LINDEMANN, Ferderick Alexander Vol1

LINDEMANN_FREDERICK_ALEXANDER_Vol1

CSAC 80/4/81 CONTEMPORARY SCIENTIFIC ARCHIVES CENTRE British National Committee for the History of Science, Medicine and Technology under the guidance of the Royal Society's Catalogue of the papers of FREDERICK ALEXANDER LINDEMANN, C.H., F.R.S. VISCOUNT CHERWELL OF OXFORD (1886 - 1957) VOLUME | List of contents General introduction Sections A- E Deposited in the Library of Nuffield College, Oxford All rights reserved Compiled by: Jeannine Alton Julia Latham- Jackson 198] F.A. Lindemann, Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 The work of the Contemporary Scientific Archives Centre, and the production of this catalogue, are made possible by the support of the following societies and institutions: The Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland The Biochemical Society The British Pharmacological Society The Charles Babbage Foundation for the History of Information Processing The Institute of Physics © The Nuffield Foundation The Physiological Society The Institution of Electrical Engineers The Royal Society of London F.A. Lindemann, Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 NOT ALL THE MATERIAL IN THE COLLECTION IS YET AVAILABLE FOR CONSULTATION. ENQUIRIES SHOULD BE ADDRESSED IN THE FIRST INSTANCE TO: THE LIBRARIAN NUFFIELD COLLEGE OXFORD FA. Lindemann (Lord Cherwell) CSAC 80/4/81 LIST OF CONTENTS: GENERAL INTRODUCTION Items SECTION A PERSONAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL A.l - A.136 A.1 -A.90 Career, appointments and honours A.91 -A.101 Family correspondence A.102-A.119 Personal and domestic correspondence A.120-A.130 Financial correspondence A.131-A.136 Photographs, press-cuttings, miscellaneous SECTION B OXFORD UNIVERSITY B.91 -B.98 -99 -B.119 With an introductory note B.1 ~-B.90 The Clarendon laboratory .120-B.123 Wadham College, 1919-56 Oxford science departments and institutes General correspondence on university affairs, 1929-57 With an introductory note With an introductory note Correspondence and papers on the Oxford roads problem, LP ISzOL, Oxford University clubs and societies .124-B.132 Christ Church, 1921-57 .133-B.138 Other Oxford colleges .139-B.146 .147-B.166 With an introductory note With an introductory note F.A. Lindemann, Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 List of contents Items SECTION C SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, WRITINGS, CONFERENCES C.b=Cey SECTION D SCIENTIFIC CORRESPONDENCE D.1 - D.266 Introduction to Section D SECTION E PUBLICATIONS, LECTURES, SPEECHES E he £1 Introduction to Section E Bele. -E-21 Science E.22 -E.60 Politics E.6] -E.103 Education E.104-E.137 Invitations and correspondence, a7 TP 5/ Introduction to Section F F.1 -F.39 SECTION F SECOND WORLD WAR Fi 2AIe Pre-war papers on air defence, 1921-39 With an introductory note PREPARATIONS AND STATISTICAL SECTION, GENERAL PAPERS correspondence, 1939-5] Formation and organisation of the Prime Minister's Statistical Section ('S Branch’) Minutes exchanged between Cherwell and Churchill, 1939-45 Charts prepared by the Statistical Section F.395-F.419 Miscellaneous minutes and F.253-F.257 Cabinet Papers, 1940-45 With an introductory note F.40 -F.87 F.88 -F.252 F.258-F.394 With an introductory note With an introductory note F.A. Lindemann, Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 SECTION G SECOND WORLD WAR G.l=.G,550- | 186 STATISTICAL SECTION, MILITARY AND SCIENTIFIC TOPICS Introduction to Section G G.1 -G.100 . British and German Air Force Strength Includes some material re other aspects of air warfare With an introductory note G.101-G.141 Anti-U-boat warfare G.142-G.151 Other naval papers G.152-G.443 Weapons, defensive devices, military organisation and strategy list of contents With a and introductory note With an introductory note G.500-G.525 G.526-G.533 G.444-G.499 Inventions and ideas Organisation of scientific and technical research Armament requirements and production; strength and organisation of British and German ground forces topics G.534-G.550 Other military and scientific F.A. Lindemann, Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 List of contents SECTION H SECOND WORLD WAR Items H.] - H.321 STATISTICAL SECTION, ECONOMIC TOPICS Introduction to Section H H.1 -H.66 Food and raw materials With a list of contents -67-H.94 . Allocation of manpower -95-H.100 Shipping ~1OI-H.113 = Distribution of resources -114-H.144 Foreign economic policy »145-H.157 Home economic policy ~158-H.207 —_ Lend-Lease -268-H.289 relief SECTION J SECTION K . 208-H.267 Post-war reconstruction With a list of contents -290-H.321 = World food supplies and Post-war treatment of Germany POLITICS AND THE CONSERVATIVE PARTY With an introductory note PERSONAL AND SOCIAL CORRES- PONDENCE CONSPECTUS OF FILE- NUMBERS del +11 K ot —_KigZ7 With an introductory note INDEX OF CORRESPONDENTS Introduction to Section J Introduction to Section K F.A. Lindemann, Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 GENERAL INTRODUCTION PROVENANCE AND HISTORY. OF THE COLLECTION The history of the collection is long, complex and in many respects uncertain. The following dates and stages may be distinguished. In 1945 Cherwell took to Oxford his wartime papers, which are referred to in correspondence of that year with T. Wilson (see F.85). listing on receipt at the Clarendon Laboratory by two members of Cherwell's staff (J.R. Parkinson and N.B. Giles), but no incontrovertible dated evidence remains of The files were given some that ordering. Cherwell frequently consulted the material at the request of other historians, in particular Churchill, to verify specific matters of the history of the war (see, inter alia, D.117, F.87, G.348, G.437-440, G.550, J.97, K.69, K.241) but always refused to write his own account of his career or work. In 1948 typescript copies were made from the originals of some of Cherwell's appear at F.217 - F.228. In 1957 Cherwell died, a bachelor, in his rooms at Christ Church, Oxford. In his will he left his papers to his elder brother, Brigadier Charles Lindemann, with Donald MacDougall to have the papers. At the time of Cherwell's death, Brigadier ferred to in his correspondence with Cherwell in item F.85. The copies themselves minutes to Churchill for 1939 - 42; this was arranged with T. Wilson and is also re- the proviso that, in the event of his brother's predeceasing him, he would like Sir Lindemann was in the U.S. and in poor health, and in 1961 the papers were deposited by Sir Donald MacDougall in the Library of Nuffield College, Oxford, of which he Before this they had been first at Christ Church and from 1958 - 61 was a Fellow. by P.J. Searby who had been Private Secretary to Lord Cherwell as Paymaster General Before transfer from Christ Church to Lord Birkenhead the papers were examined Union was his residuary legatee; the Union has retained the copyright of Cherwell's in the care of Lord Birkenhead, author of the official life of Cherwell, The Prof in two worlds (Collins 1961). © When Charles Lindemann died in 1970, the English-Speaking personal papers, but has left the papers with Nuffield College on indefinite loan. F.A. Lindemann, Lord Cherweil CSAC 80/4/81 a General introduction io ee 1952 - 53 and had exercised oversight of the papers subsequently issued to Lord Cherwell as Part-time Member of the U.K. Atomic Energy Authority from 1954 until A his death in 1957. While no formal review of the papers was undertaken at this time, some material of particular sensitivity was removed (see H, 174) to official Archives and partial Minute Sheets were made for a smal! number of the cerrespon- dence files. A further examination also covering some additional papers was carried out in about 1960 in conjunction with Lord Birkenhead's Research Assistant, Miss Otto; to this latter period would appear to belong the numerical sequences written e ! in very large blue pencil characters on some of the manuscripts. In 1961 Birkenhead es i the official life of Hi, for which he had had access to the papers, referring to them in the footnotes to his book as 'Cherwell Archives'. He and his research assistants made various notes on aspects of Cherwell's life and work (see A.30, A.128, F.22) and brief biographical outlines of some of his correspondents, several of which remain in the relevant folders. included in Cherwell's material. Thus the ‘Official’ papers (OFF. in the outline list) and an outline list was drawn up. The main principle adopted was a division into concerned with Cherwell's scientific, academic and social life. This distinction, In 1965 - 66 further major sorting and review took place, by J.M. Pye, implemented on broad lines and on an essentially chronological basis, was never were deemed to be those relating to Cherwell's service in the Churchill wartime and postwar administrations, and the ‘Personal’ files (PERS. in the outline list) would be Official Archivist, United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority, advised by P.J. Searby, ‘Official’ and 'Personal', primarily for considerations of security for government papers have been consulted by historians of science, biographers of Churchill, students of the OFF. and PERS. files overlapped in subject-matter, correspondent, origin A certain degree of 'weeding' also took place-in the course of this review; see 965 - 66 review, the papers (chiefly those in the OFF. sections) or official material, while OFF. files cou!d include minor social or personal items or simply the taking of aes carbon copies. PERS. files might contain political . . c . | absolute. which happened to bear a wartime date. A.17, E.22, F.2 for notes of material destroyed. F.A. Lindemann, Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 General introduction Several of these appear to have left notes or markings In addition, the periodically by the Cabinet Office in order to re= or Second World War, and others. on the manuscripts, and may have further disturbed their order. material has been reviewed de-classify govemment papers as they became available to readers under the 30-year rule or other appropriate regulation. The latest of these reviews was in 1980, and it has largely eliminated the distinction between OFF. and PERS. files imposed in 1965. This last consideration, coupled with the facts that Cherwell's original ordering of his papers could no longer be traced, and that the existing files were of unmanage- able bulk and disparate content, prompted the decision to undertake a fundamental re-sorting of the whole collection. The Papers are now presented as shown in the List of Contents. In order to help researchers who had already consulted the papers and made It Many of the documents bear an array of annotations, identifications, suggestions references on the basis of the 1965 - 66 listing, and at the request of Nuffield College, a Conspectus of file-numbers has been compiled for all papers assigned to the OFF. files (see the note on the Conspectus below). The PERS. files are not included in the Conspectus, mainly because fewer readers to date have wished to consult those sections of the collection. is hoped that a reading of the catalogue entries (now much more comprehensive) and index of correspondents will enable users to identify such material and indeed to locate other papers on the same topic which they had not pre- viously been able to trace. for date or recipient, numerical sequences, etc. in black, red or blue pencil, ink or ball-point pen. These have not been erased, but they bear no relation to the present The only relevant indications now on the papers are the OFF. numbers, arrangement. in pencil at the head of the sheet where required. DESCRIPTION OF THE COLLECTION Several biographical accounts of Cherwell have already been published and are The Memoir by G.P. Thomson (Biographical mentioned here in chronological order. Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society, 4, 1958) concentrates primarily on Cherwell's F.A. Lindemann, Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 General introduction scientific career in peace and war, though as one of Cherwell's oldest personal friends (indeed, almost the only remaining early colleague who had maintained continuous friendly relations with him) he was also able to include some biographical material. R.F. Harrod's The Prof (Macmillan 1959), is subtitled 'A Personal memoir of Lord Cherwell’ and described by the author as ‘drawing on my own recollections only'. As a Student of Christ Church, 1924 - 67, Harrod had many contacts with Cherwell, and his book contributes many anecdotes of Cherwell's personality, and his part in social and political events from the Thirties onwards. associated with Cherwell during the latter's Conservative political campaigns of 1935 - 36, and with the Prime Minister's Statistical Branch frora 1 January 1940 until early 1942, Harrod was especially closely Birkenhead's The Prof in two worlds (Collins 1961), is the official life, drawing on manuscript sources, recollections by family, colleagues, politicians and others. lt is the fullest account extant, and has been drawn upon, and quoted, from time to time in compiling this catalogue. With these accounts in print, it is assumed that the basic facts of Chenvell's Sections A and K of the collection deal mainly with Cherwell's personal and career are known and need not be rehearsed. The following paragraphs attempt only to explain the present arrangement of the papers and to indicate how and where the manu- script collection may confirm, complement or modify the accepted view. In addition, there are introductory notes to many of the Sections, sub-sections and individual entries of the catalogue which aim to furnish explanatory information. contains family correspondence showing Cherwell's close relations with his father, Of interest are his pilot's logbooks (A.1 1, A.12) documenting his tuition two of these and that they should give varying information. instruction starting on 9 September 1916 with a 'First Solo! on 1éth and two other solo flights on 16th and 17th, followed by another 'First Solo! on 22nd. The other log (A.12) covers only eight days (20-28 September 1916) and also records a 'First Solo' on 22nd. This entry has been ringed by a previous researcher and seems to have The first (A.11) records been taken hitherto as the correct date of Cherwell's first solo flight. Section A also as a pilot at Netheravon in 1916. It is characteristic that there are, mysteriously, social life. F.A. Lindemann, Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 General introduction A.F. Lindemann, and his elder brother, C.L. Lindemann, and material relating to some of his own idiosyncrasies of diet and health, lordly modes of travel, and the considerable wealth which underpinned his independence of mind. evidence of his generosity to his personal servants, to staff and colleagues (and their families) at the Clarendon Laboratory, and the many discreet, almost surreptitious, benefactions he dispensed. for Christmas, birthday, ‘non-birthday' or wedding presents received not only from Cherwell's own friends but from their young families. is greatly to be regretted that very few of Cherwell's own letters survive in this Section, presumably because they were handwritten and no carbon copies were kept. Section K confirms this by the numerous letters of thanks There is also It Section B is primarily concerned with Cherwell at Oxford, as Head of the Clarendon Laboratory, Fellow. of Wadham, resident at Christ Church and involved in various aspects and controversies of the University. It documents his struggles to obtain equipment, posts, funding and building for the laboratory, his initiative in identifying and encouraging Jewish scientists wishing or obliged to leave Germany when the Nazis came to power, and his consequent negotiations with the university, industrialists and politicians to provide research funds, space and equipment. The resulting excellence of the Clarendon laboratory (notably in low temperature research) is well known. Cherwell also helped to make it possible for the young R.V. Jones to carry out there his early infrared research (see the correspondence in D.123 - D.125). Here, ona relatively small stage and with congenial As a counterbalance to this almost too well-known side of his character, Section B contains (B.126) a few drafts for speeches given in his later more mellow years at social gatherings at Christ Church. degrees of credit, in his rearguard action over premises in Keble Road, Oxford, originally leased for a research project,and in his contributions to the public contro- versy over the draconian proposal to solve Oxford's traffic problems by a road through Christ Church Meadow. of in-fighting in prewar Oxford Conservative politics. Section J supplies further illustration of Cherwell's enjoyment Cherwell's skill as a polemicist is shown in different fields and with different F.A. Lindemann, Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/8) General introdaction listeners, his wit - often recalled by friends but not otherwise recorded - played, steering a delicate course between raillery and mockery, choosing appropriate anecdotes and references and achieving with grace the difficult balance required by such intimate, semi-domestic occasions. is well dis- Sections C and D, together with parts of Section E, relate to Cherwell as a scientist. They show him in several lights. His début in research could hardly have been more auspicious, when he was chosen by Nernst in 1908 for the team in Berlin working on specific heat and low temperatures. He published collaborative papers with Nernst and became a lifelong friend of him and his family. To this time also belongs his affectionate, and similarly lifelong, friendship with Einstein; many of Cherwell's notes, lectures and articles are concerned with explaining and gaining acceptance of Einstein's theories among the general educated public. This period of 'pure' research was ended by the outbreak of war in 1914; later, Cherwell worked on aspects of meteorology and astronomy, sometimes in collaboration with his father, Another aspect shows Cherwell as an ingenious inventor and patenter of con~ trivances and designs. Many of these arose from his work at Farnborough during the 1914-18 war, or from private research in the laboratory of the Lindemann family home at Sidmouth. The scientific correspondence (Section D) reflects in its patchiness the ambiguous and his early brilliance in research was recognised by his election to the Chair of position Cherwell occupied in the eyes of some of his scientific colleagues. Some felt Experimental Philosophy at Oxford in 1919, and to the Fellowship of the Royal Society in 1920. Many of the surviving drafts and papers of these early years are in German. him and Cherwell. isolation from a considerable proportion of the scientific community during the Thirties. visits and lectures by Einstein, testifies to the mutual respect and affection between declared support for the Conservative party is also likely to have contributed to his J.L. Tuck and others; the material in D.53 - D.69, while concerned mainly with There remain, however, interesting exchanges with W.F. Aston, G.I. Taylor, W.H. Nernst, that he had ceased to do productive research after about 1924, others that he was damagingly preoccupied with rank, high society and political manoeuvring. His F.A. Lindemann, Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 General introduction Section E includes some additional scientific writings, of a more general and popular kind than those in Section C, but more importantly shows Cherwell as an embattled defender of the importance to the life of the community of science, scientific research, and the scientific habit of mind, He campaigned endlessly for more money and more respect for the scientist - what seemed the opposed values of a ‘classical! education, and in later life more positively by pressing for the expansion of technological education through new universities or institutions, See also G.526 - G.533, H.236 - H.253 for Cherwell's wartime activities in this field. His last piece of work (E.100) was devoted to this subject. in early years somewhat negatively by decrying | The episode of the aged Churchill's It is, however, for his friendship with Churchill and its political consequences that Cherwell is most widely known. Begun in 1921, the friendship continued with no diminution of regard on either side, and despite staggering disparities of tempera- ment and habit, until Cherwell's death. insistence on attending the funeral service and ceremony in 1957 has been referred to in the published biographies of Cherwell. This friendship permeated much of Cherwell's life, and its documentation is in consequence diffused through many Sections of the collection. The correspondence in Section K shows the personal aspect of the relationship, Churchill's use of Cherwell as a source of information and advice, and Cherwell's acceptance by the whole Churchill clan as a warm family friend. The political relations between the two begin and end in Section J, firstly in the 1920s and 1930s, and later from 1945 to 1953 when Cherwell was an adviser to Churchill's Consultative Committee in opposition, or in office as Paymaster-General in his administrations. 1939 - 45 Second World War which is very fully documented in Sections F, Gand H, to assemble and assimilate statistics and data and to present them to him in accessible, material (F.1 - F.39) concerned with increasing anxiety during the interwar years about the problem of air defence in war, and the various solutions proposed (including papers on the 'Tizard Committee'), all three relate to the work of the Statistical Branch, later known as the Statistical Section, These three Sections are best considered as a unit. This was formed at Churchill's request Between these comes the Apart from some preliminary F.A. Lindemann, Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 General introduction etnies rapidly intelligible form, originally in his capacity as First Lord of the Admiralty and then as Prime Minister. A minute detailing the functions of the organisation is quoted in the Introduction to Section F and included at F.4] : Broadly speaking, Section F contains the material presented by the Statistical Section to Churchill in its final form - as a graph, chart or diagram, and/or a personal minute from Cherwell to Churchill, sometimes accompanied by a draft minute or recommendation to be sent by Churchill to the appropriate minister, provide an interesting picture of the working relationship between Cherwell and Churchill throughout the period 1939 - 45, These documents The charts or minutes were the distillation of the wide~ranging activity of the Statistical Section and rested on background research through committee or departmental papers, official correspondence, information from scientific colleagues, etc. This background material, which provides fuller information than the summary minutes, occupies Sections G (scientific and military topics) and H (economic topics). The separate Introductions to all three Sections, and to many of their sub-sections, explain in more detail the nature and interest of the material, which enables the advice tendered by Cherwell and the Statistical Section - frequently the target of adverse criticism both at the time and subsequently - to be substantiated or placed in pers- pective by its contemporary research and thinking. Despite his love and respect for his father and elder brother among his is unfortunate that so few of Cherwell's own letters survive in any Section of Incoming letters in Section K make clear how successful he could be He was often derided for collecting Duchesses, and may well have done but they for their part seem to have been reluctant to let him go. minister to Churchill, though his scientific colleagues continued to think of him as Lindemann. F.A. Lindemann took the title of Cherwell of Oxford when he was created Baron in 1941, It was under this name that he became a national figure as adviser and It the collection. in society. so initially; BY ANY OTHER NAME F.A. Lindemann, Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 . General introduction immediate family, it is likely that he was not reluctant to replace a name with Germanic resonances (and which had often been the subject of wounding reflections and unfounded gossip) with a title expressing his identification with Oxford and his intense patriotism for Britain, particularly in time of war. In the narratives and entries of this catalogue he is referred to consistently as Cherwell, though both names appear on the reference title at the head of each page. It was not, however, only his sumame which Cherwell appears to have found uncomfortable. More unaccountably, his two imperial forenames, Frederick Alexander, were also shunned, and he tended to sign letters with initials only, The family pet-name for him was *Peach' and it is not surprising that only a very few close friends (such as the Egertons) ever learnt or ventured to write it, though Cherwell himself signed his early letters to his father in this way. Tizard, in the early days of their friendship, addressed him as 'Lindy', and Cherwell's much-loved elder brother Charles sometimes wrote to 'My dear Old Man', but Cherwell did not encourage intimacy; the name ‘Prof', with or without the definite article and abbreviation mark, and variously spelt with single and double 'f', was hit upon apparently by Lady Eleanor Smith (see Birkenhead, The Prof in two worlds, pp. 128-129) and seems in retrospect an inspired solution. It enabled him to hide his personality behind a function, yet conveyed in its abbreviated form an affectionate informality. for personal and social purposes for the rest of his life. At all events, it became his ‘name’ the catalogue was in preparation. Like Cherwell himself, many of the political and social figures who appear in his papers changed their names by succession to hereditary titles or by the award of honours. Some, such as H.R. Trevor-Roper, now Lord Dacre, have done so while under Boyd of Merton. In such cases, names are given in the Index under both the patronymic and the title of honour, the reference numbers being listed under the name borne by the writer at the time when the correspondence (or the greater part of it) was conducted. under Longford, Trevor-Roper under T cross-referenced under Dacre, D. Sandys under S cross-referenced under Duncan~Sandys, A. Lennox-Boyd under L cross-referenced Thus, F. Pakenham is listed under P with a cross-reference F.A. Lindemann, Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 General introduction CONSPECTUS OF FILE-NUMBERS As explained in the note above on the history and provenance of the collection, the Conspectus was compiled to assist readers and researchers who had already consulted and made references to Cherwell's papers on the basis of the 1965 - 66 outline list. The Conspectus appears in Vol. III, pp.367-403 and relates the OFF. (= Official) numbers, which are listed in the left-hand column, to the present item-numbers which are listed on the right. | The presence of an item-number indicates that the folder of that number in the present catalogue includes one or more pieces which had originally been in the OFF. file. | Every document in question can be identified by the former OFF. number in pencil at the head. Exact duplicates have been discarded in order to ease pressure on library space. When, as frequently happened, multiple copies were taken with the result that a letter G.26, G.28 (on the size of the German Air Force), D.23, D.24 (correspondence with M. Born), D.194 (correspondence with A.P. Rowe), D.245, D.246 (correspondence with |, Lubin). It is hoped that the smaller size and more rational arrangement of the ‘miscellaneous' or 'general correspondence’. Conversely, many of the present folders tributed; that is because they were often unmanageably large and (correctly) designated with J.L. Tuck), K.40 (correspondence with Brabazon of Tara), K.186 (correspondence have been assembled from a variety of OFF. and PERS. files; examples of this are or document might feature in one or more OFF. (and sometimes also PERS.) files, all the relevant OFF. numbers appear on the remaining paper. It will be seen that the contents of many of the OFF. files (e.g. OFF. 21.1, 38.1, 43.1) are now widely dis- when they are in Sections F, G or H. fore indicate a folder containing any or all of these types of material, particularly memoranda exchanged with or forwarded to Cherwell. A reference number may there- societies. Index numbers may refer to postal correspondence or to signed reports and present folders will make the material simpler to use. INDEX OF CORRESPONDENTS The Index includes the names of individuals, and of organisations and learned F.A, Lindemann, Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 General introduction In cases where only Cherwell's carbon copy survives, the name of the correspondent is not listed here, There is no subject-index. Lists of topics covered in specific sequences appear at G.152 - G.443, H.1 - H.66, H.208 - H.267. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We are grateful for help and information from many sources and in particular to: The Librarian and staff of Nuffield College Library, Oxford. Mr. M. Maclagen, for help in identifying the names of correspondents, J.B. Alton Professor M.M. Gowing, Sir Donald MacDougall, Professor J.R. Parkinson, Miss J. Pye and Mr. P.J. Searby, for comments on the draft catalogue. especially in Section K. Mrs. M.M. Edwards, for careful and accurate typing, and for her patience. J. Latham-Jackson F.A. Lindemann, Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 SECTION A PERSONAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL A.1 - A.136 CAREER, APPOINTMENTS AND HONOURS A.91 -A.101 FAMILY CORRESPONDENCE A.102-A.119 PERSONAL AND DOMESTIC CORRESPONDENCE A.120-A.130 FINANCIAL CORRESPONDENCE A.131-A.136 PHOTOGRAPHS, PRESS-CUTTINGS, MISCELLANEOUS F.A. Lindemann , Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 é Personal and biographical CUS EO OEP ISI tS Paeat paseee CAREER, APPOINTMENTS AND HONOURS Grossherzogliches Realgymnasium zu Darmstadt. Report on Friedrich Lindemann, 1900. Grossherzogliches Technische Hochschule Darmstadt. Reports on Friedrich Lindemann, Summer Semester 1905-Winter Semester 1907-08, See A.74, A.75 for correspondence re Jubilee reunion with classmates of Realgymnasium, K8nigliche Friedrich-Willhelms-Universitdt zu Berlin. Record book of Cherwell's studies in physical chemistry, signed by Nernst. 1912-13. Recommendation for Cherwell by Nernst, recording work in his laboratory since 1908. 1 March 1914. Election as Member, Société Frangaise de Physique, February 1913. (Letter signed by M. de Broglie.) Cherwell's visit to University of Chicago, June-September 1913. Farewell telegram from de Broglie. Letter of introduction. Letter re Cherwell's entry for tennis singles tournament, Paris, May 1913. Correspondence from R.A. Millikan re invitation and arrange- ments. Investigator', issued at Sidmouth, 1915, Also included here is a letter from Grew, 1915, re Charles de Suppé and Nernst, Letter of introduction from J.C. Grew (Counsellor, American Embassy, Berlin). Correspondence re tennis and social engagements. Postcards sent to his father by Cherwell during visit. Unidentified card, re Cherwell's plans. November 1913. Cherwell's National Registration card, as 'Scientific F.A. Lindemann , Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 Personal and biographical A.10-A. 17 Royal Aircraft Factory (later Royal Aircraft Establishment), Farnborough, 1915-18, Includes some later material to 1957 re Cherwell's work and interest in aeronautics, history of R.A.E., etc. Some of Cherwell's papers and reports on aeronautics written during his service at Farnborough, appear at C.11-C.31. of his papers in 1965, see A.17 below. Others were destroyed during the review Correspondence; 1915-16, with M. O'Gorman (Superintendant, Royal Aircraft Factory) re Cherwell's appointment as temporary technical assistant at a salary of £3 per week, and his service there. Pilot's Flying Log Books (2), both in Cherwell's hand. Entries run an error for 1919). '9.1X' £1916] to'3.1. 1918" (N.B. This is Entries are officially endorsed to 24 January 1917, and include passenger names and details of tests carried out. Entries run '20.1X' to '28.1X' £1916] only. official endorsements. There are no ‘First Solo' is entered on '22.1X. 6.50-7.05 p.m.' 'First Solo' is entered on '16.1IX. 9.05-9.10 a.m.' and this is endorsed. ‘First Solo! for '22.IX. The following page also bears an entry 6.50-7.05 p.m.' Graduation Certificate, Royal Flying Corps, 25 October 1916. Letter from Capt. Cooper, 16 November [1916], who was one of Cherwell's flying instructors and who endorsed most of the 1916 entries in A.11. 1936 Correspondence re Cherwell's 'spinning flight’ during war. Correspondence re history of 'The War in the Air', by Sir Walter Raleigh. Correspondence on same subject with Official Air Historian. 1t9, 192i ; 1932 1933 Correspondence re RA.F. Mess, Hucknall, F.A. Lindemann , CSAC 80/4/81 Lord Cherwell Persona! and biographical Copy of 'A Historical Summary of the Royal Aircraft Factory and its Antecedents', sent to Cherwell with request for photograph. 2 draft letters to B. Bracken re spinning flight. Invitation to 50th anniversary celebration of first powered flight. Correspondence re portrait of M. O'Gorman, Correspondence re Cherwell's request for copies of his R.A.E. papers. Correspondence re spinning flight. Note of R.A.E. reports by Cherwell, destroyed during 1965 review of his papers, but available in the records of R.A.E. Farnborough. See also E.19, E.20. Invitation to lecture on 'Practical Experiments in the Stability and Control of Aeroplanes', Royal Aeronautical Society. 1918 1919 A.19 A.20-A. 23 A.20 Correspondence with referees and sponsors: Note of Cherwell's book account, and of books and journals purchased at Dommes the Bookseller, Cologne. 1919 Election as Professor of Experimental Philosophy, Oxford University. Autograph letter of application, miscellaneous lists of publications, printed testimonials from J.J. Thomson, A.A. Michelson, R.A. Millikan. Fe a hizard Cherwell's family, to forestall possible reflections cast upon if) de Broglie (includes request for information on origins of P, Langevin A.A. Michelson R.A. Millikan (and Cherwell's reply) Rayleigh J.J. Thomson F.A. Lindemann ,Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 Personal and biographical Correspondence with Registrar, Oxford University, and Warden, Wadham Coilege, re election. ge, re ’ Arrangements for Cherwell's M.A. by Decree. Letters and telegrams of congratulation. Letters from Jeans and Fowler, offering to propose Cherwell for Fellowship of the Royal Society. Letters of congratulation on election. Correspondence re formation of Board of Trade Fuel and Power Committee, and Cherwell's appointment to serve. List of Members of Committee. Also included here is ms. draft of Cherwell's letter to ‘Dear P.M.' on the General Strike and coal negotiations. Correspondence re 'The Heights', Marlow. Mainly re purchase of the property (for Cherwell's father) and installation of electricity. Letters of condolence received on the death of A.F. Lindemann (Cherwell's father). Some include personal and biographical recollections. Election as Fellow, Royal Aeronautical Society. Letter re Dinner at the Other Club. Letter of thanks on termination of Cherwell's service on Advisory Council for Scientific and Industrial Research. Cherwell's reply stresses the importance of expenditure on scientific research, Germany. Letter from Cherwell to President, Oxford Union, re his family, in which he writes: lam not a Jew and do not number any Jews amongst my ancestors’. Included here is a biography of Cherwell, on 'German scientists', recording his activities in helping Jewish refugee scientists from 3 pp. note prepared for Birkenhead's Letter proposing Cherwell as member of the Royal Institution. 'I can state categorically that 1936 F.A, Lindemann, Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 Personal and biographical Letter from Vice-Chancellor asking Cherwell to represent Oxford at Rutherford's funeral, 1937 Correspondence re proposed visit by Cherwell to Canada in September 1938, which he cancelled because of political situation, See also Cherwell's correspondence with his brother, A.96. Correspondence re conferment of Hon. LL.D. at Aberdeen. 1940 Correspondence; June-July 1941, re Cherwell's financial position. Includes autograph draft reply by Churchill to question in the House, 17 June 1941, 'To ask the Prime Minister state the duties and remuneration of Professor Lindeman' and related correspondence. if he will (sic), Cherwell was raised to the peerage in the Birthday Honours and the question was withdrawn. A.35-A.41 Conferment of Barony. 194] A.35 A.38-A.41 Includes examples of family seals. Correspondence with supporters re introduction into House of Lords. Letter from Churchill, undated, announcing his intention of recommending Cherwell for Barony. Correspondence with Charles Lindemann re crests and arms. The letters are addressed variously to 'My dear Baron', 'My dear F.A.' and 'My dear old man'; in his letter of 12 June, Charles Lindemann suggests the title 'Baron Christ of Church’. - W and unidentified. Correspondence with Garter re Letters Patent, Arms, Crest, etc. Letters of congratulation, many referring to Cherwell's wartime work. 4 folders as follows: Includes photocopy of letter, 1918, re Lorrain origin of Lindemann family. Cie 1 M - P A.38 A.39 A.40 A.4] A-B R F.A. Lindemann , Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 Personal and biographical Request for Cherwell's photograph for National Portrait Gallery. | Invitation to join Empire Parliamentary Association. Correspondence with Lord Chancellor re propriety of Cherwell's speaking in debates in House of Lords, while working as unpaid personal assistant to Prime Minister. Election as Member, National Geographic Society (Washington, D.C.), Includes some earlier correspondence re Society. A.45-A. 53 Appointment as Paymaster-General and Privy Councillor, A.45 Official notifications. A.46-A.52 Letters of congratulation, 7 folders as follows: A.46 A.47 A (Includes 3 epigrams by Andrade) A.48 A.49 A.50 A.51 A.52 A.53 Q-S T - W and unidentified Correspondence, 1945, re Cherwell's formal relinquishment of his office of Paymaster-General. With R.A.F. Colour Portrait Collection Committee. Correspondence, 1945, re petrol allowance for Cherwell's duties as member of the Radio Board. With War Artists Advisory Committee, and with artist, re portrait by Henry Carr. Correspondence re portraits of Cherwell. F.A. Lindemann , Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 Personal and biographical Correspondence with Churchill, 195 ~52, re Cherwell's service in Churchill's administration. Cherwell was reluctant to serve as a member of the Government, and would have preferred to help Churchill as a private advisor. Churchill, however, felt that his services were 'of special value' and obtained leave of absence for him from Oxford for 1951-52 and again 1952-53, In October 1953 he reluctantly accepted Cherwell's resignation (see A. 68). Includes copies. of letters from Oxford University officials. Letters and telegrams of congratulation on appointment as Paymaster- General. 1951 Some of these include biographical or personal recollections, comments on the political situation, suggestions for action, etc. Some have Cherwell's reply attached, 9 folders as follows: Cherwell's room at the House which he shared with Ismay. Miscellaneous invitations, 1951, to attend conferences, act as President, the Physical Society, and of the Science Masters' Association (all declined due to pressure of work), and re F.A. Lindemann , Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 Personal _and biographical Correspondence re 'Sidholme' (Cherwell's boyhood home at Sidmouth, Devon), which became a Methodist Guest House nel GS lize: Correspondence re Conferment of Honorary Associateship, Manchester Municipal College of Technology. Award of Messel Medal, Society of Chemical Industry, See E.16 for Cherwell's speeches to the Society on the occasion of the conferment of the Medal. 1952 1952 1953 Cherwell’s copy of a reply on the function of Co-ordinating Ministers (Cherwell and Leathers), sent to Leathers for amusement, 93a Correspondence, 1953, re Summons to the Coronation of H.M. The Queen. Resignation from Cabinet, and appointment as Member of the Companions of Honour. 1953 A.67A A.68-A.73 A.68 Exchange of correspondence with the Prime Minister on resignation. A.69-A.73 Letters of congratulation, regret at Cherwell's leaving the Cabinet, etc. Many of Cherwell's replies regret what he called his 'loss of amateur status'. Several of the letters are from former students of the Clarendon Laboratory. Includes autograph draft of Cherwell's letter to Churchill explaining his reluctance to accept a C.H. (See Birkenhead: The Prof. in Two Worlds, p.316.) Correspondence re appointment as C.H. is also included here. B&G 5 folders as follows: F.A. Lindemann , Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 Personal and biographical A.74, A.75 Correspondence with former classmates of Realgymansium, Darmstadt. 1953-56 Mainly re arrangements for a Jubilee reunion in 1955 of the class of 1905 (Cherwell was unable to attend), and including news of former classmates, Correspondence with W.G. Schmidt, 1953-56, Includes a letter 1949 from K. MUnkler, another member of the class, who died before the proposed reunion. Correspondence with F. Sachs. Invitation to serve as President, Radio Industry Council (denied because of continuing involvement with atomic energy). Invitation (declined) to Associate Membership, American Institute of Management. Correspondence with Oxford University re Cherwell's resignation of his chair. 1954 1955 1955-56 See also B.55-B.59. 1955-56 1956 Also included here is notification of Cherwell's election to an Emeritus Studentship of the House. Correspondence with Censors, Christ Church, re Cherwell's retention of his rooms after his resignation of his chair. These were, as he explains here, and frequently elsewhere, his only home, which he was most reluctant to abandon. A rent of £250 was agreed, and Cherwell retained the rooms until his death. Letters of congratulation. Election as Membre Grrespondant, Section des Membres libres et des applications de la science a Institut de France, 1955, anda little later correspondence, 1956-57 l'industrie, Letter from Prime Minister (Eden) proposing to put forward recommendation for Viscounty. Arrangements for introduction into House of Lords, corres- pondence with sponsors, etc. Conferment of Viscounty. 1956 F.A. Lindemann , Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 A.83-A.87 A.83 Personal and bi ograp! ical WS] Award of ihe Hughes Medal of the Royal Society, November 1956. Notification of award of medal 'in recognition of your distinguished studies in many fields: the melting-point formula and theory of specific heats; ionization of stars; meteors and temperature inversion in the stratosphere’. A.84-A .87 Letters of congratulation. Many of these contain recollections and tributes to Cherwell's scientific achievements; several also refer to the death in October 1956 of Sir Francis Simon (q.v.) who had been Cherwell's successor-designate at the Clarendon Laboratory. In several cases the incoming letter has not survived and only Cherwell's reply remains. A. 84 A.85 A B- J —A.86 A.87 K-O Pez Request (declined) that Cherwell accept nomination as candidate for office of Lord Rector, University of Glasgow. Correspondence, 1956, with publishers re possible auto~ biography (Cherwell refused). Request for photograph for National Portrait Gallery. Correspondence re visits to Wimbledon Lawn Tennis Championship. L730" 00; Miscellaneous requests for biographical information. 1956 1956, 1957 F.A. Lindemann , Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 Personal and biographical A.91-A.101 FAMILY CORRESPONDENCE In alphabetical order. A.91-A.93 Correspondence with A.F.. Lindemann (father), c. 1899-1927, A.F. Lindemann was a distinguished scientist in his own right, with a particular interest in astronomy. wealth, he had a working laboratory installed at the family home, Sidholme, Sidmouth, and collaborated with his son in experiments and publications. is therefore personal and scientific in the fullest sense. Cherwell had great respect and affection for his father and writes very openly about his work, career plans and activities. Aman of The correspondence Early correspondence, including letters from Blair Lodge (Cherwell's school), Berlin (1908) re Nernst's laboratory, Brussels (1911) re Solvay Conference at which Cherwell and de Broglie were secretaries, America, during visit to Chicago at invitation of R.A. Millikan (see A.6-A.8) and London (1913) re likelihood of Cherwell succeeding Clifton at the Clarendon Laboratory. Clifton was to retire in September 1914 but the 1914-18 War supervened and Cherwell was eventually elected in April 1919 (see A.20-A, 23). Correspondence, 1914-18. On research and papers. to his work and flying at Royal Aircraft Factory, Farnborough. Some of Cherwell's letters refer Includes a letter (1919) to A.F. Lindemann from Knobel praising Cherwell after hearing a discourse by him. Scientific and personal news, including Cherwell's difficulties with his rooms in Wadham, his meetings with Churchill, Westminster and others, and his search for a property nearer Oxford for his father; (Cherwell's mother died in 1927.) publications with A.F. Lindemann. See A. 28 for letters of condolence received by Cherwell on the death of his father. See A.95, A.120, A.121 for correspondence re A.F. Lindemann's financial affairs. See Section C for correspondence on collaborative research and p Correspondence, 1919-27, see A.26 re 'The Heights', Marlow. fc ' Co VY «A. Lindemann , Lord Cherwell SAC 80/4/81 Personal and biographica | Letters from Charles Jules Adolphe, Count Lindemann, 1913-27 Count Lindemann was cousin to A.F. Lindemann and head of the family; son of A.F. Lindemann and Cherwell's elder brother, as his heir. he adopted Charles Lionel, eldest The letters, in both French and English, are social and personal, A.95-A.97 Correspondence with Charles Lionel Lindemann (elder brother). 1931-55 These are mainly personal letters, sent from and to C.L. Lindemann's private addresses. for letters exchanged 1939-43 from British Embassies in "Paris and Washington where Lindemann held various posts and which relate to wartime projects. Several of the letters are undated and have been assigned a tentative place in the sequence. See D.145-D. 147 1950-55. (Daughter of Emil and last surviving member of continental branch of the Lindemann family.) Correspondence re family property. Correspondence with and re Frédéric Lindemann. 1939-49, Includes telegrams and letters re C.L. Lindemann's Correspondence with Erika Lindemann. 1950-56 1930-38. Includes material re death and estate of A.F. Lindemann, financial and political affairs. serious illness in 1941, and re his Paris house during the Occupation, 1948 (see also A. 128). Postcard only, signed 'Sepi', 1913, letter 1940, and letters from Cherwell, 1937, 1942. Correspondence with James (Sepi) Lindemann (younger brother), (Cherwell's nephew, son of James (Sepi), younger brother.) Included here is a letter from Thérése, James's widow, F.A. Lindemann , Lord Cherwell CSAC Q¢ V/A, we VL ye 8] Personal and biographical Correspondence with Olga Lindemann (mother). 1905-22 Included here is a telegram from Linda (Vickers, later Kirkpatrick) (sister) announcing the birth of a son, 1916, F.A. Lindemann ; Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 Personal and biographical A.102-A.119 PERSONAL AND DOMESTIC CORRESPONDENCE 102 Correspondence on photography. With firms, newspapers and individuals on equipment and methods. Includes arrangements for J. Harvey to attend course at Kodak Limited, 1948, See also A.122, K.100. A.103, A.104 Correspondence, re cars. A.103 A.104 Mainly re Mercedes-Benz. Mainly re Packard. A.105-A.107 Correspondence re Cherwell's health and diet. A.105 Correspondence with doctors and consultants. 1933-34, 1938 1942-54 1933-56 1933-56 Includes reference to his brother's health, a ms. note from Mrs, Ethel Florey re penicillin ointment for Cherwell's eye (n.d.) and an example of Cherwell's diet as shown in one week's menus (1953). Correspondence re Cherwell's vegetarian foods. Correspondence re cows. 1945-53 With estate managers, dairymen, etc., and with H.A. Halban who owned various cows jointly with Cherwell and shared the produce. Includes correspondence from Clementine Churchill (1941) on the difficulties of feeding Cherwell, and from C,L. Lindemann and others on supplies of olive oil in wartime. 1946-56 Correspondence with Chief Constable of Oxford re Cherwell's revolver, 1948, and Oxford traffic, various dates. Included here is a letter (1933), possibly to a motoring organisation, re speed limit in Oxford. See also D.117. Correspondence re Cherwell's London flat. Miscellaneous shorter correspondence re domestic electrical equipment. Various dates. F -A. Lindemann ,Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 Personal and biographical Correspondence re travel in Europe. Mainly requests for laisser-passer, hotel including Cherwell's holiday in Europe with his brother, 1954, Various dates. reservations, A.112-A.119 Correspondence re Cherwell's staff. Includes letters appointing and dismissing staff, arrangements for the lease, furnishing and tenancy of accommodation, etc. Cherwell's secretary and longest-serving member of his staff was James Harvey, to whom reference is frequently made. Many of the letters, however, show Cherwell's care for all those he engaged, and his frequent help when they were in financial, medical or personal difficulties. These represent some of the 'secret benefactions' referred to by Birkenhead in his biography The Prof. in Two Worlds, pp.272-4,. episodes in many of the more personal letters throughout the collection. There are shorter references to similar Correspondence, 1937-48. 1950; Miscellaneous correspondence by and re James Harvey. 1931, 1949-56 Correspondence, 1949; various members of Cherwell's staff and their dependants. 1954-57, on behalf of Includes letters re Kdtchen Weber and Anna Thalmann, the Lindemann family servants, after their return to Germany on the death of A.F. Lindemann. Correspondence, 1948-52, reMrs. Eda Beard, the Lindemann family nurse, who fell on hard times and appealed to Cherwell for help, which he provided annually. 1932-53 Correspondence with Treasurer, Christ Church, Oxford, re lease of Cottage, Rose Lane Gate, for Cherwell's Secretary; includes copy of lease, 1939-40; some later correspondence re cottage, 1952-55. Correspondence with Treasurer, Christ Church, and others re lease of cottage in Blue Boar Street, Oxford, for Cherwell's chauffeur, 1938. Letters of thanks from private individuals for loans, gifts or charitable acts by Cherwell. Personal requests for testimonials, advice on careers, etc. Not indexed. Some later correspondence re cottage and tenants, 1940-51. FLA, Lindemann , Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 A.120-A.130 FINANCIAL CORRESPONDENCE Persona! and biographical A.120 Copies of correspondence re securities deposited by A.F. Lindemann at Frankfurter Bank, 1914, and subsequent negotiations, and August 1921. Includes schedule of securities in August 1914 An undated list of the copies, and summary of contents, is tagged into the folder. Correspondence, 1925-31. Re various claims by Cherwell and his family against the German authorities in respect of securities, holdings, funds, etc. Correspondence, 1931-46, re Cherwell's investment in Colortone Limited. Includes some correspondence re various films and pro- cesses tried out by Cherwell. Brief correspondence, 1931-38, with accountants, stock- brokers, etc. re investments, Correspondence, 1933, re special Life Assurance scheme. See also E.124. Correspondence, 1932-56, with accountants and bankers re routine tax and financial matters. Includes correspondence re property and bank accounts in Germany and America, and re an article by Cherwell for the bank's review, 1949. Continued Correspondence, 1954-55, re 31500 paid into Cherwell's account in Paris in payment for an article on the political implication of nuclear weapons commissioned but not published by Look magazine. to allow him to leave the money there and insisted on its being exchanged and transferred, Correspondence, 1945-57, re Cherwell's Will, and various bequests and endowments made or proposed by Cherwell for his family and friends. Correspondence with Bankers Trust Company re Cherwell's funds in America. 1931-53, The Bank of England refused FLA. Lindemann , Lord CSAC 80/4/81 A,] 2 8 (cont'd) Persona! and biographical erences to Cherwell's concurrent battles. to provide extra funds for Mrs. Théraése Lindemann and her family, and for Grdfin von Rex, an old friend living in poverty in Germany. There is an undated schedule of the correspondence, perhaps compiled by or for Birkenhead, included in the folder. See E.53 for the text of the article. Miscellaneous shorter correspondence re subscriptions, accounts, etc, Miscellaneous shorter correspondence re charities, appeals, etc. 1935-54 1931-56 F.A. Lindemann, Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 Personal and biographical A.131-A.136 PHOTOGRAPHS, PRESS~CUTTINGS, MISCELLANEOUS A.131-A.134 Photographs. A.131 6 sheets of photographs, mounted and some identified. Includes photographs taken on Cherwell's visit to America, 1913, of tennis parties, of the Churchills, etc. Envelope of photographs, mainly of tennis and house parties, but includes group of members of the de Broglie and Rochetaillée families. Envelope of photographs sent to Cherwell by C.L. Lindemann during Second World War. Photographs, 1944, of Cherwell with Wavell, Portal, Dudley Pound and others, with accompanying letter. Miscellaneous press-cuttings. 1 box. Miscellaneous items of biographical interest. 1 box. Includes Cherwell's passports, official passes, Hughes medal certificate, Coronation medal, seating plans, visiting cards, etc., and autographed souvenir menu card from dinner on U.S. Flagship Augusta, August 1941. F.A. Lindemann, Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 SECTION B OXFORD UNIVERSITY B.1 - B.166 THE.CLARENDON LABORATORY With an introductory note OXFORD SCIENCE DEPARTMENTS AND INSTITUTES GENERAL CORRESPONDENCE ON UNIVERSITY AFFAIRS, 1929-57 With an introductory note WADHAM COLLEGE, 1919-56 With an introductory note CHRIST CHURCH, 1921-57 With an introductory note OTHER OXFORD COLLEGES OXFORD UNIVERSITY CLUBS AND SOCIETIES CORRESPONDENCE AND PAPERS ON THE OXFORD ROADS PROBLEM, 1953-57 With an introductory note r F.A. Lindemann , Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 B.1-B.90 HE CLARENDON LABORATORY Oxford University Cherwell (then F.A. Lindemann) was elected Professor of Experimental Philosophy in April 1919 (A.20 - A.23). The condition of the Clarendon Laboratory, and the poor reputation of the study of physics at Oxford when he arrived, have been commented upon in published biographies and obituaries. He quickly began to organise the removal of obsolete apparatus and the acquisition of more up-to-date equipment partly from surplus military stores, partly from accumulated university funds, and partly from industrial manufacturers among his personal friends. the reputation of the laboratory grew and improved, receiving new impetus from the German refugee scientists whom Cherwell encouraged to settle there from 1933 onwards, funding continued to be a problem occupying much of Cherwell's time, diplomatic skill and social activity (see B..14 - B.25). Although During the Second World War, the Laboratory, now housed in its new building The end of Cherwell's period of service at the Clarendon Laboratory was greatly saddened by the death of his successor-designate, Sir Francis Simon. Laboratory during the Second World War. See B.37 - B.40 for reports on research conducted under contract at the (B.13, B.28 - B.32) was run on Cherwell's behalf largely by T.C. Keeley, though Cherwell continued to devote as much of his own time to its working as was then practicable, keeping a specially keen eye on plans for postwar science and funding (B.42- B.47). See also G.533. See correspondence with C.H. Collie, T.C. Keeley, E. Bolton King, K. Mendelssohn, F.E. Simon for material re administration and research at the Clarendon Laboratory during the Second World War. F.A. Lindemann , Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 Oxford University Early correspondence re grants for the laboratory, arrangements for clearing surplus or unwanted material. April-June1919 Correspondence re allocation of apparatus to the Clarendon Laboratory from Royal Aircraft Establishment and other Dispersal Board stocks. 1919 Correspondence chiefly re supply of liquid air apparatus. May~Dec. 1919 Includes letter from Rutherford on liquid air supply, March 1920.. Correspondence with Douglas Vickers. 1919-20 Mainly re supply of liquid helium, but includes long letter from Cherwell, November 1919, outlining his plans for research in Oxford and enquiring about possible financial support from industry. Also includes typescript 'Note on The Application of the Clarendon Laboratory for Helium for Low Temperature Research’, n.d, See also D.253. Includes ms. draft by Cherwell re firm of Adam Hilger. General correspondence re equipment and research. General correspondence re finance and equipment. General correspondence re finance, staff, books and equipment, Includes Cherwell's ms. letter of thanks for grant from Leigh Fund. G.M.B. Dobson, Shorter correspondence and papers re teaching and syllabus at Oxford, Includes Cherwell's proposal for the establishment of a Readership in Meteorology and the appointment of Financial estimates for Clarendon Laboratory. Outline for teaching methods and syllabus. (Both in the hand of 1.0. Griffith.) Correspondence and papers re meteorology in Oxford. 1920 1920-21 F.A, Lindemann , Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 Oxford University Correspondence and papess on the Museum Departments, Letter and memo, from F. Soddy. 1919, cctvze Nov. 1919 Letter and memo. on administration of Museum Depart=- ments, no author or date. General correspondence re equipment and installations at the Clarendon Laboratory. Includes letter of introduction from Birkenhead to ‘Mr. Morris! (later Lord Nuffield), suggesting collaboration with Cherwell, 1927, and letter from F. Soddy re A.C. electricity supply, 1936. Miscellaneous papers on research in progress or proposed at the Clarendon Laboratory. (None signed or dated.) On low temperature work (refers to work in Germany by Mendelssohn and Simon), On extension of 1.C.1. contracts to provide security for refugee German scientists after 1935. c.1920 1927-36 ©.1933 Funding of research, See also E.62. 1933. 1934. n.d. c.1938 1933-38 On 'nuclear chemistry! and research into liquid hydrogen. n.d., perhaps 1936/37. y q On the new laboratory, its design, apparatus, research projects. Correspondence with University, firms and individuals re financial support, grant applications, supplies and fund-raising for research at the Clarendon Laboratory. Many of Cherwell's letters contain or are accompanied by accounts of work in hand. as part of Oxford University Appeal. Oxford University re grant from Rockefeller Foundation for apparatus for research by F.E. Simon and other refugee scientists. Department of Scientific and Industrial Research. The Leigh Fund. Appeals to Duke of Westminster and to Lord McGowan, : on mann , Lord Che Wwe rt] 80/4/81 Oxford University Oxford University. Correspondence and draft speech to Hebdomadal Council supporting grant of £500 p.a. 1937, Lord Wakefield. 1937-38. Correspondence with J.D. Pollock, re his free supply of liquid oxygen for the Clarendon Laboratory. 1938. Oxford University Appeal, re omission of Clarendon Laboratory from Appeal pamphlet. 1938. Leverhulme Trust. Oxford University (re Government Grants Committee) Lady Mond. Oxford University, re funding for a cyclotron. Oxford University, Request to General Board for major increase in grant to the Clarendon Laboratory. Cherwell's letters to A. Lennox~Boyd and Lord Nuffield re importance of increased government support for scientific research. The new Clarendon Laboratory. Correspondence re article on the new building, written 1934, Mainly preliminary proposals for 'Committee on Building Requirements’. Correspondence and papers re site, rebuilding, equip- ment, etc. of the Clarendon Laboratory on Parks Road, adjoining the University Parks, Oxford, 1934-39. by Cherweil for Oxford. Includes discussions with architects, consulting engineers and University, re heating system (Cherwell strongly advocated electricity). Includes copy of letter from J.S. Townsend stating he considers no substantial addition necessary for his department. 1935-36. Includes Cherwell's letter of thanks to Vice-Chancellor for unofficial good news about his 'castle in Spain', July 1936. F.A. Lindemann , Lord Cherwel CSAC 80/4/81 Oxford University Re meeting of Advisory Committee, 19 May, to discuss physics at Oxford and the relationship of departments,with Cherwell's amendments to the report. Also includes correspondence on comparative cost of gas and electric heating systems. 1938-39. Includes letter re visit to the new laboratory by the Chancellor, March 1939, 1939. Copy of Cherwell's letter to the Warden, All Souls, te preservation of the chestnut tree in front of the Clarendon Laboratory. Correspondence and papers reradium. 1934-40, 1947-48, 1952-53 In 1939 its return was requested, but was The radium was lent to Cherwell for scientific purposes by the Czechoslovak Government in 1934, and was insured at his expense. delayed by the war, when it was stored in the Clarendon. Another request for its return was made in 1948 but not followed up, and it was finally to be handed back in 1953. Correspondence is with officials of U.K. and Czech Govern- ments, insurers, etc., and includes ms. note from Jan Masaryk, December 1938. Correspondence re Admiralty contract for research at Clarendon, Correspondence re Air Ministry contract for research at Clarendon, Letter re suspension of work on negative electrons during war. n.d. Reports on research carried out at the Clarendon Laboratory, mainly on radio, and on magnetic detection, as part of Admiralty contract. List of research workers at the Clarendon Laboratory, and their current salaries, compiled for Central Register. Preliminary note on the detection of ultra-short waves by magnetic resonance, 9 pp. (by Collie). Note on motion of electrons in. a combined electric and magnetic field, by Collie. 1938 1939 1939-40 1939-40 1939-42 B.36 B.37-B.40 Work by C.H. Collie, D. Roaf, A.H. Cooke. General report, December 1939, Report by Roaf on above, December 1939. » Lindemann , Lord Cherwell SAC 80/4/81 Oxford University Work by C. Hurst and J.G, Daunt, August 1940, On infra-red, and 0.5 cm. waves. Work by J.H.E. Griffiths and B. Bleaney; B.V. Rollin; C.H. Collie. Some dated January 1940, D. Roaf; Work by B.V. Rollin, on accelerating electrons, August 1942. Brief correspondence re financial estimates for Clarendon, and re a calculating machine. 1944 Cherwell's carbons only, B.42-B.47 Postwar organisation and finance of the Clarendon Laboratory. B.42 Two papers on organisation and finance of postwar university research, n.d. One is Cherwell's heavily-corrected draft, the other is probably not by him. Correspondence and papers re meetings on the future of physics at Oxford, appointments, extensions to Laboratory, etc, 1944-47 1945 Correspondence re Royal Society Grant, 1939, 1945, Surplus water tanks and accumulators. Air Ministry compressors. Correspondence re equipment and supplies for Clarendon Laboratory. Surplus Balloon Command equipment. Request for helium from National Research Council, Canada. Correspondence re safe for Clarendon Laboratory. A.G. Egerton's letter to Cherwell of 1939 is still addressed to 'Dear Peach', one of the last occasions on which this nickname (detested by Cherwell) was used. The grant was made in 1939, for work on magnetic fields, but was not taken up until 1945, Correspondence and papers re grant to the Clarendon Laboratory by the Nuffield Foundation. A grant of £8,000 a year for eight years was agreed by the Trustees in November 1945. A. Lindemann , Lord Cherwell C SAC 80/4/81 Oxford University See eS RUN Y Cherwell's recommendation of FE. Simon fora Nobel Prize in Physics in 1946, f Shorter correspondence with U.S. Office of Naval Attaché re reports of work in progress. 1947-48 Correspondence and papers re gift of a Betatron from the Research Department of the British Thomson-Houston Company to Oxford University, for the Clarendon Laboratory. 1948 Correspondence re 1.C,1, Fellowships. Correspondence re grant for F.E. Simon's research from the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, 1948 1948 Correspondence with Department of Scientific and Industrial Research re grants and grant-awarding policy. Various dates, 1951-56 Correspondence with United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority. 1956 1953-57 Correspondence re proposed National institute for High Energy Physics. Correspondence re Cherwell's resignation of his chair at Oxford, and the appointment of a successor. Mainly re high acceleration programme (including photocopies of notes and comments on the programme by many distinguished physicists), but also on research projects, consultancies, etc. Various dates 1954-56 and one letter 1948, Cherwell resigned his chair in 1956, at the age of 70. F.E. Simon was appointed his successor in May 1956 but died in October of that year. See also A.78, Autographs and letters of appreciation from technical staff of the Clarendon Laboratory on Cherwell's retirement. 1956 1930-59: 1956. 1956-57. Letters on Cherwell's retirement. 1956. F.A. Lindemann , Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 B.60-B. 67 Oxford University General correspondence re the Clarendon Laboratory (building, equipment, appointments, etc.), Many of the incoming letters have been lost, only Cherwell's carbons surviving. 1947-49, — Includes letter on Nuclear Physics post-graduate year, 1950-51. 1952. 1954, 1954, Includes correspondence re extension of grant from Nuffield Foundation. Cherwell's recommendation of F.E. Simon fora knighthood. Letters of August include data on accelerators in the Clarendon Laboratory; letters of November are with Board of Trade on difficulties in buying American apparatus. 1954. Appointments. 1955. Funding and appointments. 1956-57. (Salaries, conditions of service, grants and promotions. ) Correspondence re technical staff at the Clarendon Laboratory, Not indexed. Miscellaneous requests to work at the Clarendon Laboratory. Not indexed. Shorter correspondence re research staff at the Clarendon Laboratory. 1949, Correspondence re visitors to the Clarendon Laboratory. Requests to visit, from university, industrial and official colleagues in U.K. and overseas, arrangements, letters of thanks, etc. Some material re funding or research is sometimes included. 1933, 1947, 1955-56 1935, 1936. 1945-47, 1948. 1932-50 1929-55 1935-56 '.A. Lindemann , Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 B.75 B.76 B.77 Oxford University Includes correspondence re visit and lectures by L. Néel, 1954-56, Shorter requests to visit laboratory or thanks for hospitality. Not indexed. B.78-B.90 Lectures. All the material below is in Cherwell's own hand, on various sizes and formats of paper; many are punched and bear metal reinforcements. Ms. notes for a lecture on Classical Dynamics and Quanta. Paginated 1-6, with 3 pp. notes and headings on the subject (on writing paper of Randolph Hotel, Oxford, where Cherwell stayed on his first visits to Oxford). Included here are notes and calculations, with a date, 1915, added in another hand. B.79,B.80 Two sets of lecture notes, possibly prepared for Cherwell's visit to Chicago in 1913 (see A.6-A.8). 'Continental' than his later style. The writing is more 'Non-ideal gases and liquids', 16 pp. B.82 B.83-B.85 'Solids'. 20 pp., with monogram 'F.A.L.' onp.1. 1 p. introduction, + sequence paginated 1-86. Ms, notes for a course of lectures on Kinetic Theory of Gases. Paginated 1-47. Ms. notes for a course of lectures on Kinetic Theory, subtitled ‘Transition from Newtonian to Modern Physics’. physics’. Three sequences of ms. notes for lectures, kept separately by Cherwell but probably forming sections of a course on recent work in physics, alluding to the work and theories of, e.g., Einstein, Nernst, Planck, Debye, Bohr. Ms. notes for a course of lectures 'to familiarise philosophers with some of the conceptions and difficulties of modern Ms. notes for a course of lectures on radiation. F.A. Lindemann , Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 Oxford University B.88-B.90 Extensive draft for lectures on philosophical problems of physics, including ‘evolution and use of language and logic’, ‘concepts of Classical physics', 'relativity and the quantum theory and the revolution in our ideas which these have brought about’. Probably given at Oxford in 1920s, but with extensive additions and revisions in pencil, red and blue ink, at various periods, There is an index covering pps.1-100, but the complete draft is paginated to p.260 + 1 loose page. 3 folders: Pp. 1-100. Pp. 101-200. Pp. 201-260. F.A. Lindemann , Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 Oxford Universit y B.91-B.98 OXFORD SCIENCE DEPARTMENTS AND INSTITUTES B.91-B.96 = Radcliffe Observatory (and University Observatory). 1930-36, 1956 Correspondence and papers, mainly re proposal to use a benefaction of £100,000 from Lord Nuffield to construct a new telescope. Cherwell supported the view that the telescope should be sited in Oxford; the contrary view was that astronomical studies would be better advanced by a location in South Africa, and the new telescope was eventually built at Pretoria. Includes material re Savilian Professorship of Astronomy, negotiations with Radcliffe Trustees, various submissions and presentations of case, affidavits from foreign astronomers, syllabus for astronomy as part of natural science course. Some scientific correspondence is also included from colleagues, in particular E.A. Milne and H.H. Plaskett. 1930. 7 3he" 1932. 1934, 1935-36. 1956. 1933. Includes affidavits and submissions. This covers the period of the Radcliffe Trustees' application in court to use the funds for the Pretoria site, and includes ms. drafts of Cherwell's letters to the Vice-Chancellor and to Lord Halifax during the course of the hearing, and his 12 pp. typescript summary of his view of the evidence. Research Laboratory, 1929, Delegates of University Museum/Heads of Science Depart- ments, Mainly correspondence, 1932, re extension of Radcliffe Science Library. Correspondence, memoranda and papers re siting and staffing of Institute. Includes some earlier correspondence re Forest Products Institute of Forestry. 1932; Feoo 1933-38 F.A,. Lindemann ‘ Lord Cherwe CSAC 80/4/81 ford Unive sity GENERAL CORRESP 1929-57, DENCE ON UNIVERSITY AFFAIRS The correspondence is conducted with successive Vice-Chancellors, officers and senior members of the University. It deals with general administrative and financial matters (including Cherwell'’s own salary y: g at various points in his career ’ Cherwell's service on University committees, ’ Y electoral or examining boards ' g proposed changes in teaching, etc. Correspondence on administrative matters is generally conducted with the University Registry and on financial matters with the University Chest, but some overlap occurs. The material is presented as a roughly chronological sequence, with a brief indication of content. Correspondence, 1929, 1935-36. 1938. 1939-40. 1937-38 re elections to Hebdomadal Council and re School of Geography and Anthropology. 1931-34. General correspondence. Includes note prepared by J.S. Townsend on provision for lectures in physics for students of engineering. Correspondence, 1931-34, re methods of presenting and auditing departmental accounts, the proposed ‘Financial Safeguards Statute', and re college contributions. Recommendations for honours. Includes correspondence re continued purchase of German scientific periodicals during the war, and re Cherwell's salary. F.A, Lindemann , Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 Oxford University Correspondence, 1941-53, re premises at 7 Keble Road, Oxford, leased in the 1930s by Cherwell from the University (the ground landlord) and used for the business of Oxford Instrument Company (see C.54, D.135). requisitioned in 1941 by Oxford City Council, and the remainder of the lease was eventually bought by the University (which had turned down the proposition in 1941) after protracted difficulty and litigation. The premises were Cherwell's letters of 17 May 1947 and 16 May 1950 give a clear account of his side of the complicated story. Includes correspondence re salaries of Cherwell and 1.C. Keeley, and re Cherwell's wartime work. Includes correspondence and drafts on funding and benefactions, salaries, nominations, etc. 1943, 1945, 1946. 1947, 1949, AIDE: Includes Cherwell's letter recommending Sir John Slessor as Chichele Professor of the History of War. Includes correspondence on 4th year for physics students, and Cherwell's letter to C.A. Coulson offering him the Rouse Ball Chair of Mathematics. re his state old-age pension. On Engineering at Oxford, Includes letter from Cherwell on the 'National Centre' for research in nuclear physics, and letter FLA. Lindemann , Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 Oxford University 1956-57. Correspondence and papers arising from the speech of the retiring Senior Proctor in March 1956, in which he reported losses of library books and claimed that scientists (often Senior members) were more liable than others to steal books. Cherwell was indignant and attempted to obtain an official disclaimer, and, when the jointly with Magazine. Includes press~cuttings. matter was revived in 1957, sent a letter Hinshelwood and Florey to The Oxford a FLA, Lindemann , Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 Oxford University B.120-B.123 WADHAM COLLEGE, 1919-56. Cherwell's Chair at Oxford, to which he was appointed in 1919, PP was attached / / to Wadham College; accordingly, he took up residence there after various difficulties ° over improvement to the set of rooms assigned to him, and remained a Fellow and Member of the Governing Body until 1956, when he resigned his chair and was elected an honorary member. In 1921, however, he was offered a Studentship (= Fellowship) and more spacious rooms at Christ Church where he moved the following year and which he came to regard as his only home; see A.79 for special arrangements made to allow him to remain in Christ Church after his retirement. Although he became, in time, one of the oldest and most respected members of Christ Church, it should be noted that he was never a member of the Governing Body of the House; see B.124-B.132 for correspondence on Christ Church affairs. The material below consists of correspondence with successive Wardens of Wadham, to time. B.120 1919-22. 1924-30. and with Fellows or prospective Fellows about the general affairs of the college. It is clear that Cherwell gave financial help to the college in various ways from time Includes letter from E.A. Milne, re rooms in Wadham on his appointment as Rouse Ball Professor of Mathematics. Includes correspondence re Cherwell's rooms, the alterations he wished to have made at his expense, and his draft letter of farewell on moving into Christ Church, Cherwell an honorary member of the college. Includes letters from C.M. Bowra on his wish to enlist on active service 1940, and letter, 1956, electing 1931-39, 1940-56. F.A, Lindemann , Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 re Oxford University emits tom RRs c pe B.124-B.132 CHRIST CHURCH, 1921-57, Cherwell took up residence in Christ Church in 1922. He was not a member of the Governing Body of the House, which involved a certain dispute over the matter of precedence, in 1927 (B.124), but sat on its special committees from time to time. His social contact with the Duke of Westminster was responsible for the establishment of a Duke of Westminster Research Studentship (B.125, B.126) and his friendship with Einstein helped in encouraging the latter's visits to Oxford in 1931, 1932 and 1933 when he stayed in Christ Church and was elected a Research Student (B.128, D.56, D.61). see also The correspondence is with successive Deans, Censors, Treasurers and Students of the House, and also with personal friends requesting assistance with admission of relatives to the House and their progress there. See also A.116, A.117 for correspondence with Christ Church re accommodation for Cherwell's staff, B.124 1921-27. B.125, B.126 Includes formal letter, 1921, electing Cherwell a Student 'while holding Dr. Experimental Philosophy', and correspondence, 1926-27, re precedence. Lee's Professorship of Correspondence and papers re Duke of Westminster Research Studentship in physics, 1924-54, 1932-54. The first holder of the Studentship was E. Bolton King (q.v.); at the conclusion of his tenure in 1930 there was some disagreement about whether the Studentship should continue to carry membership of the Governing Body, but it was As time went by, eventually decided that it should do so. various modifications had to be made to the provisions con- sequent upon the death of the Duke, the contributions of the University and the House, etc. Includes deeds. 1924-31. ‘ Rc ck idemann , Lord Ch srwoll /4 yee f / 8] O Oxford University O2N 1930. Includes letter from Cherwell deploring proposal to transfer the Christ Church Laboratory to the University Department of Chemistry. Pica’ pace we ay ‘ } 1 pesca / 1931, Re visit by Einstein, 1931-39. Includes invitation to Cherwell to accept election as Vice-President of Law Club. 1940-49, 1256-575 Includes invitation to dinner to celebrate Cherwell's return to Oxford. Includes correspondence re Cherwell's retirement, copy of speech at Christ Church Gaudy 1956 by Harry Truman, correspondence re Sutherland portrait of Churchill, and two drafts of speeches by Cherwell at the Censor's Dinner, 1956. ~ F.A. Lindemann , Lord Cherwe CSAC 80/4/8 /Qy B.133-B.138 OTHER OXFORD COLLEGES xtord University Mainly requests for advice from Cherwell! re appointments. In alohabetical order. All Souls Balliol Brasenose Campion Hall _ 1956 1934 1949 1946 Corpus Christi 1932, 1945, 1947 Exeter Lady Margaret Hall Lincoln Nuffield St. Catherine's 1932 1950 1954 1956 1954 . Edmund Hall 1954 Trinity Wadham 195- 1953 195] Worcester 1955 1949 St. Hugh's St. John's Miscellaneous university requests for advice, references, etc. FLA. Lindemann , Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 Oxford University B.139-B.146 OXFORD UNIVERSITY AND COLLEGE SOCIETIES AND CLUBS In alphabetical order. For O.U. Conservative Societies and Clubs, see Section J. Oxford University Air Squadron and Oxford Branch, Royal Aeronautical Society. 1928-38, 1946-55 General correspondence re affairs of the Squadron and its relations with the Society, with successive Commanders. Oxford University Alembic Club. 1941 Ashmolean (Dining) Club. Oxford University Blue Ribbon Club. 1940, 1952-55 1956 (Cherwell addressed the Club on technological education.) Oxford University Bryce Club. Oxford University Camera Club. 1937-38, Essay Society. Cecil Club (University College). 1949-50 Chatham Club (Christ Church). Oxford University Empire Club. Cherwell was President of the Club from its foundation in 1937 until his resignation in 1956. Correspondence with successive Secretaries of the Club, mainly re exhibitions, loans of photographs, etc. Invitation to join, Oxford University and City Gliding Club. Oxford bagi ctltyy Lawn Tennis Club. Oxford University Exploration Club. Oxford University Natural Science Club. Leonardo Society (Balliol College) 1955 195] 1946 1919 Mercury Club (Christ Church) 1948 1936 1950 1934-36 1937-38 F.A. Lindemann , Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/ 4/8 Oxford University Oxford University Physical Society. Election as Honorary Member. Oxford University Psychological Society. Oxford University Scientific Club. Oxford University Socratic Club. ote 1946-48 | 1949-54 Oxford University Theoretical Physics Club. 1949 Cherwell was Honorary President from the foundation of the Club at the Clarendon Laboratory in 1949, Twenty Club (Christ Church) Tyndale Society (Hertford College) Oxford Union Society Requests from Presidents for Cherwell to speak in debates, or to ask Churchill to speak. 1934 1955 1945-50 Oxford University United Europe Movement, 1948-49 (and the Strasbourg Club) Wills Club (Keble College). Brief correspondence with officials. Cherwell was Hon. Vice-President of the United Europe Movement, which was a short-lived society later replaced by the Strasbourg Club. Woolsack Dining Club. 1 3 * i Peaks Lindemann ‘ Lord Ch. well + | CSAC 80/4/81 Oxford University B.147-B.166 CORRESPONDENCE AND PAPER ' DOMD i PWD LEW \, ny 1OB" Ly 53-57 raAA , This was a matter of considerable debate at local and national level, involving the Ministries of Transport and Housing and Local Government, as well as Oxford City Council and its Committees, the Oxford Preservation Trust, Oxford University and its colleges. The controversy continued in the press through articles, features and { especially the correspondence columns, and there were also broadcast talks and comment. The problem was the congestion of traffic in the central areas of Oxford. A partial solution, with which the earlier material is mainly concerned, involved the construction of outer by-passes and the development of better independent shopping and entertainment facilities outside the centre, particularly at Cowley. Bitter controversy arose over the necessity, and the siting, of ‘inner relief roads': very drastic, were proposed, and in September 1956 Duncan Sandys (now Lord Duncan- Sandys), then Minister of Housing and Local Government, wrote to Oxford City Council requesting submission of a proposal for a road through Christ Church Meadow, and an access road by an extension of Rose Lane. The later material deals with the mobilisation various plans, some of opposition to this plan. bear the signature of P. J. Searby, his London secretary at this time. In 1953 the Minister of Transport and Civil Aviation was A. Lennox~Boyd (now Lord Boyd of Merton) and the Minister of Housing and Local Government was Mr. (now Sir) Harold Macmillan. Several memos. and letters sent to or on behalf of Cherwell The correspondence is with local officials, amenity societies, University and college authorities, Ministers, House of Lords colleagues, members of the general public. The material is presented chronologically, with a brief indication of content. FLA. Lindemann CSAC 80/4/81 / é Le rd Cherwell University June-July 1953 re housing and outer by-passes, includes copy of questions to be asked in House of Lords about road programme. meh in re aft t 3 z 1 ae August 1953. gy Corresoondence and memos. on outer by~passes i y: pa / and Clarendon Hotel (now Woolworths). September~November 1953. Includes correspondence with Ministers. 1954, Includes correspondence with Minister of Housing. February-March 1955. Includes note by Cherwell for Churchill on Oxford Town Planning scheme. April-May 1955. — Includes correspondence with Minister of Housing, and copy of letter by Cherwell to The Oxford Magazine on proposed internal relief roads. June 1955. Correspondence and memos. July 1955. Correspondence, memos. by Cherwell and others, press~cuttings. October 1956. May-July 1956. September 1956. August 1955. Correspondence and press~cuttings. October-November 1955. Includes letter of protest drawn up Correspondence, including Minister's decision and circulated by Cherwell to Heads of Science Departments and correspondence arising, press-cuttings. Includes correspondence with Minister of Housing and Local Government and with Private Secretary to Prime Minister. and Local Government, and of the Defence. at Christ Church, letters and articles in the press, and Beveridge's proposal for a debate in the House of Lords. on the question (to incorporate a road through Christ Church Meadow). and Chapter of Christ Church and Ministry of Housing Correspondence and memos. re Roads Committee Includes copy of Writ issued between Dean November 1956. Pia mMncemann , LO a a a aN ae ion ‘ 1 /A /O 80/473 Tle Oxford University ‘ebruary 1957. Papers issued by st Church, re their i Writ against the Ministry and their discontinuance ! j wey ee ve action, and re the need for a Royal Commission, f February 1957, Debate in House of Lords, 13 February. Order paper, list of speakers, 1 40 pp. typescript and ms. of Cherwell's speech, p. ms. headings and February 1957. Correspondence preceding or following debate. March 1957. Miscellaneous correspondence (and undated) including two humorous poems on the controversy. Miscellaneous drafts and copies of memos., speeches, articles and letters by Cherwell on the roads problem. Not dated. Folder of press~-cuttings on the roads problem. ae / A, Lindemann, Lora Unerwell lindemann. a } rc t ede OY ue os Wea ede & | CSAC 80/4/8) ey SECTION C SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH, WRITINGS, CONFERENCES C.1 - C.89 The material includes notes, drafts, patents and inventions, together with related correspondence. »lated correspondence It lt is presented in chronological is presented in logical chr ascertainable. 7 order order, so far as this is this fa s Conferences and visits have been kept in a separate sequence, C.79 - C.89. | 7 F pr See B.79 - B.90 for Cherwell's lectures at Oxford University. See E.1 - E.21 for shorter articles, letters to the press, etc. on scientific matters, and E.61 - E.103 for similar material on scientific and technological education. F.A. Lindemann, CSAC 80/4/81 Cn Se sorieniiric ee f . fescarcn, wrirings, conferences cw ade te a ial ~ o . . sssure in R&ntgen tubes, 1912~20 Five notes on R&ntgen tubes, some prepared for patents. All in German. 3 pp. on regulation of gas presure. 2 pp. on construction of R&ntgen tubes. 3 pp., similar. 5 pp. on regulation of gas pressure in Vacuum and R&ntgen Tubes, Berlin, 1913. 4 pp. ms. draft patent specification on regulation of gas pressure. n.d. Correspondence with German patent agents re Cherwell's German patents (on R&ntgen Tubes), 1912-13, continued 1920. Includes Patent. Correspondence with French patent agents re Cherwell's French patents (on R&ntgen Tubes), 1914, continued 1920, ‘Lindemann glass’. Free electrons in metals. A note on the glass, and letter from (A glass suitable for use in X-ray tubes, largely developed in the Lindemann family laboratory at Sidholme.) Correspondence with British patent agents re Cherwell's patent No. 27599/13 (on regulation of gas pressure in R&ntgen Tubes), with drafts and copy of Patent. 1914, continued 1920. by electricity, n.d. Tp. 'In reply to Dr. Bohr's remark on the discussion on Isotopes at the meeting of the B.A. 9.1X.15'. ms. draft of letter to O.W. Richardson re his and Cherwell's work on electrons in metals, 1915. ms. notes and calculations on separation of Isotopes 3 pp. note (perhaps for dis similar chemical properties of 7 pp. typescript and ms. note, n.d. probably 1915, L. Dunoyer, 1914. 8 pp. ms. paper, in German, n.d. isotopes, n.d. Isotopes. Pi t / 7 FiA. Lindemann, Lord Cherwe CSAC 80/4/81 Poe confaerancac esearcn, writings, conferences wratinac Yeh to Naval Construction Department, re microphone to detect submarines. ee ee Las 1 2 : ei The letter, dated 13 August 1914, refers to 'our interview this morning’. See also C.18. Work on range finder, 1915, These drafts represent before Cherwell began work at Farnborough in March 1915, research done at Sidholme ‘Method for locating and finding range of guns’. Drafts of specification and forwarding letter, February 1915. ‘Method for locating concealed guns’, Drafts (one dated March 1915), and 2 pp. notes 'for experimental proof’. later ¢ . nMtarannmac SenTITIC research, wrirings, conrerences pest tie gece i : Collise 3 a Oe t. Royal Aircraft Factory, Farnborough \ Faro eh > fo ame eae seta j Cherwell worked on various projects connected with range and direction finding, detection of submarines and aircraft, and aircraft spin, for which he is particular] Y well known (see A.10-A.17, E.19, E.20 for other material on his service at Farnborough). The material consists of ms. drafts or official reports and specifications, some- times accompanied by correspondence. f | Some ideas survive only through references g in correspondence, since many early R.A.F./R.A.E. records were destroyed; occasionally Cherwell's correspondents were so discreet in their letters that it is not always possible to determine what project is in question. Continuing correspondence on various devices and inventions begun at Farn- borough has been retained here although Cherwell had moved to Oxford in 1919. C.11+C.13 1715, — fi Two reports from R.A.F. H. Depot: Unsigned, probably not by Cherwell. 'Report on methads of signalling’ (16 May 1915). ‘Means of communication between passenger and pilot' (12 December 1915). Two short notes by Cherwell, on submarine detection (April 1915), and on 'Incendiary packages that catch fire when dry' (to be dropped from aeroplanes) (22 July 1915). N.K. Adam (liquid hydrogen) M. O'Gorman (long range aircraft detection) T.R. Merton (long range ship detection) H. Jackson (on quartz lens) Correspondence: ° 0 FLA. Lindemann, Lord Cherwell “SAC 80/4/81 : -t i Scientific research, writings, conferences 1916. Two reports by Cherwell. ‘Secret signalling by infra-red rays', 19 January 1916. 'Report on experiments with polarizer for observing submerged objects', 11 February 1916. Correspondence with colleagues re polarised light, 1916-17. Includes official authorisation for Cherwell to be offered ‘all facilities for testing his device in the air'. Correspondence re Standing Committee on Glass and Optical Instruments Sub-Committee on X-ray Glass Apparatus. Cherwell attended a meeting on 1 May 1917 to describe his apparatus. Correspondence. re location of artillery. 1 p. only x +917. Reports by or re Cherwell. R.V. Goddard re BEE. 26 aircratt: 'Note on recording accelerometer for measuring stresses on aeroplanes', 15 June 1917. 'Note ona rate of climb indicator for use on aero- planes', March 1917. 'A suggestion for the detection of aircraft or ships by long-wave radiation’, March 1917. (Refers to Cherwell's letter of August 1914, see C.8.) Authorisation to fly in test aeroplane. T. Lowe (on range finding by aeroplane). re towed missiles, ‘Experiments on diving sight', 21 June 1917. W.G. Duffield (compass). Correspondence. F.A. Lindemann, CSAC 80/4/81 1918-21, PE, NEDO! is by or ete (Le weal re Cher well, ‘Report on trials of aerial range finder ', 27 January 1918, ‘Note on the possibility of countering balloon barrage’, 28 April 1918. ‘Note on T.1059c' (Paper for Advisory Committee for Aeronautics), April 1918. 'Note on cloud flying', 30 May 1918. ‘Note on a geometrical construction for rectifying any arc of a circle’. ‘Possibility of countering balloon barrages', 11 June 1918. (Continuation of C.22 above.) ‘Report on Kite balloon barrages', 28 July 1918. (not by Cherwell). ‘Action of Wind on Flexible cables', October 1918 Earlier R.A.F. report on sound detection, June 1912. Note on questions to be asked of Air Minister (no author or date, but probably by Cherwell, 1918). Two ms. notes by Cherwell, on self-correcting compass, and on gravity controlled sextant (probably contribution to a discussion meeting). Finder’, 1920-21. H.E. Wimperis (range finding from the air, and compasses) Continuing correspondence on the ' Lindemann Range D. Vickers (improvement in filament lamp) Correspondence, 19] 8-20. ? Tincker (experimental results) G.1. Taylor (‘spiral thermometers') H. Grinsted ('speeddriftometer') As tre omy and meteorology ife rences . pp. adrarr on aark srars, n.d. Jerle ctare Aral t Nir) or | Probably related to paper published in Mon. Not. Asir. Soc., 75, 1915. Heavily-revised and corrected ms. draft for a paper on solar physics, n.d. (written on H.M.S.O. writing paper and probably from Farnborough). 6 pp. draft for paper on photoelectric photometry and astronomy. Perhaps related to paper on the subject Bee lisase (Mon. Not. R. Astr. Soc., 79, 1919), In German. in collaboration with A.F. Lindemann Included here is a letter from J. Evershed on proposed sis in Cherwell's previous testing in Kashmir of hypothes ee paper with A.F. Lindemann (Mon, Not. R. Asit. Sog., 77, 1916). 3 Letters to 'The Observatory’, 1918. On the relative equilibrium of stars. Ms. draft notes. On life of the sun. ters, March 1919. On refraction near the sun. (signed 'Peach') to A.F. Lindemann on Ms. draft for paper on distance of the globular clusters. Work on magnetic storms, re paper published in Phil. Mag., 38, ed be de by A.L. Cortie, n.d. 'Line of Sight Displacements of the Hydrogen Ms. draft, Lines in Nova Aquilae’ , probably for discussion meeting of Royal Astronomical cme and answering objections Correspondence arising from publication, from: 1919 1920 1920 x A.L. Cortie W. Keesum M.N, Saha Notes of meering c Subjects’ (mainly between 3. ' ) 1 > i or me Discussion ai Geophysical } at Royal Astronomical Society, 3 December 1920 7 Includes correspondence received beforeand after meeting, and a later letter from Chapman, 1922, accepting Cherwell's views. Work on ionisation. Draft remarks for discussion on ionisation at Faraday Society, 21 January 1919, p. only draft on similar subject, re theories of 1 S. Chapman, n.d., probably earlier. Discussion meeting on relativity and astronomy, 12 December LER. Ms. and typescript drafts for remarks, and ms. draft by F.J.M. Stratton for published account. Includes letter from O. Lodge headed ‘going back to Edgbaston midnight', Cherwell's criticisms as put forward at meeting. accepting g y ’ I ° oa F.A. Lindemann, Lord Cherwel CSAC 80/4/81 oe od j ‘ * } Scientific researcen, writings, conterences Series of notes on various physical and philosophical problems. The notes are all written on Wadham College post cards and may date from 1919-22, before Cherwell moved to Christ Church. They include: Sequence numbered 2-6, on isotopes. Sequence numbered 2-4 and 2 loose cards, on Einstein's and quantum theories. Unnumbered but related cards on Euclidian and Einsteinian geometry. Unnumbered but related cards on philosophical aspects of physical knowledge. Also included are two unrelated cards (not Wadham College). 11 pp. ms. draft for paper on Einstein's theories, n.d. c.1920. Note on separation of isotopes by their different mobilities (ina letter to G.P. Thomson), 1921. Note on wave theory of light (2 pp. only), n.d. c.1924. Patent 2 (based on above) 580679, 'Galvanometers', 1923. letters, 1923, on inventions by Cherwell: Patent 210492, 'Torsional Suspension', 1922. 3 pp. note on radio waves in the ionosphere, n.d. 6 pp. draft for paper on rotation of spiral nebulae, n.d., probably related to paper published in Mon. Not. R. Astr. Soc., 83, 1923. Notes, drafts and calculations for work on meteors, n.d., c.1924. from Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, on galyanometer Review of A. Eddington: 'The Mathematical Basis of Relativity', 1923. Note on helium (letter to Russell), n.d. from Air Minist 'y; on night bombers. v F.A. Lindemann, CaAG 80/4, 8 Wy plates Work on photoelectric : p! x ais ifings, conterences “ en cells, 1923-40. 9° 1925, Letters, 1923, Scientific Research and Experiment, re work to be done by Cherwell on photo-electric cells. from Admiralty Department of Undated description of an invention to improve photo~electric images by 'graticules', 7 pp. Correspondence and papers, 1928-40, remanufacture and sale of photo~electric cells, by Oxford Instrument Company (run by E. Bolton King in premises leased by Cherwell in Keble Road close to Clarendon Laboratory). See also B.106, D.135. 2 descriptions of invention for 'Ilmprovements in Photo- electric Cells’. Agreement with Phonofilms for supply of cells by Cherwell, 727. Accounts re manufacture of cells, July 1927-December 1930. Correspondence re Photo-electric Cell exhibition, held April-September 1933 at the Science Museum, London. Includes photograph of Lindemann Electrometer. See B.106 for correspondence with Oxford University and Cherwell lent his original Lindemann Electrometer, and Stellar Photometer, and subsequently allowed them to remain for a further period in the permanent collection. others re premises at 7 Keble Road, used for the project. r ai A j itn iIndemann, 1¢ ak ae Lora ne SAC 80/4 ‘8 Answer toa mathematical puzzle, 1926. od 5 Oe 4 s Note on 'The Origin of Atmospheric Ozone’, Draft Report on the reorganisation of Radio Research between N.P.L., Teddington, and Radio Research Station, Slough. Correspondence re Patent Application for X-ray tubes, 1930. Correspondence re meetings of Royal Astronomical Society, 1930. 2 notes on airships, with reference to the R.101 disaster, ¢.1930. Perhaps prepared for Sir John Simon, who chaired the enquiry into the disaste R273. 2 pp. note on airship d 5 pp. note on possible causes of the R.101 disaster. Notes held of ona f Cherwell's contributions to discussion meetings astrophysics in Berlin, 1932. In German, for published proceedings. y C.62-C.65 U.P. eee Includes copy of U.S. Patent. Correspondence arising from the publication of the book. 'The physical significance of the Quantum Theory', g Corresponde ae with British patent agents re Cherwell's patent No, 8103/31, 'Device for printing or reproducing coloured photographs of films', and United States Patent based on above, 1932-33. Includes typescript draft of review. Correspondence with Editor, Nature, regretting the unsatisfactory review of book in Notuke and offering Cherwell the opportunity to put forward some of his ideas in the course of a review of Jeans's book 'The New Back- ground of Science’. Cherwell's copies of his letters to accompany compli- mentary copies. Nith O.U.P. re review copies, sales, etc., 1932. FLA. Lindemar CSAC 80/4/81 we DIN ri esearch, writings, conferences Letters from Friends and colleagues re book, 1932. Later correspondence, 1949-50, with Lord Samuel re book and re Samuel's own writings on physics. AWAAME ae ik Bisa Ty 1< f) fete Sw, - Bie ; { = : Correspondence re book, with Sir Oliver Lodge, February- April 1932. Correspondence, 1932-33. re work on primes. Includes 3 pp. detailed unfavourable comment ona paper by Cherwell, from E.A. Milne. Notes and drafts for talks or papers on low temperatures. Includes 4 pp. draft for talk/demonstration on Absolute Zero on bicentenary of death of Fahrenheit (1936). 3 pp. draft on low temperature research, n.d., and shorter notes. C.68-C.71 Baird Television Company, 1936-40. Cherwell was consultant to the company, and the material relates to ideas for inventions and patents. 1938. 1948-49. 1936-37. Scanner’, for improvements to television Includes patent receivers. 1939-40. re French and British patents for 'Coordinate Continuing correspondence with Cinema-Television Limited, with which Baird was merged in 1940. Includes ideas for artificial cooling of electrodes, and for improvements to television receivers. and 3 pp.; correspondence with colleagues. Related to a discussion on 'The Upper Atmosphere’ at a Joint Meeting of the Chemical Society, the Physical Society and the Royal Meteorological Society, held at the Royal Institution, 4 May 1939. The meeting was introduced by F.A. Paneth; contributed a paper on 'Meteor Evidence’ and also to the general discussion, LXV, 1939.) Includes Cherwell's drafts for the published paper ‘Observations on the Discussion on the Constitution of the Upper Atmosphere', and two shorter undated notes, 4 pp. Material on the constitution of the atmosphere. (Published in Q. J. Roy. met. Soc., Cherwell Lindemann, "an 80/4/78) /Q /A df *t/ 4 Gas 6 oe e ae -~Ae ecientitic researcn, writings, conrerences os wee ae cae “a a tips . ny 2 pp. undated note on mathematics. ee zt yi tua sali ! Correspondence, 1941, considerations', Nature, 148, 11 October 1941, With editors, and correspondence arising. Correspondence, 1945-50. re Cherwell's paper 'Note on the distribution of the intervals between prime numbers', Quart. Journ. of Math., 17, March 1946, and his paper in collaboration with F.V. Atkinson, 'The mean-values of arithmetical functions', Quart. Journ. of Math., 20, June 1949. See also D.11. Shorter notes and writings, c.1946. ‘Uses of nuclear physics’, 1 p., n.d. 3 pp. note on absorption coefficient, 11 February 1946. 5 pp. paper on research at the Clarendon Laboratory, with a ms. note (not by Cherwell) 'Science Survey Broadcast. 5 July 1946'. See also E.11. Answer toa 'Brains Teaser’. None dated, but many on Extensive notes and drafts on mathematical topics. Some of the sheets are paginated, but do not form a complete sequence. Typescript and manuscript. writing paper of Paymaster-General's Office and probably 1952-53. Unidentified notes and calculations by Cherwell. A lr sth Bee LINGeEmMann, CSAC 80/4/81 C.79-C.89 eather: sand visits, | 10) | 1911-56. ae 1c research, NMP INgs . ine och He fa conrerences Cen “mY First Solvay Congress, 1911. (Cherwell was joint secretary with M. de Broglie.) Bound volume of photographs of participants, many signed. Invitation and correspondence re second Congress, 1913. Correspondence, ten Aristotelian Society, 1919-20. , prog programme re joint meetings of the Letter from H.A. Lorentz re Solvay y: (Cherwell was not invited) Congress, g 7 1921 Letter re proposed conference on ozone, 1929. Letter re proposed conference on 'Science and the ordinary man', 1949, Eighth International Congress of Refrigeration, 1951. Cherwell's Invitation to act as Vice-President. International Conference on Nuclear Physics and Physics of Fundamental Particles, Chicago, 1951. Cherwell combined this with visits to laboratories and research institutes in Canada and America, official and personal matters, etc. The material includes invitation, travel and currency arrangements, correspondence with colleagues to schedule visits to laborataies, letters of thanks, etc. letters of 27 August to A.K. Longair and to C.L. Lindemann give details of his proposed itinerary. Draft of talk given by Cherwell on Radio Ceylon. Itineraries and programmes, background statistics, currency arrangemenis, Visit to Ceylon, Australia and America, September-October 1953. Invitations, Cherwell's letters of thanks for hospitality. C.85-C.87 C.85 C:86 8/7 re Cc researcn, wtf ings, 2 es | gee i conrerences i 1 es bps iip edie ie Internaticnal Congress on Documentation of Applied Chemistry, Novernber 1955, tac ry as Ne eae ; on 1 “7 rn ’ ; y Cherwell was President of Honour, and contributed a Foreword to the conference handbook. Correspondence and drafts of Foreword. i Visit to Germany, 1956. The visit was arranged at the request of the Foreign Office, for British Week at Munich and to include visits to laboratories, talks with Ministers. ECTION D The correspondence js pre brief note of any material of particular scientific or biographicc rerest Most of the letters are exchanged with individuals, x but some societies f 7 committees and organisa- tions are included; these are indexed under their own name (e.g. Academic Assistance Council, Imperial Chemical Industries) and also under the names of individual corres= ondents included therein, A note is made of cases where incoming letters have p been lost and only Cherwell's carbons survive. While some of the correspondence is brief and formal, there are some substantial exchanges which complement aspects of Cherwell's career at many stages; such are the exchanges with early scientific colleagues (e.g. Nemst, Aston, Einst 2in), and collabo- rators at the Clarendon Laboratory (e.g. Keeley, King, Griffith, Simon, Tuck), and Cherwell's negotiations with industrial firms for financial support (see especially the correspondence with |.C.1.) g / \ t t Cherwell's work in assisting Jewish scientists of German extraction to leave Nazi 1 wT! . i > = . ey D.1 D.7 e t L Berg, W.F , Bergmann, S Academic Assistance Council He was, however, involved with many others. Germany and continue their scientific career elsewhere is well known, more particu- larly in relation to the 1.C.1. Fellowships he was able to obtain for a limited number or such cases, The following items all relate to scientists or professional men whom he assisted or attempted to assist in this way: Frank, L Di2zd;-D..24 Brutzkus, J Franck, J. Fajans, K Bosch, C Cahn, H Born, M Berl, S Di72 D.77 D.78 Os25 D.3] Dee D2 BF ¥ | nder inn C 80/4/81 D.80 D.81 D.86 D.87 D.120 D126 D.148 D.154 D.156 D.183 D.184 Haber, F Hahn, A.F Joachim, H Kallmann, H London, H Meitner, L Mendelssohn, K Rabinowitsch, E Rado, R D224, D 3225 Schrddinger, E D.228-D.233 - Simon, F.E D.240 D.244 D251 Teller, E Traube, J Urbach, F Weissberger, A following items: D.94-D.113 Berlin, | Leh Mayer, E D257 D.263 Dil D.89 D.91 Windaus, A, Winternitz, P Hardy, G.H Houtermans, F.G, Additional references to assistance for refugee scientists may be found in the in Section J. Other material relating to scientific research at the Clarendon Laboratory can be found in Sections B and G; material relating to atomic energy and the development of the Atomic Energy Authority is Molson, A.H.E De D.161 D.249 Tyndall, A.M s Lindemann 80/ ASD 4/% / AC Academic Assistance Council 1933-36, 194 1 t i Correspondence 1933-36, re the work of the Council in placing and finding financial support for refugee scientists, Includes lists of displaced German scholars prepared by the Council at various dates. With one letter 1940 frorn Society for the Protection of Science and Learning (successor to the Council) See also correspondence with |.C.1., D.94-D.113 Allibone, T. E. 1929 (Cherwell's carbon letter of recommendation), 1953 Ambronn, L. 1913 Andradé; f:: Ne da’ C, 1928-49 Personal and scientific correspondence. Includes correspondence on various wartime projects, fuzes, flash lamps, Andrade's employment, etc. Andrews, C. , 73a 1940-55 Appleton, E. V. 3 folders as follows: from Rayleigh re thre yielg 1940-49. R.D.F., lonospheric forecasting. Includes letter, requisitioning of his laboratory. 1940, On various wartime matters, mainly radio research, Arrangements for Arndt to come to work in Oxford. 1953. With Appleton and others re possibility of generating electricity from peat in Scotland; Appleton was Chairman of the Scottish Peat Committee investigating the question. Cherwell's carbons only. Appleyard, R. Arco, Arndt, F. 1923 1933 LOSS: i CSAC pee Lindemann, Ors aaa i 80/4/81 Scientific corres pondence a eg ao — a . 1947 Askeland, K. Correspondence, drawings cind patent re generation of electricity from tidal power. Enclosed here is an undated memcandum on in German, 2 pp. the subject, Aston, F. W. 1917-21 His 21 February 1920 lists his current determinations Aston was awarded the Nobel Prize in Includes Aston's account of his apparatus, 'a daisy at isotope production’ and its early 'most astonishing’ results. letter of of isotope masses. 1922. The correspondence, which is very friendly, includes reminiscences of ‘Chudleigh’ and news of friends in Cambridge at work and play. The Astor Foundation. 1954-56 This was a charitable Foundation set up by Viscount Astor in 1954 'to provide a fund in dollars for the benefit of Great Britain, to forward scientific, medical, educational, culture and other projects ...' The Foundation hadan original life of fifteen years; Advisory Committee consisted of: the British asked by Astor to serve on the original Committee The Treasurer of the Royal Society; The Warden of All Souls; The Founder, or his successor; Anyone else co-opted or appointed (Cherwell was Correspondence is with the Founder and colleagues re the Foundation, and the award of grants to British scientists. The first 'Astor scholar’ was P.B. (now Sir Peter) Hirsch, and his letter of thanks is included. See also C.75. their joint paper iThe mean-values of arithmetical re functions’. Atkinson, Fe 1948-49 V- cientific ; Correspe onde nce Personal and scientific correspondence re research, publica tions, appointments. Correspondence consists almost entirely of Atkinson's letters; very few of Cherwell's replies survive. go .. Oe es :" e ! ‘ P 1924-29, 1930-56. 1946-53 Mainly notification of meetings and act ivities, minutes and circulars, Cherwell was a Vice-President, and frequently protested, at meetings and in correspondence, at the Association's involvement in politics. Bannister, R. G, 1955 Cherwell's carbons only, 1937-38 1955-56 and others, 1940-41 Barcroft, J. ators for aircraft. Battelle Institute Limited Barnet Instruments Limited M tn Hebei a Battelle Institute laboratory in Britain. correspondence re possibility of establishing Research on various instruments and i Correspondence and notes re use of dogs as experimental anima ? at Chemical Defence Org ganisation, Porton, for military investigations. 1933 Bergmann, S. Beghian, L. 1955 1936 E, Berg, 1933, 1940 FLA. Lindemann, CSAC 80/4/81 ec ycientific correspondence .° ee ll > ‘i - Berkeley, Earl of ae pol ocientific correspondence at various dates re problems in Berkeley's research. j 1928-35 : Includes some social correspondence re_ etc. with Lady Berkeley, 1934-45, visits, engagements, Berl, E. Berlin, |. re W. Heisenberg Bethe, H. Bhatnagar, S.S. Bickerdike, R. E. Blunt, J. A. on 'flying saucers’ Bodenstein - Cherwell's carbon only 1933 1933 1933 1944 T7500 1950 1933 Born, M. if. 2a; Wee 1920, 1933-38 1930 (one letter only), 1933-56 Scientific and persona | correspondence; the early letters (to September 1933) are in German. Correspondence 1933-34, refers to several refugee German scientists and to Born's and Cherwell's efforts on their behalf, including Teller, F. London, Kailmann, Stobbe, John. 1931, 1945, 1951 Includes various wartime suggestions put forward by Born, his views on Palestine, history of quantum theory, etc. Bowes, —. Bowers, K. Brabazon of Tara Bosch, Carl 1935 1957 1934, 1936 1940-56 “Ji D. F.A. Lindemann, Lord Cherwe CSAC 80/4/81 ites el gk ori OnNGeCNCEe ie Bragg, W. ie 1919-54 ye Genera! correspondence, various dates 1919-54, eet -P \] A“ / . } j i ik i; Includes one letter frorn Sir William Bragg (father of Sir Lawrence), 1933, and draft obituary of Sir William by Cherwell, written for Nature, 1942, fc n c . oo ° . % Also included is a little correspondence with Lady Bragg. Bridgman, P. W. 1950 British Association for the Advancement of Science 1932, 1949 Correspondence re Cherwell's contributions to meeting on ‘supra~conductivity', 1932, and invitation to him (declined) to serve on Section A Committee, 1949. Bronte-Stewart, R. Cherwell's carbon only Brooks, 401°: £. ae Brutzkus, J. 1957 1947 1933 Ve 1930 hd. 1943 1934-39 Gren 3. Surton. 4... Bullard, E.2 1949. A952, 1956 re German refugees Cahn, Heinz and Cahn, Hilda (eldest daughter of W. Nernst) Arrangements for settling in England. Correspondence of 1938 refers to Cherwell's acting as Trustee for Ursula Hahn, daughter of Angela Hahn and granddaughter of W. Nest. out magnetic observations at sea. Correspondence 1951-52 refers to attempts to save the non-magnetic ship Research, designed in 1935 to carry See also D.87, D.170, D.172 Work in’ Franck's laboratory re French stock of heavy water. Calvert, H.-R. 1919, 1951-52 Chadwick, J. Chapman, S. 1940 j ,e es Lindeman 80/4/81 2 OV/ 4/ © Colle, Cex He 1929-53 y inte + Correspondence re research in progress, publications, Visits, Gppointmenis, etc. at the Clarendon laboratory. ime aro a amine e ee 1 ce r Correspondence of 1935 refers to visit by Szilard; pondence of 1940 refers to work at Clarendon Laboratory on wartime contracts, corres- Gomoton, P 1 Ae HH: Gooke, Av H, 1934 1940 Cherwell's enquiry about use of high tension trans- re mission lines as guides for aircraft. Cookson, K. Corner,’ J. ms. note on primes. 1955 1957 Copeman, S. A. Monckton 1928-34 Treatment of cancer tumours by ‘activated’ fluorescin; includes correspondence on same subject with C. Gouldesbrough. Curtis, W. Courant, R. Cwilong, B. re German refugees Council for British Archaeology, and others 1949-56 Correspondence with Council and with colleagues in Oxford, re scientific methods, tests, etc. for archaeology and the history of art. list of his published papers. Correspondence of 1955 refers to Cherwell's election as Membre Correspondant, Académie des Sciences, and includes a 1915, 1955 de Broglie, Deut. Jso- de Bélinay 7thDuc M. L. V. oe. ta Pek £*.- OF J UWoAG 80/4/81 /Q / D.43-D.46 de Broglie, M. 6th Duc re f ondence 4 folders of scientific and persona | follows: correspondence as 1912-20 1921-40 1951-56 Mainly scientific correspondence on radiation experiments, publications, Solvay conference, sound-waves, etc. Includes correspondence re conferment of Hon. Degree on de Broglie at Oxford, June 1921, his award of Hughes Medal of the Royal Society, 1928, and of his election as Foreign Member of the Royal Society, 1940. Includes correspondence, 1948, re projected cross~channel radio conversation between Cherwell and de Broglie on 'Réle de la science dans !a civilisation’, to be recorded by Radio- diffusion Frangaise. Includes correspondence, 1955, re Cherwell's election as Membre Correspondant, Académie des Sciences. de Haas Dewar, J. 1946 1937 Dee, P. I. Cherwell's carbon only De La Rue and Co. Ltd., and others te Cherwell's part in development of HoS. See also correspondence with the de Pange and de Rochetaillée families. material re his retirement dinner in 1956. Includes early scientific correspondence, 1919-20, re and re Dobson's Lecturership in Meteorology at Oxford, and research re Cathode Ray tubes. Robsany 6... “M..* Bi 1955 197 1919-56 “iy Wnerws ia BP s. oe cc = E ae VY . SUDD DuMond, Dunworth, J. V. re Journal of Nuclear Energy, etc. aria . < DF Science. Eddington, A. S. 1913, 1932 1915, 1916, 1918, ] (Cherwell's carbon only of Mainly re publication of Cherwell's papers. Egeiton, A. <. °G, 1914-20, 1929, 1936, 1940, 1945 Scientific and personal correspondence. Egerton was one of Cherwell's earliest colleagues; he, his wife Ruth, and Cherwell had all worked in Nernst's laboratory befare the 1914-18 War, and he was Reader in Thermodynamics at Oxford from 1921 to 1936 when he moved to Imperial College, London. Most of the early letters are signed 'Jack'; Mrs. Egerton continued to address Cherwell as 'Peach' as late as 1936. 1954 Eggert, J. Ehrenfest, P. Correspondence of 1914 relates to Cherwell's and Egerton's attempts to assist war effort and includes a copy of their letter of 8 August 1914 offering their services to the War Office. 1914, 1926. Einstein, A, — and others. 2 and papers 1921-55 ted to Einstein's visits and lectures in Britain, ng some scientific exchanges and personal aa in lu material Correspondence 192] f re Einstein's visit, and lectures in Britain, Correspondence 1927 re Invitation to Einstein of Rhodes Memorial Lecturership. Cherwell was asked by the Trustees to extend an invitation to Einstein for 1928. but later declined for reasons of health. In his replies Einstein hoped to accept, Correspondence 1930-3] es oe Einstein at first declined because ef ill- re Renewed Invitation to Einstein of Rhode ‘Lectureishi Ip; ID health but Cherwell met him in Berlin in a visit to © Foi for April 1931. 19 20 and arranged Correspondence 193] Correspondence 1932-33 Includes a by Cherwell. 3 pp. outline of Einstein's life and work, prepared Mainly re Einstein's visit to Oxford as Rhodes Lecturer, during which he stayed in Christ Church; includes some scientific material, and information on the state of Germany, and invitation to Einstein to visit Christ Church on a regular basis. Theoretical Physics’, With Einstein and colleagues re visits and lectures. Includes some material re Einstein's de eparture from Germany. Cherwell's letter of 4 May 1933 discusses the possibility of helping Jewish refugees to work in Oxford; Einstein offers ‘ein Drittel' (one third) of me income towards helping refugee scientists in his letter of reply (7 May). Introductory remarks and 9 pp. typescript with ms. corrections of lecture 'Oa the Method of Delivered d by Einstein at Oxford in Trini ity Term 1933. Includes: Invitation to give lecture, p. ms. notes by Einstein. n ] 7 x The Herbert Spencer Lecture. and acceptance. t Mann, om QAFASO j 80/4/ © Fa 3f onden: ice Three. lectures on 'The Outlines and Out: standing Problems ot ine theory of Relativity’, given by Einstein at Oxford. jaan rp eet < 2? a & a oe ad ! ‘ . : ‘ Includes Einstein's ms. and types¢ script 3 pp. Summaries of the three ms. corrections by Cherwell and Einstein, le ctures, type 2 ss ict eee ot with Correspondence with Cherwell arising out of Einstein's visits, requests for information, etc. Wl, eZ Letter from Vice-Chancellor of Oxford, hoping Einstein could give Romanes Lecture for 1935, Coirsspandience re Income Tax payable by Einstein in respect of his Research Students ship at Christ Church, 1932. Miscellaneous invitations and appeals addressed to Einstein on his visits to England, from individuc ils, societies, etc. Some with Einstein's reply. 1932, 1933 Cherwell arranged, provide gea, secretarial assistance for Einstein, who was too modest to ask for such help himself.) at Mrs. Einstein's request, to p g 1 Sis Correspondence 1938 Correspondence 1934-35 Correspondence 1941 political situation in Europe, and re Siegf saeaiigel in the Isle of Man Mainly re a portrait of Einstein by Liebermann, Letters from Einstein re re Jewish refugee scholars in need of assistance fried Rothschild, a German Jewish refugee chemist for whom Einstein requested 1947 re Emergency Committee of Atomic Scientists. re books for the Hebrew University at Jerusalem. Correspondence 1944 Correspondence 1945 i everai texts, additions, amendme ae ba pence ris sh a Live M ‘the obituary, and Cherwell's letter returning cheque. o reproduce Cherwell's obituary of Einstein or information about him. 7 respondence 1950 Dp Radiotherapy at O) Includes a letter from A.D. Gardner. Evelegh, V. eves, Jeo Fk. On detection of mines by dogs. Fajans, K. Felix, A. Finlay-Freundlich, E. 1935 1933 1949 Fleischer, R. 1913, 1924 Scientific and personal correspondence, variously addressed ‘Dear Boy', 'Dear boy, Doctor and Professor in spe', and Lieber Peach'. Fletcher, W. 1926-31 Franck, J. 1913-33 Florey, H. W. Fowler, A. 1938-44 1920 re Paper by M.N. Saha. re Light Committee, and work on X-ray tubes for treatment of tumours. Scientific and personal correspondence, including invitation to Franck (1933) to accept a Research Fellowship at Wadham College should he be obliged to leave Germany, 1950 Scientific and personal correspondence re collaboration with Frank in radioactive medical research, and arrange- ments for him to settle and practice in England. was a brother-in-law of F.E. Simon, q.v.) Freeth, F. A. Fucks, W. Frank, Ludwig 1936-40, 1950-56 (Frank 1927 CSAC 80/4/8 OV) 1/81 AA Gabor, D. Clu... VWUNng, W. Vv nce ‘aa 1956 1936-37 Arrangements to settle in England. Gallop, J WwW. On cyclotron, 1950, 1951 re Gemant 1933 Arrangements to work in Oxford. Gilchrist, L. 1920 Git, Ey 4. 8B. 1937, 1950, 1954 Goodrich, E. 5S. Grad, H. Gratiag, ©. Ay Griffin, F. A. and others c.1934 1950 1933 1954 re Awards for services to international aganisations. Griggs &. 4 J. Haber, F. 1933-34 cates re research Grn, FO; 1929-4] By 1939 Guchnik, P. Gueben, G. 1933 1931 1948 Griffiths, J..2°H. (includes letter from G.P. Thomson, 1938, re Griffiths) Miscellaneous correspondence of various and affairs of the Clarendon Laboratory. See also D.32, D.170, D.172 Arrangements for him to settle in Cambridge; also includes correspondence re H. Kallmann. Requesting reference from Cherwell to assist in settling in London, (Son-in-law of Nernst.) vg LS bed d Hahn, Ac” Fe 1938 ICIENTITIC and personal re orrespondence with and re Halban, On Boltzmann's formula. Hamilton, H. Hammick, D. Li lardy, G, H. 1929 1933 1920 1936 Requesting help far refugee sci entists, Hartley, H. Harvey, J. B. D, Cherwell's carbon only, Herzog, R. O, 1930, 1940, 1944, 1954 fc. n.d. Hinshelwood, C. N. n.d., 1948, 1955 Hirschlaff, E. 1933 Hurst, Imperia! a). Houtermans, F. ; 1933 193] 1928-43 reFunds for Szilard, Hudson, T. Cy Hume-Rothery, W. Cherwell's carbon on ly. General correspondence on research, grants, accommodation. Various dates. 1931 ondence ted (1.C.1.), 1931-56 . Cherwell was a member of the firm's Research Council until : al ‘. ° ce ah wef ge In dhim hi to resign, Ltt when his official position obliged to giving his advice and co Ha tboration on various research with the firm's laboratories, Cherwell was a persona] 193 oF ad dit fe on cites friend of successive Chairmen and off me cials, and in punttenh ar of Sir Harry (later Lord) McGowan and members of the Mond and Melchett families. These personal contacts enabled him in 1933 to obtain the agreeme ont of McGowan to his j journey to Germany to interview Jewish scie hs, wishing to leave the country, and the later financing by 1. C.1.-of research posts for such refugee scientists, at Oxford a elsewhere. 1.C.1. continued its contribution to research at Oxford and else- where through the provision of I.C. 1. Fellowships (D.111, D.112). After the Second World War, The material includes a few personal exchanges as well as information about research projects, personnel, etc. The corres- pondence in the 1930s is mainly with McGowan; during the 1940s there are substantial exchanges with Melchett (Henry Mond) on various offensive and defensive weapons under research and development by I.C.1, The material is presented chronologically, with a brief indication es of content. The correspondence is indexed, 7 x 1933 1932. 1930-31 Section G, see Section K. Mond and Melcheit families, There is no surviving correspondence dated For correspondence and papers on wartime projects, see For personal and social correspondence with members of the n Britain, etc., also general co rrespondence on research projects. Two envelopes of visiting cards of German scientists, almost all with ms. notes salaries, family circumstances, etc. Cherwell during his journey to Germany to interview and negotiate with scientists wishing to leave the oe and papers, ncludes authorisation and arrangements for Cherwell's journey o Germany, list of Jewish scientists to be supported py 1. Cos by Cherwell on their specialities, languages, catlected | by Probably country. F.A. Lindemann, CSAC 80/4/81 / Orres pondence and papers. Includes memo. by Cherwell and Rintoul to the Chairman (Mc Gowan) 'On the employment of foreign scientists', 24 July 1934, One letter only. Correspondence and papers, PURSls; preparations for war. e comments onresearch proposals PhOP ’ 1935 1936 1937 Correspondence and papers. pap i Includes correspondence re Oxford University Appeal, and memo. by Cherwell on appropriate research for 1.C.1. to pursue (26 June), and some personal correspondence. 1938 p t i r Y fe Correspondence and papers, mainly re research. 1939 Correspondence re dissolution of I1.C.1. Research Council and offering Cherwell appointment (declined) as special consultant. Includes copy of Cherwell's letter to Lady Mond on the death of Sir Robert Mond, stressing his financing of Jewish refugee scientists and especially the work of K. Mendelssohn (29 November). cessation of work for 1.C.1. on taking up war work. Typescript report by Melchett on his visit to the United States, 29 October 1940. Brief correspondence with McGowan, re F.E. Simon's Correspondence with Melchett, re cartridges, etc. 1940 194] F.A. Lindemann, CSAC 80/4/81 1 ~ ord Cnerwel ondence j ence, reports, notes of meetings and discussions Fh thea eves ich aes my ii + ee te Sa i ‘ : Cae p on various wartime projects and weapons, including the ‘Straw Bembard, anti-gas ointment, various explosives, nuclear bomb, etc. Pulp! process for animal foodstuffs, the Rae hea a ° , ; ° sticky bomb', January-March. Includes also notes from Melchett on the 1 behaviour of J ews in the London blitz, and on the relations J between government and industry in America, April-May. July-October. and a letter on the launching of 'Endeavour'. Includes memo. and costing of 'uranium bombs’, October. Brief correspondence re deferment of !|.C.1. personnel. 1942 Correspondence and papers, papels, post-war cooperation with America. mainly | y fe re economic policy y: p and re 1943 1944 1945 'P.1.A.T.' (Projector, Infantry, Anti-Tank). See J.54 for correspondence and papers, 1944, from Melchett re the situation in Palestine. Includes papers re 1.C.1.'s proposals to establish 1.C.1. Fellowships in scientific subjects at nine British universities. 1956 on 1.C.1. and Universities for correspondence with Melchett re =f Includes material re on '1.C.1.'s technical achievements during the war’. 1.C.1. Fellowships, and printed Report Miscellaneous shorter correspondence: 1949 on Melchett's death economic affairs, Israel, etc., 1948 1947 re Bombard .76 Capen oe Aanes cienrivic Corresponacence rene India Office 1928~30 Corres pon dence an df ape rs member of the committee 'to enquire into the future activities of the Forest Research Institute, Dehra Dun’. re Cherwell's visit to India as a 1G Includes invitation, terms of reference, travel arrangements, letters of thanks. Ingram, C. 1916 Institute of Physics (various dates) 1933-56 D.116, D.117 Jackson, D. A. Personal and scientific correspondence; from Pamela Jackson. includes some letters Mainly scientific correspondence on research and career. 1929-4] 1941-52 Jeffreys, H. on meteors 1916, 1919 Joachim, H. 1934 Jeans; J. A. re possible work in England. Mainly personal correspondence including arrangements for purchase and half-shares with Cherwell in Guernsey cows (see also A.107). Includes material re Cherwell's draft of account of 'Window! for Churchill's history of the war (see also G. 348). 1921 1951 on history of 'packing fraction' 1926 Includes letters from G. Weinkler. Johnson, Re. Cz 1930-33 dO, She. ; A F.A. Lindemann ; meet CSAC 80/ AL © TA /O On ‘/ | ° _ »cientific correspondence “re ' Ny 1931-55 Scientific and personal correspondence. Jones was an undergraduate at Wadham, and later as a research student at the Clarendon was responsible for work on infra-red radiation undertaken for the Air Ministry. His progress, described as 'remarkable' and 'excellent' (see D.123) led to his being appointed to the Scientific Research staff of the Ministry, to continue the work partly at the Clarendon Laboratory and partly at the Royal Air- craft Establishment, Farnborough. gres Jones did important work in scientific intelligence at the Air Ministry, notably on radio and radar counter-measures, from 1939. 1931, 1936-37 Includes correspondence re infra-red radiation research and Jones's appointment, and a copy of his 'Interim report on the detection of infra-red radiation from aero- planes', 22 March 1936, which attracted very favourable attention. DD lag 1951-59 1942, 1945-48 Also included here is Cherwell's letter to Wimperis (Secretary, Air Ministry), 11 December 1935, suggesting that Jones should undertake the work. Includes copy of Jones's report on 'A new infra-red spectrometer’, 10 June 1945, correspondence re his appointment to the Chair of Natural Philosophy, Aberdeen, and copy of a letter from Churchill requesting details of the 'most memorable episode’ when Jones advised him of the 'beam danger’. 1928-33 Correspondence with Kallmann, scientific colleagues and financial supporters re Kallmann's coming to work in Britain. Although space and funds were forthcoming, Kallmann proved cavalier and hard to please, and the offer lapsed. personal correspondence. Katzenstein, R. Scientific and Kallmann, H. p 1933-34 Li idemann, Lord Cher > 80/4/81 Scientific correspondence Kay,R. D.129-D.134 Keeley, T.: C; 1957 919-55 Scientific and personal correspondence. Keeley was one of Cherwell's oldest colleagues at the Clarendon and at Wadham College, Oxford. He was Cherwell's second-in-command at the Clarendon and shouldered much of the routine administration during Cherwell's absences and especially during the Second World War. 1919 (Keeley's acceptance of post at Oxford), 1928, 1929 1930-39 Includes arrangements for arrival of K. Mendelssohn, 1932, and plans for wartime research teams at Clarendon working on Admiralty contract (1939). 1940 Research and administration of the Clarendon Laboratory, mainly wartime projects and contract work. Letter of 12 September discusses keeping chickens near the laboratory to ensure fresh eggs for Cherwell. 1941-44 1943-44 1947-55 Correspondence on research projects and administration at he Clarendon Laboratory. Correspondence re recommendation of Keeley for an honour (the C.B.E. was awarded in 1944), Includes accounts by Bowra, Cherwell and others of Keeley's work at the Clarendon Laboratory. 16 February 1954, Correspondence re research and administration at the Clarendon Laboratory. y, Includes correspondence re a portrait of Keeley painted for his 60th birthday and presented to him on . . Lindema: ae F cs SAG 80/4 / 8] D.135-D. 138 King, E. Bolton idence 1928-56 Kine was a Duke of Westminster Research Student Bore f Christ Church and closely associated with Cherwell before the Second World War, particularly with reference to the Oxford Instrument Company set up to produce photo- electric cells. Duri ing the Sec ond World War Bolton King worked on proximity fuzes, and in 1947 he was appointed Director of the Science Department of the British Council; details of his career can be found in the references provided by Cherwell in D.138, D. 234. There are also a few letters from O. Bolton King (father). See B.106, C.54 for further material relating to the Oxford Instrument Company. 1928-37 ‘1938-40 Includes material re Cherwell's proposed visit to America in 1938, and re various wartime contracts and projects, particularly on proximity fuzes. See also correspondence with G.C. Simpson, D.234, See also G.393, G.394, K&hne, E. 1942-46 1947-56 in Ba some personal correspondence re Cherwell's ‘randing as god-father to Bo ft on King's daughter. Mainly personal correspondence re appointments; also includes material re winding-up of Oxford Instrument Company. J. re and including letter from Friedrich Kottler. Koch de Gooreynd, T. Kraitchik, M. Kommerz, R. K. 1935 1944 1938 Lange, F. Lenihan, e prime numbers. 1953 Lennard-Jones Lewis, W. C, Liebermann, M. 1920 194] Lindemann, C., bs 1939-43 Cherwell's brother was Paris, 1939-40, and at the British Embassy, Washington, 1940-47. He held the rank of Counsellor from January 1942, Liaison Officer at the British Embassy, The correspondence includes discussion of various ideas for wartime projects, weapons, etc., and news of visitors to U.S.A. and of Anglo-American joint projects. letters are often long and informative and include some personal material, C.L. Lindemann's See \.95-A.97 for additional personal correspondence with C.L. Lindemann. 1939-April 1940 Includes press-cuttings, material re mines. July 1940-1942 1943-1944 See also H.172 1933 London, H. re B. 1948 Lorenz, H. A. Lovell, A. C. arrangements to work in Oxford, Includes some correspondence re Fritz Londm (brother). McKerrow, G. MacGregor-Morris, J.T. iMacinneid. as => Ke. oC: Ludlam, E. B. re Meteors. 1913, 1914 1930-31 Mc Lean, R, A / MacLennan, H be re Radioactive gauze swabs. McNeill, -~ G. Maggini, M. March, - Cherwell's carbon Matthias, A. Mayer, E. re help for a Ge re Meitner, L. 36 19 Miscellaneous correspondence (both dates) re possible arrangements for Meitner to work in Britain, 1. Mellanby, E. 1940, 1942 Scientific a. K. 1933-46 Includes correspondence Duke of Eewarshire 3 that St John's Wort might be a feature in night blindness. a suggestion of the 1942 re ] and personal correspondence. Mendelssohn was one of the distinguished Jewish scientists who left Germany in 1933. He worked in low-temperature physics and other projects at the Clarendon Laboratory. Mendelssohn was supported by one of the 1.C.1. grants, and later by a personal grant from Sir Robert Mond. Cherwell's letters of 29 asteber 1936 and 1 May 1939 refer to these arrangements. Scientific Adviser. Mainly correspondence with Merton and others re various wartime projects. to Merton to join M.D.1. as Honorary Includes Cherwell's invitation (July 1942) Includes a copy of a letter from Mond, November 1936. See also D.100, D.184. 1926, 1940-43, 1947 Menger, W. 193] Merton, T. R. Scientific corresponde i Meyer, ae ae Michelson, A. A, One letter only, re 'earth-tide experiment’. Milne, E. A. 1928-50 Personal and scientific correspondence, including Milne's appointment at Oxford, his research, various Oxford University matters, etc. Minns, W. Maglich, F. re Cherwell's paper on Planck. Molson, A. H. €E. 1952, 39 a0 1948 1933 re Entry permits for Jewish refugee scientists and supporting Cherwell's initiative in the matter. Mond Nickel Company Limited 1939 Correspondence and papers, mainly re toxicity of Iron Carbonyl. Mott, N. F. re Use of X=rays on works of art. 1954 1936-42 1955 1944 Scientific and personal correspondence. Moullin, E.B. a National Gallery of Art,Washington 1946 Includes letter re Wykeham Chair of Physics, 1942. Includes some printed matter re the Company and its activities. Brief correspondence re Philosophical Magazine. Science Co-operation Service', a copy of which is included. Mainly re Needham's Memorandum on an "International and others 1911-49 sherweli worked in Nernst's laboratory in Berlin from 1908, as one of the team of scientists and research students investigating the specific heats of substances at low temperatures. Cherwell took his doctorate in Berlin in 1910 and published several collaborative papers with Nernst. Germany at the outbreak of war in 1914 but remained on ve ary friendly terms with Nernst. Cherwell left The correspondence deals with scientific and personal matters; the latter include Nernst's visit to Britain in 1937 and the conferment of an Honorary Degree at Oxford, and matters relating to Nernst's widow Emma and doughters Hilda (Mrs. Cahn, see D.32), Edith and Angela (Mrs. Hahn, see D.87). See A.3 for material relating to Cherwell's studies in Germany. The correspondence, most of which by chrondogically; it consists almost entirely of ones from Nernst, few of Cherwell's replies aa the letters bear numbers and/or annotations added by previous users of the collection, and some have translations appended. in German, is presented survived, Many of 19] ee 3 pp. ms. only of a course of lectures on ] Einstein's quanta-theory, in English) 19] 3 1921-27 1915 (re Nernst) Included here are 4 undated pages of ms. calculations on gases by Nernst on the writing-paper of his Berlin laboratory. Ursula Hahn. (See also Cahn, H.) Includes correspondence re Nernst's visits to Oxford in 1936 and 1937 (for Honorary Degree at Oxford), and re Cherwell's acting as Trustee for Nernst's granddaughter 194] P Hi t.. ot Cherwell's obituary notice cs, SOR, proof with ms. corrections. ph cee alee. te 2. eee ah ae / ager tor Coe al the Royal Society; 1 2 a R- 7 Included here isa 2 pp. undated note by Cherwell toa colleague, beginning 'Would you please save me from an immediate lapse into lunacy with the following ridiculous deduction from Nernst's Third Law?! out what is wrong peren yey | ete ae b g =, £ . ° 1946-49 Correspondence with and re Mrs Nernst and her daughters. In 1946 Cherwell requested permission for Mrs Nernst (then aged 75 and recenily escaped from the Russian zone of Germany having lost all her property) to come to Britain o live with her daughter and son-in-law Cahn (q.v.). In 1947 he help Dp iter youngest aaug Britain to vis | i j isit her mother. ed to facilitate the journey of Nemst's Brazil to te Angela (Hahn, q.v.) from re ' oe ic and personal Corre Pon JEnce,. 1927-54 | 2 : ; we oetzlin's notes on experime »ndon ee in sonducted | by him 1925, « anda letter re O'Gorman, M., 1932 re Cherwell's letter to The Times, May 1932, Oppenheimer, H. F. 1952 D.175 1937-40, 1954 personal correspondence, various dates. Mainly on meteorites, re X-ray photography of paintings. Farry, Pauling, L. 1919 1948 reall f Perrin, 1951-56 Peierls, R E (Cherwell's carbon only) of Christ Church re Pauling's re with Pauling's tenure of S carbon to Dean ably in robak s additional obituary note for F.E. Simon, George Eastman Professorship, Oxford,1948. The Physical Society and The Physica! Society Club te help for F. Ehrenhaft. General correspondence, in Guthrie Lecture by Gleseick paper shortage (1947), etc. dinner for Einstein (1933), ), obituaries of fellows, Two letters only, on wartime projects. Pilley, J. Pirenne, M. Plaskett, Ho H. -H. i 7 1938 Scientific co 1937, 1950 Poskiit, °F..." R, 193% Includes a letter from R. Whidd ington, 193] Poulton EP, re X-ray tubes. Prichard, H.-A; Pringsheim, P. Proudman, J. Pryce, M. Quilter, invention, Rabinowitsch, E. 1933 Arrangements to come to England. d Radernacher, H. 1934 Rado, R. 1933-36, left Berlin Mond! S Correspondence Rado, and i le tter agreeing to 'fund a scholar- is goley with colleagues re support for Rado was a mathematician who in August Tosa, and worked first in Cambridge before obtaining university posts at Sheffield, London and Reading. His financial support was originally provided by a personal grant from Siz Robert Mond, paid through Cherwell personally. Boot and S$ Sayers. lond's support for refugee re Inventors' Award for the cavity magnetron for Randall, e. L c ! ssional corres- Raikes, 7 H. Randell. Jos Tt: A AMCFIiCA eee ida and South Includes Memorandum and bi iographical information on ‘how to utilise best our French scientists who are already on this side’, Rayleigh, Lord 1915, 1921, 1926-27 Scientific correspondence; includes a little social corres= pondence from Lady Rayleigh. The ear sa correspondence (1915) on fluorescence, is signed R.J. Strutt (Rayleigh succeeded fo the title in 9 TP). Breslau. Renwick, Lord 1945-46, Early corres spondence is re wartime matters. Later correspondence is re Radio and Electronic Component Manufacturers Fe ederation and re The Radar Association. Roat, PD. m 1 ( ar w Ritson, D 1954 195 1940 Riley, D. etters only. Foundation Robertson, R. cde I on Laboratory. re Work on contract ait 1919, 1934, 1937-38, 1945 resonance carried out under Admiralty activities of i Miscellaneous shorter correspondence re membership and re various pre-war and wartime projects. 2 Royal Aeronautical Socie .° Various wartir 1 Rowe, A. P., ! - . 1945-56 ; : ‘ae 1935 K 1936-45 ’ his ads iy Pehide invites ae sl of I S it the Society correspondence Chewietn oO} bituary no typescript to accep’ correspondence 195] draft mination to Board of Management tice of Lord Rayleigh saac Newton Obama’ f See D.198, servatory 1949, 1955-56 laneous correspondence re meetings and members of of Management, Isaac Newton Observatory, on sard which Cherwell served as a Royal Society and later as a Royal Astronomical Society representative. See D.197. 1932-33 9 is ee of the Society, . Chapman, D.200-D.214 The Royal Society 1919-57 Cherwell was electec Council and on various of its Sectional and ad hoc committees, published and refereed publications in participated in its Proc eedings s, and its meetings and elections. 19 1919, served on its the socials in The material, which is presented chronologically, covers all A brief indication these aspects of the Society's activities. of content is given where appropriate, and the correspondence is indexed. Meetings, papers submitted for publication, formation of National Committee in Physics (Cherwell was one of the Society's representatives), dinners for Sherrington. 1926-31 Cherwell's nomination to Council, pe (includes Cherwell's recommendation of Foreign Member, 1928). tage ins, elections de Broglie as a . le ti 1933-36 toe ay 1938-42 on 'The Structure of Nuc lei! , Fell owships discussiot publications, elections. Meetings (includes draft of Cherwell's contribution to Meetings, Cherwell's nomination to Committee on exp! ishaiten of stratosphere, elections, publications. ondence, printed matter. ndence re F.W. Edridge-Green and colour v earch Committee, on chic Cherwell « pe ee report of Cornmittee brief correspondence re Post War on Siiiols. Cherwell! Meetings, publications, tuary ore arnst. 1 =] fon Obscervatons- xewton Observatory, the General Board, ee that Gener crak ave ren proposais,; wate pop les iimciudes ts to the Board of Management, a kA poe ek i} o , + Ni National ° ri Physical Lal 2oratory, committee (renewed 1953). al and the Paul Instrument Fund — ' s Termination of Cherwell's service on Gassiot Committee, his a oe intment to Sect research proposals, publice re Committees, etc. aR Committee for Ph elections, 10 S, vi tre f c ' ce and printed matter re Paul Instrument Phy /S1CS Sectional Committee, elections. se ions, aablieas tions, termination of Cherwell's service on e ae oe rional Committee. PALS | irch proposals, puk rerwell's service on General Board, Natimal elections, publications, res aes projects. research grants and proposals, Memoir of F.E. Simon. ! onaence 1933 f for Baverwald, and others 1933 re Use of X-rays in medicine and Cherwell's invention of small X-ray tubes. Russell, H. Russell, R. S. Rutherford, Lord 192] 1949 1914-21 Gaseh Pied sire Gs on scientific and personal correspondence. Rutherford was one of Cherwell's supporters for the Oxford Chair, to which reference is made. rraAcn le a | D.219 D.220 Ryle, G. Ruleg ges As 1942 1936, 1939 Mainly re M. Ryle (q.v.) eae 16, 1 t hk. Freuniie A; Ryle, M. pampson, 1948, 1955 7° on cinsrel Letter of 1939 (Cherwell's carbon only) refers to work planned for Ryle at the Clarendon on short wireless waves, which he i did not undertake as he moved to the Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge. Schilovsky, P. D.224, 220 Schr&dinger, Annemaria Schrédinger Mg made de 1933-39 Cherwell played a major part ST leave Germany in 1933; Schr&dinger settled in Oxford, where in assisting Schr&dinger to BY O29 ‘ i F ell OW of Mage Jalen College and also received he was a financial support from 1.C.1. and the Rockefeller Foundation. In 1926 he took up an appointment at Graz and in 1939 moved to Dublin as the first Professor of Theoretical Physics in the newly~formed 'Institute for Advanced Studies’. The Sp pondence leals mainly with arrangements for Schréc some scientif ic material and references to Einstein, Cahn, etc. support, etc., but includes housing, financial r's 1935-39 ! OD V. Includes some material relating to Schr& S position S under the German occupation of Mesa ee his move to Dublin. | 1926 ms. note of Schwers, F. 1921, 1931 Seely, J.B. Cherwell's Sidgwick, N. 1912, 1983, 1915 Ona mathematical puzzle, with Cherwell's solution. -arlier correspondence ref jee to the collaborative paper Schwers and Preniell published in 1913 (Phys. Z., 14). Two letters only, on research projects. { a | neip, Simon y on low 1e@ Separation of uranium jsoto: pes 528 . abe. ! 7 ee . i He remained ai the > C idrendon or the rest of his ae a ‘Kat had been appointed Cherwell's successsor as Dr Lee's Professor of Experimental Physics and head of the Laboratory in 1956, but died of a sudden heart attack in October of that year. < 1 j Simon was one of Cherwell's most re espected colleagues anda close personal friend; there are a few references to Simon's family with whom Cherwell was on relaxed terms. riendly and unusual ly £ i The correspondence deals with various scientific and wartime projects, conferences and publications, as well as some personal matters relati Simon's settling in Britain, financial support, narura iisarion, ‘ |: ° persona | correspon den ce. 4 use of liquid November 1939-June 1943 Includes arrangements for Simon to bring his appx him when he settled in Britain, and 2 pp. undat by Simon) on 'Radioactive Measurements at Very Low Temperatures’. Correspondence and papers on the possible hydrogen as fuel for balloons or aircraf 7 ae with D.R. Pye but includes Simon's memo. on subject sent to C. L. Lindemann, August 1940, anda further report by him on the subject, April 1942. Simon, ‘ibutes to Simon by Cherwell, and biographical e and papers on isotope separation and heavy © correspondence yn the death of Thomson, Letters of c 1938 1955 1933 1921, 1935 1935 yoo 1956 Smith, R. Sollers, W. c vomme rfe Id Southwell, R. Spottiswoode, N. tern, O. Stuart, J. essorial salaries, ~orresponaence o neutrons’ bal 2h ene radium res hy Include excited io capture of neutrons’, January 1937 re Szilard from L.R. Groves, 1948. aper by Szilard and Griffiths ; se hia . ( ' p 44 is Tay re Es h and . Correspo ndenc Tansley, Ye A. to cet ou | Mess' with Cherwell). 1916-21 is on various aer some personal material (Taylor was one a s contribution various other projects during the 1951 includes an interest ucing from a newspaper phe tograph of redMeis. 5. Units. the likely d levelop ment of -.G. Donnan) 1933 ond World War. sateen research Thom, A. Thirring, AA 1 ao e fie xe 1 iG. 192] ictcnmncithernat tha? re met Cherwell d Pal eC liow Wwmper or ne ita he was he was the author of the Memoir of ¢ Cherwell for the: Royal Society (Bix ographical Mer moirs of Fe ellov WS_ of the ! >, and remained on Vorld War asa see nud of 8 erms; M le ly tt Roy ral S > ve 4, 1958). '. letters, ¢.1918-21, describe research in Cambridge, The Boil including collaborative work with F. W. Aston (q.v.) on isotope separation, Correspondence 1936 refers to Thomson's serious illness Correspondence 1939-41 refers to various wartime projects including Thomson's appointment as Scientific Liaison Officer, Canada, and his wife's illness and death. Correspondence also Solider. with various members of Thomson's family is Tizard, ie Kath en and sg Tizard 1913-46 1939 about little Traube, J. om include Townsend, J. General correspondence on scientific projects, with a personal material and letters from Kathleen Tizard. Lett ers 1914-20 are very friendly in tone and often addressed to 'De sar Lindy’. Includes correspondence with Nature re their note on Townse retirement, 1946, Appeal for financial support to work in Britain. 936 Ww ith ue pure et lpduetiias onal scientific assistant, Seoand Wor! id War he was Cherwell's oo especially in the design { c In 1944 he went to America to of shaned charge weapons. continue atomic ape. and was involved in test explosions there, and in 1946 at Bikini. in 1947 but took up an academic post in America in 1949, The correspondence deals with various as pects of Tuck's career and research, includi ling various eubtine projects, equipment, appointments, etc, He re turned to the Clarendon * ction F for other wartime contributions by Tuck. Bae . ! ° scriptions of the Bikini Tufnell, E Tufnell, L. ory ord ment, Harwell Correspondence re meetin gs, Appointments, conferences and Open re visa for Helene Braun. Correspondence with Society for the Protection of and Learning. Valcarenghi, A. Veblen, O. F. Urbach Days, et 1938 D, Gi on ae F.A. Lindemann, Lord ¢ CSAC OQ) 80/ 4/81 / er Scientific correspondence Vickers, D. 1919-36 Correspondence re financial support for research at the Clarendon Laboratory, and various research problems and projects. See also B.4. von Engel de Janosy, A. 1952-57 von Lave, M. Walls, RoR. Walz, H. 1934, 1948, 1952 1945 1949 Requesting help for a German scientist prisoner of war. Watson-Watt, R. 1941, 1950, 1952, 1956-57 Mainly re radar, and Watson-Watt's intention to work in ‘Canada. Included here isa letter, March 1945, from Secretary of State for Air re possible appointment of Watson-Watt as Scientific Adviser to the Air Ministry. (a) (b) 1939-42, 1944 Weissberger, A. Weizmann, C. — and others re Cherwell's help in his coming to Oxford. Fermentation process for 100 octane ketones from carbohydrates; Correspondence, reports, memoranda, committee papers re research proposals by Weizmann. These concerned: Cracking process for producing toluene from petroleum. c.1934 Includes correspondence with Mountbatten, strongly advocating support for Weizmann's proposals, anda later letter, 1944, from Cherwell to Ernest Bevin on an alcohol fermentation process by Weizmann. Cherwell's carbon only. Whienend, J. H.« .Cy Westphal, W. M. Whiddington, R. Whites... C. 1936 1914 1944 1919 F.A. Lindemann, Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 Scientific cor respondence Whittaker, E. T. 1949-50 Mainly on Eddington. Wilson, R. Wimperis, H. E. 1950-51 1939, 1941 Correspondence 1939 on pilotless aircraft; correspondence 1941 on underwater explosions and re G.I. Taylor (qwv.). Windaus; A. .O. R, Plans for coming to England. Winternitz, P. Request for help in emigrating. Wood, R. W. 1933 1938 1944 Includes photographs of jet from fixed hollow charge. Wright, E. M. 1938-57 Wrinch, D. WwW re Titel. A. 1948 ae Correspondence, drafts, etc. on mathematical problems. Cherwell regarded Wright as his ‘father confessor’ and sub- mitted his calculations and draft papers on primes for comment. A little personal correspondence is included. Letter from R. Furth asking help for Za¢ek and other Czech See C.73-C.75, C.77 for other work by Cherwell on mathematics. Includes Cherwell's recommendation for a Research Fellowship for Dr Wrinch, 1939. professors. FLA, Lindemann, Lord Cherwe!}l CSAC 80/4/81 SECTION E PUBLICATIONS, LECTURES, SPEECHE (Including letters to the Press) Sto 2). SCIENCE | ¢. 1925 G/ Eger ~ £.60 POLITIGS 1926 = 57 E.6) - E.103 EDUCATION 1931 - 57 E.104-E.137 INVITATIONS AND CORRESPONDENCE at & 57. 133 The material is of heterogeneous nature, including drafts or notes for Cherwell's own speeches, lectures or articles, his many letters to the national and local news- papers, his contributions to debates in the House of Lords, and his memoranda and minutes to ministers or government officials. | Each sub-section is presente chronological order so far as this is ascertainable; correspondence relating to a particular item has been left in place. lt should be noted that most of the drafts or fair typescripts for Cherwell's speeches in the House of Lords, 1941 - 57, were destroyed in April 1965 during a appears at E.22, by Cherwell. previous sorting of his papers. A note made at that time explaining the decision See Sections F, G, Hand J for many other official memoranda and minutes prepared and reflect Cherwell's advocacy of an expansion in technological and scientific letters from editors of journals and newspapers, radio producers, publishers, con- received several requests to write his memoirs, or his recollections of Churchill, all ference organisers, etc. inviting Cherwell to speak, write or attend meetings. He Several of the later invitations are from schools and educational establishments, The miscellaneous correspondence in this Section (E.104 - E.137) includes of which he refused. F.A. Lindemann, Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 : Pi ] . Publications, lectures, speecnes je ft : E . . education. Much of the materia! from 1950 onwards is concerned with this, and includes — —a seas —_ oe Rivne oe er technological education with funds from the Churchill 80th Birthday Trust, and (E.100) the draft for a speech or article on the subject, on which Cherwell was working immediately before his death in July 1957. For further correspondence and papers on the organisation of scientific and technical research see G.526 - G.533. FLA. Lindemann, CSAC 80/4/81 i Lord Cherwell Publications, lectures, speeches . bik blac a le Sc wl oe SCIENCE Ms. draft for untitled talk on the role of science in society. n.d. Ms. and typescript draft for talk on progress in science and invention. n.d., ¢c.1925. Letters to Daily Telegraph and The Times, on the high cost of radium, May 1929, Includes correspondence, and a request for an article on radium for The Times. Correspondence arising from a letter by Cherwell to The Times on the curvature of space, May 1932, Ms. draft for a lecture on 'Splitting the Atom', perhaps given at Oxford for a visit by Churchill. introductory remarks about Churchill.) (Includes Sent with 5 pp. (incomplete). n.d. 8 pp. typescript + 1 fig. Article on biological adaptation. Churchill. Paper on electromagnetic induction, prepared for F.E. Smith, as information for engineers. a covering letter, February 1938. Short article on low temperature research at the Clarendon, with a ms. note 'Dictated for News Chronicle, Feb. 11th 1938'. c.1945 Anecdote ona 'Death Ray', perhaps for newspaper publication. 13 pp. typescript with ms. corrections, October 1938. On evolution of the earth. Probably prepared for : 12 pp. typescript. 1938. 'The River of Life’. FLA. Lindemann, Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 Publications, lectures, speeches Contribution to 'Science Survey', a series on B.B.C, Light Programme, 1946, Cherwell took part, with Andrade, Robinson and Le Gros Clark, in 'An Oxford Session', 5 July. Transcript of broadcast. Schedule of complete series. Correspondence re broadcast, and re publication of the series; Cherwell refused a fee for his participation, See alsoC.76. 2 pp. comment on proposed combined school of science and philosophy at Oxford, Contributed to Universities Quarterly, June 1947.’ Review of P.M.S. Blackett, 'Military and Political Consequences of Atomic Energy', 1948, Written for Daily Telegraph. and Article, ‘Britain's red scientists', published in Sunday Dispatch, January 1949, Article on low temperature research at Oxford, for The Times 'Progress in Science’ supplement, 1950. 6 pp. typescript with ms. corrections. Editorial correspondence. Correspondence arising from Cherwell's review of Blackett's book, 1949, Copy of drafts for both articles, with covering letter. Proof copy of Sunday Dispatch article, Continued Speeches to Society of Chemical Industry, July 1954, Cherwell received the Messel Medal of the Society, delivered the Messel Lecture (not included) on the importance of technology and fundamental research to industry, and also spoke at the lunch and the dinner given on the occasion, { nerwe Publications, lectures, speeches E.16 (cont'd. ) Notes { c rT or speecnes ° | Correspondence re visit and publication o& Messel Lecture. Includes a letter from E.B. Chain endorsing Cherwell's views on technological training. See also A.67. "Close to absolute zero'. Letter to The Times on research at the Clarendon Laboratory, October 1954, (Press-cutting. ) ‘Physics and Philosophy’. The first Robert Grosseteste Memorial Lecture, delivered in the Chapter House, Lincoln Cathedral, 21 May 1955. Correspondence with Dean re delivery and printing of lecture. Correspondence with O.U.P. re printing and circulation of lecture. Copy of published version. Typescript and ms. draft. Correspondence and drafts re essay and photographs. See also A.10-A.17, C.11-C.31. Contribution to brochure prepared for the Jubilee of the Royal Aircraft Establishment, Farnborough, 1955. Cherwell's essay contained recollections of the 'Chudleigh Mess', and his work on spinning flight, bombsights, etc. for talks or articles. Tribute to J.S. Townsend, for Oxford Mail, February 1957, Miscellaneous notes, headings, anecdotes and material F.A. Lindemann, Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 Publications, lectures, speeches E.22-E.60 POLITICS ES 22 Note on the destruction of Cherwell's drafts for speeches in the House of Lords, agreed during the sorting and classification of the Cherwell papers in 1965. The note is enclosed in a folder originally used to contain correspondence from the general public on food shortages (see J.73). ams. note of the destruction of similar material during the 1965 review. The folder bears on the inner flap Letter to press, on the General Strike, no indication of publication. 1926 Ms. drafts for articles or letters to press on the coal industry. n.d. Cut928 Letter to The Times, on German sequestration of British owned property. 1929 Typescript and ms. article on war, n.d. — Perhaps by, or prepared for, Churchill. 11 pp. Three letters to The Times, August 1934. On air defence. Letters to The Times, 1933. On Lord Birkenhead (February). Onterms of Versailles Treaty (October, two letters), Another copy of this talk appears at F.7/1. Ms. notes and drafts for a speech, probably at the Oxford Union, opposing the motion 'That the return of the National Governrnent to power at the next General Election would promote neither permanent recovery nor social justice’. Talk to 1922 Committee, on air defence. n.d. c.1935 1935 13 pp. typescript. °,A. Lindemann, Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 lications, lectures, speecnes Letter to press, on air defence, Februa ty. 1938; Included here are leiters from readers re a letter b y Cherwell on air defence published in the Daily Telegraph, May 1935, with suggestions for inventions and devices. Paper on German rearmament prepared in refutation of the arguments of Professor Bone, and probably intended for Churchill. There isa ms. date 'J,30th '36'. 12 pp. typescript. Speech to the Bryce Club, on the origins of war. 13 pp. typescript. Includes letter of thanks for talk, April 1936. Letter to Daily Telegraph, on ‘Battleship versus Aeroplane’, February 1936. Draft for speech on international situation, with a ms. note 'Sent to Lord Lloyd’, 13 pp. typescript. n.d. Article on air rearmament, for Evening Standard, October 1936. Article on the kite-balloon barrage, for Evening Standard, 16 February 1937. Included here is brief correspondence from readers on a previous article by Cherwell, ‘London's Peril from the Air', published in Evening News, 10 June 1936. Perhaps by Churchill. Article on possible future scientific inventions, prepared for Churchill and sent with covering letter, October 1937. Letters from readers re article and with suggestions for inventions and devices. Letter to Daily Telegraph, on air fleet, February 1937. 13 pp. typescript. Included here is war, September 1937, 1 p. typescript note on dangers of A FLA. Lindemann, Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 r Publications, lectures, speeches anaes fe ! - , Article on air defence, for Daily Telegraph, October 1938. Letter to press, on air raid precautions and air defence, n.d. c, 1938-39 ] p. only, perhaps incomplete. July 1945, Letter to Daily Telegraph, on scientific man-power, December 1945. ‘Headings for talk to the Progress Trust on Atomic Energy'. 3 pp. mad. 7 pp. draft talk on atomic energy, n.d. c.1946 c.1946 Letter to The Times, on British policy in Germany, November 1946. With a letter from L.S. Amery approving Cherwell's views. With a little editorial correspondence. Letters to The Times, on 'Food then and now', February- April 1947. Article on inadequate food supplies, published in Evening Standard, 4 June 1947 under the headline 'We are not getting enough to eat'. Also included here is correspondence declining payment for an article 'Why is Britain worse fed than in Wartime?', which appeared in The Daily Telegraph, February 1947. Letter to The Times, on coal production, September 1948. Included here is an undated draft, perhaps for an Oxford newspaper, defending the allotments in the University Parks. Letter to The Times, on methods of selection for the Civil Service, June 1948. Letters to The Listener, on food supplies, May-June 1948, Includes invitation to write article, letter of thanks. F.A. Lindemann, Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 Publications, lectures, speeches Letter to The Times, on Finance Bill, May 1949, Ms. and typescript versions, Letter to press, on food supplies, January 1950. Three letters to The Times, on petrol rationing and currency, February-March 1950. 3 pp. tribute to Churchill. ned. c.195] Note on M.W. Perrin, for Daily Telegraph, June 1951. Speech to Institution of Structural Engineers, March 1954, Notes for speech, Correspondence and previous invitations, 1951-54, Article on nuclear weapons and disarmament, for Look magazine, August 1954, 14 pp. typescript with a few ms. corrections. 6 pp. typescript version, with two additional concluding paragraphs, Invitation to write article. See also A, 128, ge E. 0-5. 59 Speeches and writings on United Nations Organisation, 1956-57. Letter to The Times, on deferment of national service for scientists, August 1955. Mainly re Cherwell's speeches in the House of Lords on 'Some Defects of U.N.O.' (11 December 1956) and ‘United Nations Assembly and the Middle East! (10 April 1957). Continued Hansard reports of speeches; arrangements for time and wording of question put by Cherwell, March 1957; draft letters to and from colleagues on subject. FLA. Lindemann, Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 ications, lectures, speeches FE .56-E. 58 Letters; mainly from U.S. readers of Cherwell's speech f e192 ! l ) het sa chs i i ON er ee Eh vecemocr, Which was reproaucea or aiscussed in some accompanied by articles, oO} several U:S, journals; background information, etc. 3 folders as follows: B+ G H-O P-T Not indexed. Letters to The Times, on United Nations, February 1957. A ms. draft continuation in reply to correspondence in The Times arising from above, n.d. 1957 Letters to The Times, on nuclear bomb tests, May 1957. F.A. Lindemann, Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 Publications, lectures, speeches E.46)-E. 103 EDUCATION E.61 Letter to The Times, on scientific education, March 1931. With a letter to the Editor regretting the letter was not published. Article on the importance of financial support for scientific research, written for Oxford University Appeal, 1936. Typescript drafts. Correspondence. Correspondence and papers, 1938. Re possible methods of avoiding premature specialisation by candidates for Oxford University. Draft letter to press, on comparative expenditure on scientific research in U.S.A., Germany, Russia and Britain. ned. c.1938 Typescript draft. Invitation to write article. letters re science and education. 1942, 1946 Draft letter to press, on science, with ms. comments by 1.O. Griffith, June 1938. Letter to The Times, on need for increased science teaching, August 1946. Article on the importance of scientific research in the national life, for The Oxford Magazine, March 1939, November and December 1949. Correspondence with E. Orowan, on education for engineering. (Referred to in correspondence with E. Orowan in E.69.) Included here is brief correspondence re the letter, May 1947, Letters to The Times, on technological universities, 1946-47 FLA. Lindemann, Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 et, Publications, lectures, speeches Shorter correspondence and papers on technological education, 1949. Correspondence 1950. Mainly arising from 'The Case for the Technical University! reprinted from The Times Educational Supplement, January 1950 (Cherwell contributed an article 'Demands of Modern Engineering'), a copy of which is included. Includes copies of letters sent by Cherwell to colleagues urging on them the requirements of technological educa- tion, and editorial correspondence re the T.E.S. article. Correspondence and papers re Conference on Higher Technological Education, held at Royal Society, March 1950 and organised by Tizard. Cherwell gave a short 'statement of the case for an Institute of Higher Techology'’. Includes invitation, agenda, correspondence with participants, note of conclusions of meeting by J.D. Cockcroft. Federation of British Industries, at Cherwell attended as a representative of Oxford University, and spoke. Includes Cherwell's contribution to discussion and brief editorial correspondence re its publication. Also included here is a letter rea similar conference at Regent Street Polytechnic, October 1950, which Cherwell attended. Correspondence and papers re one-day conference on educa~ tion, organised by Rhodes House, Oxford, October 1950. in the Moulding of Scientific Progress’. General correspondence on technological education, 1951. Includes a letter from McGowan with a copy of a speech by him on 'The Collaboration of Universities and Industry Letter to The Times Educational Supplement, on technological university, October 1950. Earlier draft for similar letter, n.d. F A .A. Lindemann, Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 c Publications, lectures, speeches Copies of notes by Cherwell to ministers re technological education and correspondence arising, November-December 1951. Correspondence 1952, mainly with ministerial colleagues, re financial support for technological education, and siting of university departments selected for expansion. Includes a Minute by Cherwell to Prime Minister on the subject, November 1952. Correspondence and papers on technological education and the siting of expanded technological university departments, 1953 Address by Cherwell to Institution of Electrical Engineers, February 1953. 7 pp. typescript and ms. Correspondence April 1953, mainly ministerial exchanges of letters and views about the Further Report on Higher Technological Education by the University Grants Committee , issued on 27 March, a copy of which is included. Those principally involved are R.A. Butler, Lord Salisbury, J. Stuart. Lord Woolton, Correspondence and papers 1954, mainly information and opinions on technological education sent to Cherwell by Two talks by Cherwell on the teaching of physics, Sop. aand.6 pp.’ td. oul 954 Correspondence May-July 1953, re meetings and exchanges of views on U.G.C. report and matters arising. Includes Hansard, 7 December 1954, covering House of Lords debate on Higher Technological Education in which Cherwell spoke. Correspondence and papers, 1954, mainly with former ministerial colleagues (Cherwell resigned from the Cabinet in 1953). colleagues. Correspondence and papers 1954, mainly re Royal Technical College, Glasgow, which Cherwell hoped would be desig- nated as one of the new Technological Universities and to which he referred in his speech in the House of Lords in E.84 above. F.A. Lindemann, Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 lications, lectures, speeches Letter to Sunday Times, on need for technological university, May 1955. General correspondence re technological education, deferment of national! service for scientists, etc. Minute on technological! education, Minister (Sir Anthony Eden), December 1955. Prey g , prepared for Prime Includes text of note as circulated to Cabinet, January 1956, and Cherwell's letter to R.A. Butler on subject. Letter (not for publication) to the Editor, Daily Telegraph, on technological education, January 1956. Two letters to Oxford Magazine on technological education, February and March 1956. Draft for similar letter to Oxford Magazine, n.d. Letter to The Times, December 1956. Typescript and ms. C.38oG 1956 General correspondence on education, 1956. Correspondence with headmasters re science education. Draft speech to Congregation, Oxford University, on expansion of technological education, n.d. Correspondence with Lord Simon of Wythenshawe, on education, 1956. Shorter correspondence and papers, 1956. Includes typescript draft of Simon's speech in House of Lords debate on education, November 1956. F.A. Lindemann, Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 Publications, lectures, speeches Correspondence, etc. with J.R. Colville, 1956-57. Mainly re projects to promote technological education with funds from the Churchill 80th Birthday Trust, and with support from industry. Various projects were proposed; among those which came to fruition are the Churchill Fellowships and the founding of Churchill College, Cambridge. The material includes various draft memoranda and papers, copies of letters to others, etc. 2 folders as follows: 1956: 1957 (January-April) Correspondence January-June 1957. Cherwell died on 2 July, and was engaged in corres- pondence, plans for conferences and articles on the subject of technological education to the end. See also E.100 below. 3 pp. draft on technological education. With a ms. note by J. Harvey ‘Unfinished first draft of Professor's last dictation’. Speech on industrial support for science teaching in schools, n.d. Draft for speech on higher education in House of Lords debate, n.d., probably May 1957. in House of Commons, 1953-56. Extracts from Hansard covering debates on education ELA. Lindemann, CSAC 80/4/81 Publications, lectures, speeches NVITATIONS AND CORRESPONDENCE See the nofe on the content of the material in the Introduction to Section E, 1919-20; Correspondence with editors and publishers of Discovery, re Cherwell's article on Einstein's Theory of Relativity, commissioned for the first issue of the magazine but later considered too difficult for the readership. 1930-31. 1932. Includes correspondence re Cherwell's address, on 'The Place of Mathematics in Science and Philosophy', delivered to the British Institute of Philosophy, and published in Philosophy, 8, 1933; is correspondence 1947 requesting permission to reprint the article in an anthology. also included here 1933. 1933. 1935. 1935-37. 1933. Invitation to write a note for Nature on work at Clarendon Laboratory on liquefaction of helium; Andrade and Kapitza re article. letters from Correspondence, etc. re Cherwell's lecture on 'Some Recent Discoveries in Science’, arranged by English- Speaking Union in aid of Walter Hines Page Endowment Fund. October 1936. re Cherwell's lecture on 'Research at the lowest temperatures and its importance to indusiry', given as a public lecture to Institution of Chemical Engineers, FLA. Lindemann, Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 Publications, lectures, speeches 1935-38. Te ee ha ne tee he NEQGUCSTS ror arricles, and especially air defence. | Saas 1 elcine Pate ecrures, books on rearmament f. 1936. re Guthrie Lecture; Low Temperatures at Science Museum, etc. contribution to Exhibition of Very 1936. Te. Broadcast on ‘Fahrenheit! in 'The World Goes By' series, etc. 1936-37. re proposed lecture at Leeds. 1937. 1938. 1941-42. Includes requests for broadcast on Rutherford, obituary notices of |.O. Griffith, W. Nernst. 1947. 1946. 1945. 1946-47. te lectures given by Cherwell at Imperial Defence College on 'Civilisation and Science’. for the Civil Service (the project did not develop). Includes correspondence re proposed B.B.C. Third Programme discussion broadcast on methods of selection Includes correspondence re Cherwell's address to the Iron and Steel Institute. 1948. FLA, Lindemann, Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 Publications, lectures, speeches 1949, Janua ry-March, Includes correspondence re Cherwell's contribution to series of programmes on atomic energy for 'L'Université des Ondes' broadcast on the Parisian network; and re his article ‘Financing the Budgets of the State' for the journal of the National Provincial Bank (see also A.125). 1949, May-December. 1950. ge) 1952) orrespondence Correspondence and Engineering Laboratories, King's College, London, 27 June 1952. apers re opening of new Physics and pa; pening y Includes brochure, background material re staff and research in progress, offprints by members of depart- ment,etc. IP53. 1954, February-June. 1954, July-December. Includes invitations to give Clerk Maxwell Memorial Lecture, J.D. Dunn Memorial Lecture (at Durham) (both declined), arrangements for Cherwell to visit Frankfurt, etc. Harvard University review Confluence. Invitations from schools and educational institutions, to speak on the teaching of science. Invitations from newspapers, political institutions. Includes request from H.A. Kissinger for article in 0. yaa FLA. Lindemann, Lord Cherwell CSAC 80/4/81 Publications, lectures, speeches 1956. Invitations and requests from schools or re sci education, : 6, Miscellaneous invitations, including requests for memoirs or autobiography, 1957, January-June.