on 2,4-D in Britain and America in Second World War. See also A.3, D.117, D.190. 'Residues of Picloram and 2, 4,5-T in Asian soil sprayed with agents White or Orange. ' Draft report prepared for committee by Huntingdon Research Centre, and dated 3 January 1973. With many ms. annotations by Blackman. Inctudes a letter enclosing corrected pages, April 1973. A copy of the final report is included with the reports and working papers in D.194. Correspondence and papers, February 1973. Includes correspondence with the President, National Academy of Sciences requesting further information on ‘potential sources of bias’. See also D.127. Correspondence and data on soil analyses. Correspondence and papers, February 1973. Re draft paper on acrostichum by W.B. Drew. Arrangements for meeting at Miami io review Final Report. ’ Includes various earlier reports and correspondence by Drew (July-September 1972), but not the draft or Blackman's annotations. lncludes photocopy of paper, heavily annotated by Blackman. Re draft paper, 'Research Relating to Military Tactical Use of Herbicides’, by F.H. Tschirley. Drafts of Blackman's section, 'A Historical Survey of the Development of Herbicides’. First draft with ms. comments by J.D. Fryer. 1 p. letter of comment from F.H. Tschirley. Second draft sent to P. Ross, 26 February 1973. Correspondence and papers, February 1973. G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Committees and Consultancies Correspondence and papers, February-April 1973. Re draft paper, ‘Biotic Effects', by G.D. Murfin. Includes photocopy of paper, heavily annotated and revised by Blackman, and a copy of his report of his visit to CORDS (Civil Operations and Revolutionary Development Support) in January 1972 to which he refers in the correspondence with Murfin. included in D.127. Another copy is Correspondence and data, March 1973. Continuing correspondence on sampling data for herbicide residues in Vietnam and Thailand sites. Includes tables of findings, and reports. Correspondence and papers, March 1973. Includes final draft of Fryer's paper 'Uses of Herbicides in Tropics and Sub-Tropics', with two letters of comment by Blackman, and second draft of Fryer's paper, ‘Biological, physical and chemical characteristics of herbicides used in Vietnam', with a few ms. annotations by Blackman. Correspondence and papers, March 1973. Re draft paper 'Successional trends' by P.W. Richards. Includes copy of draft. Correspondence and papers, March 1973. Correspondence and papers, March 1973. Includes photocopy of paper, heavily annotated by Blackman, Correspondence and papers, March 1973. Re draft paper 'Effects on Vegetation' by P. Ross. Re draft paper, ‘Military Herbicide Operational Procedures and Policies in the Republic of Vietnam', by P. Ross, Includes photocopy of paper, annotated by Blackman. Re draft paper, 'The Ecological Role of Bamboos in Relation to the Military Use of Herbicides on Forests of the Republic of Vietnam’, by W.B. Drew. Includes comments on above paper by J.D. Fryer and a photocopy of the paper, heavily annotated by Blackman. G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Committees and Consultancies Correspondence and papers, March 1973. Re memorandum, 'Airphoto Studies of the Rung Sat', by C.P. Weatherspoon and A.E. Krusinger. Includes copy of memorandum. Photocopy of revised version of paper, ‘Biological, Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Herbicides used in Vietnam', by J.D. Fryer, incorporating comments, 1] April 1973. Correspondence and papers, April 1973. Continuing correspondence on data for micro-plot mangrove experiment and survival rate of mangroves. Includes copies of 3 letters on subject from Blackman to Lang, and ms. notes and calculations by Blackman. Correspondence and papers, May 1973. Includes continuing correspondence and data on micro-plot experiment; miscellaneous data and results of soil analyses; comments on Blackman's paper, ‘Historical Survey of the Development of Herbicides', by P. Kunstadter; photocopy of letter and comment by P-H. H6. D.163-D.169 Meeting in Washington, 9-11 June 1973. Material assembled for the meeting, one box, as follows: Bound volume of 'Review Comments' by members of committee and by members of Report Review Panel. At this meeting the draft Report was discussed, in relation to comments by committee members and by members of the Report Review Panel. note 'Revised June 9/73'. Sections of draft report, bound or tagged together, all with comments by Blackman, Comments by P-H. H6 on Effects of Defoliation in Inland Forest (very critical of draft report). Photocopy of Blackman's ms. notes on the draft report. Comments by P. Kunstadter on draft report (additional to those included in bound volume above). Revised drafts of Chapter VII, ‘Effects on humans’. with a G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Committees and Consultancies Correspondence and papers, June 1973. Includes two papers by P. Kunstadter, 'Chemical Analyses of Samples from Mangrove Communities’ and ‘Recommendations for action’ (annotated by Blackman); comments by J.D. Fryer and Blackman on paper, 'General considerations of the disappearance of herbicides applied to the soil in Vietnam and similar environments', by A. Lang, with a photocopy of the paper with some annotations by Blackman. Correspondence and papers, June-July 1973. Includes comments on remarks by Review Panel, by F.C. Fraser, correspondence and drafts by Blackman on mangrove damage, etc. (A meeting to discuss a revised draft of the final report was held in Washington, 11-12 July.) Papers, July 1973. Almost all relate to herbicide damage in inland forests; committee's findings had been challenged by the Report Review Panel and by others. the M. Meselson; P. Kunstadter; T.R. Dashiell; Correspondence and papers, August 1973. Also included is by Vietnamese villagers', by J.M. Carrier. a report, ‘Observations and beliefs ... Includes papers or reports by J.S. Bethell ond K.J. Turnbull; C.E. Olson (2); unsigned (heavily annotated by Blackman); copy of letter by Blackman to Lang, re delays in publication of report. Includes: Blackman's annotated comments on the revised draft report; ‘Further Observations' on the report by the Report Review Panel (annotated by Blackman); copy of detailed comments by the Review Panel, heavily annotated by Blackman, and of his letter to A. Lang with replies to the comments. etc. Mainly with colleagues re report, toxicity, inland forests, mangrove experiments, various matters in question in Correspondence and papers, September 1973. G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Committees and Consultancies Correspondence and papers, October 1973. Re drafts, revisions, etc. (The third and last meeting to agree the committee's report was held in Washington 19-21 November. ) Correspondence, November 1973. Papers for meeting in Washington, 11-12 November 1973. Drafts for 'Summary' and 'Recommendations', all with ; different annotations and amendmenis. Copies of other sections of report; with ms. corrections by Blackman. Blackman's reply to comments of Review Panel on his "Historical Survey’. A complete copy of the draft discussed at this Note: meeting, with Blackman's annotations, appears in D.193, Only those sections with multiple revisions have been retained in this item. Papers, etc., November 1973. Mainly comments, and answers to comments, arising from the 11-12 November meeting. Includes: Review Pane!'s comments on 'Quantitative Assessment on Inland Forest’. Correspondence and papers, January-February 1974, Review Panel's comments on Chapter VII! (and author's reply). Chairman's response to Panel's comments, and Panel's 'Final Review'. Draft ‘Summary of the Committee's report', by P. Kunstadter, 7 and 12 December, very heavily annotated by Blackman. Ms. and typescript comments by Blackman. These deal with final revisions, queries and corrections to the final draft, exchanged with coileagues and with A. Lang as Chairman, and conducted at great pressure as the deadline (already deferred) for submission approached, Photocopy of Blackman's comments on the report, 9 pp. ms., Ibs Copies of letters by J.D. Fryer and P. Kunstadter re corrections to draft. G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Committees and Consultancies Extensive list of ‘suggested corrections and a few questions regarding the December 14 version ...' by P. Kunstadter, heavily annotated by Blackman, and copy of his reply to A. Lang. ‘Comments on draft summary of the report on herbicides in Vietnam', sent by Blackman to P. Ross. Correspondence with J.S. Bethell (on Inland Forests). Comments and correspondence by Blackman on 'Inland Forests' section of the report. Comments by Fryer (18 January) and Blackman (21 January) on the final draft. Memorandum from A. Lang to accompany concluding section (VIII) of report. (See D.186 below). Enclosed here isa ms. draft, heavily annotated by Blackman. perhaps an earlier version. 'VII!. Attempt at an Overview’, No date or author, and Correspondence and papers, February 1974. Further comments on final drafts of report. Correspondence and papers, February 1974. Includes photocopies of extensive press comment on the report. Includes memorandum by A. Lang explaining the exclusion of Section VIII (see D.185 above) in response to pressure, and Blackman's reply. Letters of thanks, and of apology for premature press release of the report, from A. Lang and from President, National Academy of Sciences. (Not sorted or indexed. ) Folder of miscellaneous travel claims, expenses, visas, bills, etc. relating to Blackman's travel on behalf of committee. Various dates, 1971-72. Correspondence and papers, March-May 1974, Includes further press-cuttings re A. Lang on the press 'leal' and matters arising. report and letter from G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Committees and Consultancies Miscellaneous correspondence arising commiitee, F from work on C. Kirby (history of 2, 4-D) 1971-73 See also A.3, D.117, D.146 B.B.C. Czechoslovak Section 1973 Sunday Times A. Lang 1973 1977 D.191-D.194 Published Reports and Working Papers D.191-D.193 Drafts for Part A of Report. D.191 11-12 June 1973 D.192 24 July 1973 D.193 8 November 1973 All annotated by Blackman with comments, Y revisions, 1G queries f eic. ' D.194 Published Reports. Includes: Part A, Summary and conclusions. Part B, Working papers. Report 'The Determination of Residues of 245-T and Picloram in soils sprayed with Agent Orange and Agent White', by the Huntingdon Research Centre, England. G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Committees and Consultancies D.195-D.201 RUBBER RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF MALAYA (R.R.1.M.) Blackman's connection with rubber research began in 1954, when he was approached by the Malayan Government to act as Chairman of the Advisory Committee enquiring into 'Production, Development and Consumption Research in the Natural Rubber Industry’. Research was pursued by the Rubber Research Institute of Malaya (R.R.1.M.), by Blackman's A.R.C. Unit of Experimental Agronomy at Oxford, and by the Natural Rubber Producers! Research Association (N.R.P.R.A.) at Welwyn Garden City. The authority in Malaya was the Malayan Rubber Fund Board (M.R.F.B.). A speech by Blackman, undated but probably delivered in 1977 to the Rubber Research Institute, gives an account of his connection with the Institute, research projects and results. is included as a separate item as D185, It The surviving correspondence covers the period 1964-76, It D195 D.196 D.197 Speech by Blackman recalling his connections with R.R.1.M. and research projects undertaken, n.d. c.1977. concerns meetings and conferences in U.K. and in Kuala Lumpur, Minutes of meetings and discussions, research investigations and results, consultancy honoraria, etc. Papers, heavily annotated by Blackman, and Minutes. Correspondence, 1968-76. Blackman's letter of August 1969 contains an important account of experiments with ethylene in latex flow. His letter of February 1970 refers to the 1.B.P. Rain Forest project. Correspondence and data on 'Testing for Activity in the Promotion of Latex Flow', sent from R.R.ILM., with ms. notes and calculations by Blackman. D.199 C.A.C. Meeting, 24 January 1975, Correspondence, 1964-67. D.199-D.201 Committee meetings and visits of 1975, 1976. Coordinating Advisory Committee (C.A.C.), 1970 G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Committees and Consultancies C.A.C. Meetings and Visits, Kuala Lumpur, 27 October- 6 November 1975, Programme of arrangements, list of members. C.A.C. Meetings, Kuala Lumpur, November 1976. Lists of papers and members, Minutes of meeting, annotated by Blackman. UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Programme (MAB). Material relating to MAB Project I, 'Ecological effects of increasing human activities on tropical and subtropical forest ecosystems’. Blackman attended a meeting of an international MAB working party on the project, held at Rio de Janeiro, 11-15 February 1974, The folder includes the report of the meeting, heavily annotated by Blackman, ms. and typescript versions of his letter of comment to the Secretary, and an undated letter on the problems of the project. G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 SECTION E CORRESPONDENCE, E.1 - E.12 Brown, D.A.LI. (Cocoa agronomy in Ghana) Ellison, L. (and others, 1941, 1943, re Blackman's paper ‘Dispersion as a factor in the study of changes in plant populations’). Eze, J.M.O. (1.B.P. Experiments) McDonald, |. (1.B.P. Experiments) Monteith, J.L. National Research Development Corporation Miscellaneous correspondence on research projects; includes report on senescence by D.J. Osborne. 197] 1971 1978 1967-70 Poore, M.E.D. Rajan, A.J. References. A-D F G-H G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 INDEX OF CORRESPONDENTS ALBONE, Eric S. ALEXANDER, W. BB. ASHBY, Eric, Baron Ashby of Brandon, Suffolk ASHTON, Peter S. ATTWOOD, A. W. BACHARACH, Alfred Louis BARNES, J. :.D, BARTLETT, Maurice Stevenson BATEMAN, Leslie Clifford BAIES, G. Hi: BAWDEN, Sir Frederick (Charles) BENNETT-CLARKE, Thomas Archibald BETHELL, James S. BISCOE, Paul V. A. _ — — D D D D CG D D D D D D 97 34 16, D.21 174 2 .196, D.197, E.7 64 15 1, D196 182 .89 BICKMORE, David P. A ob 15 D ot iD, 6F LI. A a > 8 BRAID, K. W. BROWN, F. B. See also A.10 - A.14 BROWN, David A. BULLOCK, John A. BLACK, John Nicholson BLACKMAN, Vernon Herbert BIOLOGY WAR COMMITTEE BRIERLEY, William Broadhurst 6 4, D7, Bee: 0.9, 0211 83, E.1 8 .88 OI. 0-6! .., 0x2, Ds6. Da-D 8 0.9, {t, Ole, by D8, 0.90 ,34, D.61, D.64 134 AZ D.18, D.20,0.31 i CHAMPION, Sir Harry George o F @ G @ D.61 95, D.97 9 0 4 2 0 C 0 U V C BUXTON, Patrick Alfred BUNTING, Arthur Hugh CHICK, Dame Harriette CARRIER, Joseph M, BURKILL, W. H. CHAPMAN, V. J. C, D. D. 0 - 0 U O > G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Index of correspondents CLAPHAM, Arthur Roy COMMONWEALTH DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION CONWAY, Verona COOKE? G. = w, COOPER, John Phillip COULSON, Be CROWTHER, E. Wee M. Hs DARLINGTON, Cyril Dean DARNELL, A. W. DAVIES, William DAWSON, R.B. DRUMMOND, Sir Jack Cecil DRUMMOND, James Montagu Frank DER de ee EAST MALLING RESEARCH STATION C.6, D.64, D.95 D.68 - D.86 Co See A.15 D.88, D.89, E.7 70 Daly D. D.31 D.26 D.26 D.43 D 20 D D.87 E A D D ater LK: EVANS, E. Pryce EVANS, Barbara D. F. ©; Wyllie P. ELLISON, Lincoln ELTON, Charles Sutherland rs Os, 0.13. Diag. 21, 32. Bod EVANS, Sir Geoffrey Bite ae: My FENTON, E. FINDIAWI We. D A.16, D.109, D.132 See also A.3 FRYER, John Claude Fortescue FISHER, Sir Ronaid (Aylmer) FRASER, George H. FRYER, John Denny FOX, Harold Munro Si D oh * D D D a D A FOsmnR, &.. de FOWDEN, Leslie Ao C6 LB. 0 2i meee D325, 0,39 G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Index of cor respondents GAVIN, W. GILMOUR, John Scott Lennox GIMINGHAM, C._ GODWIN, Sir Harry T, D, GOOD, Ronald D'Oyley GRAHAM, R. GREGORY, Philip Herries HAMMOND, Sir John HAMPSHIRE, C. H. HANCE Ry J. HANDLER, Philip HARDY, Sir Alister (Clavering) HARLEY, Jack Laker 6D. a bee D150, 0.15 18, Ds 2p Botte B60, D 6s D: e D A D Ca D.43 A.12, Bad C.64 D.129 D.107, D.148, D.187 D.9, D.11, D.61 A.6, A.7 See also A.16 D.40 0 08, D920, 194: 6.65 E, ks. D D D D ¢ D D Cc D HAWKER, L. HEWITT, Eric J. HEGARTY, Terence W. HARRIS, Leslie J. HAVELOCK, Eric Henry Edwardes HENZELL, Edward F. HESLOP-HARRISON, John HESLOP-HARRISON, John William HEWER, Humphrey Robert 14 .5/ 0.8, 0.11, D,15; 0125, D.28. 7 /D.40, DB: 64 A5 A5 113 113 .6, D.43 6 D, HOLMES, George D, HUGHES, R. — Elfryn HUMMEL, Fred C. HILL, Sir Arthur William HILL, Archibald Vivian MISGCOGKS, £..0:S; HUTCHISON, F. HINDLE, Edward MLL a A Cc A A.12 W. D a D 43 D 1oo D 6] D.39 G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Index of correspondents HUXLEY, Sir Julian Sorell HYDE, Mi iA INTERNATIONAL BIOLOGICAL PROGRAMME JAMES, William Owen JES, Ea Wy, JONES, (Frederic) Wood KEAY, Ronald William John KEMP, Stanley KENNEDY, Walter P. KIRA, Tatuo KIRBY, Celia KVET. an LACK, David Lamberi LANG, Anton D 6 C 6 .44, C.45, D.88 - D.98 C See also A.2, A.17, D.197, E.3 D 64 c 6 D A D .62 +6, A.l/7,-D. 89, -D:92, D.97 ‘At gts, .D Ge D ae D «Pad, ake VOT, D - 190 D D A D D a 4 el7, D. \O2y DB Agee 130, D. 182, 134, .DSt36, D. Vee; 9.143, 162, .175, D.186, D.187, D.188, D.190 A.6 D, 62 . 38 e ak A 6 G. Dennis LAST, Fred T. D .65 D aie MANIECE, W. McDONALD, I. MAITLAND, W. MANGHAM, Sydney MARSHALL, John F. LOWENSTEIN, Otto Egon LYTTELTON, Raymond Arthur MARSHALL, Sheina Macalister 196 mp etl, eee D, 15, 0,17, 0.18, -20, D.34, D.36, D.39, D.60, D.65 6 14, D.15 .6, D.25 ia 0.97, D0 .43, D.64 39 MATTHEWS, James Robert MASEFIELD, Geoffrey B. MILFORD, George F. MILES, Herbert W. MATHER, Kenneth Meagan As MELVILLE, R. MARTIN, H. D D A D c D D D D D 34 D oar tS. R, G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Index of correspondents D.117, D.146 E.2 62 ,88, 196 32 6.04 152 99 - D.194 9 o O 9 2 O O W MINARIC, Charles E. MITCHELL-HEDGES, Frederick Albert MONTEITH, John Lennox MULLINS, Leonard MUNN, J. W. MUNRO, J. W. MURFIN, Gary D. NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES NATIONAL RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION NEEDHAM, Joseph NEWITT, Dudley Maurice NEWTON, Lily NEWTON, Michael NORMAN, A. — Geoffrey NUTMAN, Philip Sadler OGSTON, Alexander George A mt oo .25, D.27, D.64 .128, D.134, D.136 146 .88, D.89, D.146 33 :198, e139. 140,.D.142, D.143, .147, D.148, D.176 m U 0 9 0 2 o g o 2 9 e O ONIEN Re ) © 6 D.87 Gen te, Ya ORME, J. Patrick R. OSBORNE, Daphne J. PANTIN, Carl Frederick Abel ao O O See also A.17, E.4 197 OSBORN, Theodore George Bentley C4 D9, Dom D 43, B.16-D.17, D8, D..20, 2.23, Di33, Dida, >. 38, D62 D.83 C.6 E.2 C.6 35 D.81 D.14 E.5 A.13, A.18, D.196 PEREIRA, Sir (Herbert) Charles POORE, Martin Edward Duncan PEARSALL, William Harold PREAGER, R. — Lloyd PORTER, Helen Kemp POLUNIN, Nicholas PARKER, Christopher PEACE 4... By Pane Ss. Sy G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Index of correspondents PRESTON, Reginald Dawson PRIESTLEY, Joseph Hubert PYKE, Magnus RAJAN, A. K. RAMSBOTTOM, J. RAO, B. Stripathi Reco. ts Kenneth RENOUF RIBBONS, B. W. RICHARDS, Owain Westmacott RICHARDS, Paul W. ROEBUCK “Al oT: ROSS, Philip ROYAL SOCIETY D.196 D.1, D.25 D.43 E.6 D.11 D.112 D.27 C.6 A.12 D.9, D.13 A.18, D.33, D.62, D.156, D.174 D.42 D.107, D.127 See B.7, D.88 - D.98 RUBBER RESEARCH INSTITUTE OF MALAYA D.195 - D.201 RUDD-JONES, Derek D.89 A.8 D.62 Dio WR edu A SCOTT, 8. Keith D.1 D.89 D.63 RUTTER, Arthur John RUSSELL, Edward Stuart RUSSELL, Sir (Edward) John SALAMAN, Redcliffe Nathan SEWELL, Robert Beresford Seymour AAl, #18, Coa C7. 6.8, D. 88 C.38 D.88 STEWART, William Duncan Paterson A.4 See also A.5 STEPHENSON, Thomas Alan D.68 D.63 D.83 D.65 D.97 D.63 STANTON, W. R. SOUTHALL, Arthur: SHAW, Michael SKENE, Macgregor SMITH, Lionel P. SMITH, Malcolm SMITH, Richard G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Index of correspondents STILES, Walter SUTCLIFFE, James F. THODAY, David THORPE, William Homan THROWER, L. B. (Peter) D, — A at, 1s A D D Di 26;..0.43 E. | a m TUCKER MM. 5A. oe TIZARD, Sir Henry Thomas TOMLIN, 3.7 Rw 168 TOPLEY, William Whiteman Carlton TSHIRLEY, Fred H. TURNER, John S. VARLEY, George Copley VEVERS, Geoffrey Marr VINEY, Deryck WADDINGTON, Conrad Hal! D D A D D D D D D D D D 2, D9 DS, Deae D, 20, D3. .64 .8 363 14 .150, D.151 .118 .66 4 88.043 .190 B+, DO) 815, Dos 16.p.3 112, D.135 .20 .11, D.89 197 34 D D A D D ey O N C 6 G 6 WILSON, K. WILSON, A. WALLACE, T. WIPAOIT, A. WASTIE, Roger L. WICKENS, Philip O. WILLIAMS, Carrington B. WHITTINGHAM, Charles Percival WIGGLESWORTH, Sir Vincent (Brian) .95, D.197, D.198 43 0.11, D.¥a.D. 14.-0,38, Diss WORTHINGTON, Edgar Barton WOODMAN, William J. WYATT~SMITH, John WOOLEY-DOD, A. WOODHEAD, Brian WOODVILLE, Tony WYCHERLEY, Paul R. WOODFORD, E. A ue D 89 D 4 4.6, 0.80 D 128 S 45 D D ocd: Kenneth H. G.E. Blackman CSAC 79/3/81 Index of correspondents YATES, Frank YONGE, Sir (Charles) Maurice YOUNG, John Zachary C6 D.63 Did, Dae Dae Dead ZUCKERMAN, Solly, Baron Zuckerman of Burnham Thorpe D.33